...country. Tourism is one of the fastest growing and profitable sectors of the national economy. Italian climate is very different. It is comfortable to travel to this country in every season. If it is summer you can relax in a seaside resorts or take a rest near different lakes. Also in summer you can mountaineer. In winter it is possible to skiing. In autumn and spring you have an opportunity to visit the famous cities of the world cultural heritage. Cultural heritage is another strength side of Italy. Italian culture has a rich history that includes art, classic architecture, popular traditions, and customs. Includes links to trends in Italy today as well as resources on folklore, history, and artistic traditions. Italy has many environmental problems and it took a long time to confront these. One of strengths in this sphere is that now Italy is one of the world leaders of producing renewable energy. Italy is a member of European Union (EU), of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and also of many international organizations, for example United Nations and so on. It is a great supporter of multilateral international politics, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities. It means that Italy is involved in international activities, moreover, is very interested in them. It is a positive side of the country. Italian fashion is very famous all over the world. The Made in Italy is...
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...By the mid-18th century in France, grape growing supported 1.5 million families and an equal number in wine-related businesses. Eventually, it accounted for one-sixth of France’s total trading revenue, and was the country’s second-largest export. Rather than resisting such government classifications and controls, producers often supported and even augmented them as a way of differentiating their products and raising entry barriers. Later, other wine regions of France were given official recognition with the classification of Vins Delimités de Qualite Superieure (VDQS), but these were usually regarded as of lower rank than AOC wines. Below VDQS were Vins de Pays, or country wine -- inexpensive but very drinkable wines for French tables, and increasingly, for export. These categories were quite rigid with almost no movement across them. This was due to a belief that quality was linked to terroir, the almost mystical combination of soil, aspect, microclimate, rainfall, and cultivation that the French passionately believed gave the wine from each region— and indeed, each vineyard— its unique character. pita annual consumption reached about 80 liters in Argentina and 50 liters in Chile in the 1960s. While such rates were well behind France and Italy, both of which boasted per capita consumption of 110–120 liters in this era, they were comparable with those of Spain. First, suitable land was widely available and less expensive, allowing the growth of much more extensive vineyards...
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...world and Italy appears to be one of the hardest hit in Europe. After decades during which the Italians as well as the international industrial, agriculture and financial sectors raked huge profits without investing anything in innovation and competitive interventions, now companies are claiming the state rescue and support. According to initial estimations made at the OIV (International Organization of Vine and Wine) Italy, the world's second-biggest wine producer after France with an output of about 4.5 billion liters per year, had in 2009 a decrease in domestically demand, price and export which reflects the effects of the world economic crisis. Average price of Italian wine dropped 20 percent last year with ordinary wine prices plunging 25 percent and special denomination quality wines losing 13 percent. In 2009, Italian wine sales to export markets, the United States and Britain, fell 7 and 10 percent respectively hammered by the crisis and advance of rivals from Chile, Argentina, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, according to UIV estimates based on data from Italy's statistics agency ISTAT (Istituto di Servizi per il Mercato Agricolo Alimentare). Tourism can be an important resource for an economy and Italy is the fourth highest tourist earn and fifth most visited country in the world, behind France (76.0 million), Spain (55.6 million), United States (49.4 million), and China (46.8) with more than 43.7 million tourists a year. People mainly come to Italy for its rich...
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...Country Comparison Factbook France vs. Italy Wine Industry Group 16.4 Bram van Veen Caspar Leusink Muhammad Hafidz Randy Hardja Lecturer: Mr.Drs.HenkRitsema Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Methods and Frameworks 5 Hofstede’s cultural dimensions 5 Porter’s diamond 7 Porter’s Five Forces Model of Competition 8 Introducing the Wine Industry 9 Overview of Wine Industry 9 French Wine Industry 10 Italian Wine Industry 11 Country comparison 12 Comparison of relevant macro-economic indicators 12 General economic indicators 12 Financial Health 13 Demographic Factors 13 Historical developments 14 Historical Background 14 Global Wine Industry Developments 15 Socio-cultural conditions 17 Cultural Diversity 17 Hofstede 18 Political and Governmental Systems 19 Legal Systems 21 Financial Systems 21 Labour Market 22 Industry Conditions 24 Supply Market Conditions 24 Demand market conditions 24 Threat of New Entrants and Substitute Products 25 Major players and level of competition 27 Level of Competition 28 Recommendations 28 Italy 29 France: 31 Recommendations: 33 References 34 Executive Summary The goal of this factbook is to provide potential investors with information on relevant dimensions regarding the wine industry in Italy and France. The factbook is comparing both of the countries using methodological framework and secondary data. The data we used are obtained through various sources. In the end, Italy is presented...
