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Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa’s Biography 11/12/12 Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa’s Biography Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa was born on July 13, 1915 in Tokyo. He attended the University of Tokyo and graduated in 1939 with a doctorate of philosophy in chemical engineering. The University of Tokyo is considered the most prestigious university in Japan and ranks as the highest in Asia and 21st in the world in 2011 according to Academic Ranking of World Universities. Throughout this biography I will be discussing many of the innovations and contributions including the Quality Circles, the Fishbone Cause and Effect Diagram, and user-friendly quality control created by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa. “He was instrumental in the development of the broad outlines of Japanese quality strategy, and without his leadership, the Japanese quality movement would not enjoy the worldwide acclaim and success that it has today.” (Evans 110)(1) His first job was in the military as a naval technical officer until 1941 then he began working for the Nissan Liquid Fuel Company from 1941 to 1947. In 1947 he began his career as an associate professor at the University of Tokyo, the same university he graduated from. While teaching at the University of Tokyo he joined the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers’ (JUSE) quality control research group. Dr. Ishikawa translated, integrated and expanded on the management concepts of W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran into the Japanese system. Without him, Dr. Deming and Juran, the Japanese would not have been moved towards the specific common goal of quality improvements. He then became a full- time professor in the faculty of Engineering at the University of Tokyo in 1960. Around the same time, he introduced the concept of Quality Circles with the help of JUSE. Quality Circles is a method to improve quality and is defined as, “teams of workers and supervisors that meet regularly to address work-related problems involving quality and productivity.” (Evans) Not only does it improve quality but it also motivates employees to learn and work more closely with other employees. Generally, Quality Circles helps with issues including project design, manufacturing process, and safety concerns. “He promoted the use of Quality Circles to: (1) Support improvement; (2) Respect human relations in the workplace; (3) Increase job satisfaction; and (4) More fully recognize employee capabilities and utilize their ideas. Quality Circles are effective when management understands statistical techniques and act on recommendations from members of the Quality Circles.” (Advameg, Inc.) Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa wanted to change how managers and other employees saw quality. “He urged managers to resist becoming content with merely improving a product's quality, insisting that quality improvement can always go one step further.” (Ishikawa. K.) Prior to Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa’s innovations, managers just focused on improving a products quality. He believed that we shouldn’t just focus on improving a products quality but to seek out top to bottom quality improvements within a company, as well as start to finish in the product life cycle. He is best known for the Ishikawa cause and effect diagram, also known as the fishbone diagram that is used in the analysis of the industrial process. The fishbone diagram was first used in the 1940s and it helps users visually display many different potential causes for a problem or an effect. The causes are often categorized in the 6 M’s for manufacturing, the 7 P’s for the service industry, and the 5 S’s used in the service industry. Both Dr. Ishikawa and Dr. Deming used this diagram as one of the first tools in the quality management process. In conclusion, the lifetime work of Dr. Ishikawa was extensive. “He wrote 647 articles and 31 books, including two that were translated into English: Introduction to Quality Control and What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way.” (Ishikawa. K.) The overall acceptance of his many ideas and applications shows how successful he has been throughout the world. Without him, quality control that revitalized industry would not be where it is today.

References (1) Evans, Lindsay. Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence, 8th Edition. South Western Educational Publishing, 01/2010. <vbk:1111509360#outline(3.7.2)>. (2) Ishikawa. K., (Lu. D. J. trans.), 1985, What is Total Quality Control?, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. (3) Advameg, Inc.. (2012). Reference for Business. In Quality Gurus. Retrieved May, 20, 2012, from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Pr-Sa/Quality-Gurus.html#b.

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