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It Research Definitions

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Submitted By GodzLadyHorn
Words 898
Pages 4
Larissa Hall 12/2/15
IT10 – Independent Information Technology Research

1. Information Technology- The common term used for the whole spectrum of technologies. IT does not include embedded technologies that do not generate data for enterprise use, instead it is used for technologies for information processing, including hardware, communication technologies, software and related services. 2. Personal Computer- a smaller computer that is designed for individual use which uses a microprocessor. Individuals can use these in a school, at home, or in an office for things such as financial analysis, computer games, data processing/ word processing, and data management. 3. Needs Assessment- A process used to identify and evaluate specific needs in a defined population. It is systematic in approach and used by organizations to determine priorities, allocate resources, and make organizational improvements. Afterwards there is a plan of action developed that addresses the needs and brings the organization closer to a desired future state. 4. Operating System- Software that after being loaded onto the computer manages a computer’s resources. It controls the flow both from the main processor as well as into it. The OS performs tasks such as memory management, I/O peripheral devices, and control of displays. 5. High-level language versus machine language- High-level language is closer to English and easier to understand. Machine language is a language spoken (in other words) by the computer typically using 0’s and 1’s. High-level language is much slower than machine language. 6. Graphic User Interface (GUI)- A graphic-based operating system interface that used menus, icons, and the mouse to manage interaction with the system. A GUI includes four components: a user interface toolkit, consistent applications, a graphics library, and a user interface style guide. 7. Computer Network- A group of computer systems and other computer hardware linked together via communication channels that can communicate and share resources to a wide range of users. 8. WWW versus internet- www stands for World Wide Web. It is what we use to access the internet. The internet is a network made up of many networks. 9. TCP/IP- a series of protocols designed to establish a network of networks to provide a host with access to the internet. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is responsible for data connectivity and transmitting the data. 10. Ethernet/fast Ethernet- an array of networking technologies and systems used in local area networks (LAN), where computers are connected within a primary physical space. Ethernet divides data into streams called frames. Frames include source and destination address. Fast Ethernet is one of the versions of the Ethernet standard that enables the transmission of data over 100 megabits per second on local area networks (LAN), also known as 100 Base X or 100 Mbps Ethernet, and is defined by the IEEE 802.3u protocol. 11. Bandwidths and speed- Bandwidth is the data transfer speed of a channel or the carrying capacity of that channel. Bandwidth exists in wireless or physical communication networks. 12. ISPs (internet service providers)- Companies that provide direct internet access to its customers. Data can be transmitted using dial-up, DSL, wireless, cable-modem or dedicated high-speed interconnects. 13. Streaming video- A way in which video is viewed online without being downloaded onto a device. 14. MPG- One of a number of file extensions for MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 audio and video compression 15. AVIs- A multimedia format created by Microsoft used as part of its video for windows software. It can contain both audio and video in a file that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. 16. Virtual environments- Three-dimensional, computer-generated representation where the user of the technology perceives themselves to be or within the action takes place. 17. Visual Basic- A high-level programming language from Microsoft. It is easy to understand and is considered to be the starting point of software development, 18. C++- An object oriented programming language that is general-purpose. It’s an extension to the C language but provides features such as data abstraction. It can be used to develop programs for almost all computers. 19. Batch Files- Text files that contain a sequence of commands for a computer operating system. Batch files combine multiple commands into a single file. 20. Object Oriented Programming- A style of programming constructed around objects. It compartmentalizes data into objects (data fields) and describes object contents and behavior through the declaration of classes (methods). 21. Browser (IE/Netscape/others)- A software program that allows users to access, locate, and display web pages. 22. HTML- Hypertext Markup Language is a document-formatting language. It is derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) which is used mainly for creating Web pages. The browser takes and interprets the HTML commands and formats the page layout, graphics, and fonts on the screen. 23. Static Web Page- A page built using HTML code and feature the same content and presentation, regardless of user identity. They are easier than dynamic Web pages to code and assemble. 24. Interactive Web page- The opposite of a static web page it is user specific meaning it changes according to the user. Also known as dynamic web page it provides custom content for the user based on search or other requests. 25. URL- Uniform resource locator is the string of characters that identify an Internet document’s exact name and location.

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