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...Assignment Cover Sheet |Family Name: |First Name: |Student ID Number: | |Nguyen Da |Huong Quynh | | |Course: SNHU2010 | |Unit Code: |Unit Title: | |Eco 322 |International Economics | |Assignment Title: | |Application of theory to study of trade | |Name of Lecturer: |Place of Lectures: | |Nguyen Thanh Tung | | |Date Submitted: |Student...
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...2. Executive summary • Two countries researched for potential market entry of Silkwood Wines, using macro-environmental (PEST) analysis, are Argentina and New Zealand. • Argentina is an attractive market for winemakers from ‘target-market’ point of view, but it is not a good time to commence exporting to this country. Unfavourable political and economic situation are the strongest factors that influence this decision. High physical, psychic, cultural and linguistic distances from Australia represent additional potential complications. • New Zealand on the other hand offers less opportunity for profits, but being physically, psychically, culturally and linguistically close to Australia, with a favourable applicable tariff rates and historically good relationship, it is a safe option. • American slightly positive GDP growth in the last quarter and some other latest statistics indicate that the worst times relating to world financial crisis is in the past. Nevertheless, world’s economists are prognosticating that long time is needed for full recovery. Some countries are still in recession and Argentina is battling hard to come out as a winner. Higher risks are associated with these hard times, thus a safer option is recommended. • Taking all this into consideration and the facts that Silkwood Wines are inexperienced in exporting and have limited human and financial resources, I recommend New Zealand as the best country for initial entry. With characteristics above described...
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...Describe the biophysical, ecological, economic and sociocultural factors that explain the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of a global economic activity you have studied INTRO The factors that explain the nature, special patters and future directions of viticulture include the biophysical, ecological, economic and socio-cultural factors. BIOPHYSICAL FACTORS The ideal temperature for growing grapes depends on the type of grape. For growing white grapes, ideally the temperature should be 19°C and for red grapes, 21°C. Reaching this ideal temperature is important because it is how the vine produces the sugar needed for plant growth, which influences the colour and flavour of the grape. The scientific reason for this temperature requirement is due to the enzymes involved in sugar production, and the ideal working temperature for these enzymes. Insolation refers to the level of solar radiation; this has an impact on the rate of photosynthesis and therefore affects the amount of plant growth. For this reason there is a certain longitude where grapes grow best. Aspect affects the amount of sunlight received on the vineyard. In the southern hemisphere north and west facing slopes are ideal as they receive more sunlight. Excessive wind results in grapes being damaged and vines become stressed, if there are strong winds it can break off shoots and cause damage which results poor growth and decreasing levels of photosynthesis. Vines generally require approximately 700mm...
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...Robert Mondavi Wine Case Study Robet Mondavi Winery was created in 1966, in Napa Valley. At its debut the company “became one of America’s most innovative and high quality winemakers.” introducing many new techniques such as Stainless tanks or the use of small French oak barrels. Robert Mondavi “set out to educate American consumers and to enhance their appreciation of fine wine” and also became a promoter of the California wine industry. The wine industry is divided in 5 segments. RMW is has developped 16 different brands and is present in all segments except jug wine. Source image :http://image.slidesharecdn.com/robertmondaviandthewineindustrycase-130320190248-phpapp01/95/robert-mondavi-and-the-wine-industry-case-8-638.jpg?cb=1363824203 RMW bestselling wine is the Woodbridge which represented 76% of the company’s case and 57% of its revenue in 2001. But there is increasing competition in this segment with many important companies entering this segment. In the mid-90’s Mondavi launched 3 joint ventures with French, Italian and Chilean’s firms. “Mondavi owned and leased 9’700 acres of vineyards in California and the joint ventures controlled additional 1’600 acres in Chile, Italy, and California.” But these vineyards provide only 7% of the company’s total grape supply in 2001. Although the firm did invest a lot in the 80’s and 90’s, acquiring many wineries in California, the production could not keep up with increasing consumption, making the firm highly dependent on its...
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...|Section |Section Title |Pages | |1.0 |Executive Summery | | |2.0 |Company Data- | | | |Name & Address- | | | |History- | | | |Company size- | | |3.0 |Product to be exported | | |3.1 |Product category | | |3.2 |Product description | | |3.3 |Present Annual sales | | |4.0 |Strengths...
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...The response to demand of computer and potato chips The supply’s response to demand is always a direct response. Suppliers of any commodity respond to a rise in demand by increasing their supply levels to meet the demand. The direct response stops at the point of equilibrium. The response to demand of potato and computer chips may differ both in the short run and long-run. The potato chips response will be faster in supply increase because the time needed in adjusting its production is shorter compared to the computer chips. On other hand, computer chips response in supply increase will be slower because adjustments to production require more time in cost adjustments. However, the response of both products to a rise in demand will be limited to changes in variable costs. Though as time goes by all costs can be adjusted to increase supply for both goods. Therefore, its’ conclusive to say potato chips response is quicker in the short term because its production cost variables take less time to change compared to computer chips. According to Andreu, Michael and Jerry (1995 in order to increase production in the short run each manufacturer has only one option, which is to change the variable costs that are easily adjustable. In the long run supply response will reach an equilibrium point with no shift for the potatoes because they are regularly consumed. However, a shift is possible if potatoes go out of season and thus, affecting supply. The computer chips supply...
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...Global Wine War 2009: New World versus Old “We have the people, expertise, technology and commitment to gain global preeminence for Australian wine by 2025. It will come by anticipating the market, influencing consumer demand, and building on our strategy of sustainable growth.” — Sam Toley, CEO of Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation. “By phasing out the buyback of excess wine and increasing incentives for farmers to uproot their vines, the EC reforms will only bring in the New World’s agro-industry model. We need to protect the age-old European model built on traditional vineyards.” — Jean-Louis Piton, Copa-Cogeca Farmers Association. In 2009, these two views reflected some of the very different sentiments unleashed by the fierce competitive battle raging between traditional wine makers and some new industry players as they fought for a share of the $230 billion global wine market. Many Old World wine producers—France, Italy, and Spain, for example—found themselves constrained by embedded wine-making traditions, restrictive industry regulations, and complex national and European Community legislation. This provided an opportunity for New World wine companies—from Australia, the United States, and Chile, for instance—to challenge the more established Old World producers by introducing innovations at every stage of the value chain. In the Beginning1 Grape growing and wine making have been human preoccupations at least since the times when ancient Egyptians and Greeks...
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...Ireland. It is said to have dated as far back as the 6th century A.D., from monks who brought the skill of distilling perfumes from what they had learned in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, back to Ireland and perfected it to a drinkable spirit. Although Irish whiskey was once the most popular spirit worldwide , due to the prohibition and the dispute between the Irish and UK government regarding trade to commonwealth countries. Irish whiskey saw a dramatic downturn during the 20th century which sadly led to only 2 distilleries left at the start of the 1970's. However by coming together to preserve their resources they saw small increases in sales, then in 1988, Pernod Ricard bought over what is now Irish Distillers and global exports began to rise. Now, they are currently claiming the title of fastest growing spirit worldwide. Irish whiskey today is certainly regarded as a premium spirit with demand at an all time high. The future outlook for Irish whiskey at present looks promising, with more distilleries currently under construction, but more needs to be done to reach the levels it once famously boasted. To gain a better understanding of the future of Irish whiskey, it is important to consider such factors as: What makes Irish whiskey unique, it's long and fascinating history and lessons to take from this, the importance and success of new micro-breweries around Ireland and to look at sales projections and predictions for the foreseeable future. Brief History...
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...exporting countries. | ____ 2. Net exports of a country are the value of a. | goods and services imported minus the value of goods and services exported. | b. | goods and services exported minus the value of goods and services imported. | c. | goods exported minus the value of goods imported. | d. | goods imported minus the value of goods exported. | Table 31-1 Argentinean Trade Flows | Goods | | Services | | PurchasedAbroad | $40 billion | PurchasedAbroad | $20 billion | Sold Abroad | $10 billion | Sold Abroad | $25 billion | ____ 3. Refer to Table 31-1. What are Argentina’s exports? a. | $60 billion | b. | $35 billion | c. | $10 billion | d. | None of the above are correct. | ____ 4. Refer to Table 31-1. What are Argentina’s imports? a. | $60 billion | b. | $35 billion | c. | $40 billion | d. | None of the above are correct. | ____ 5. Refer to Table 31-1. What are Argentina’s net exports? a. | $30 billion | b. | $5 billion | c. | -$5 billion | d. | -$25 billion | ____ 6. Sonya, a citizen of Denmark, produces boots and shoes that she sells to department stores in the United States. Other things the same, these sales a. | increase U.S. net exports and have no effect on Danish net exports. | b. | decrease U.S. net exports and have no effect on Danish net exports. | c. | increase U.S. net exports and decrease Danish net exports. | d. | decrease U.S. net exports and increase...
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...9-910-405 AUGUST 13, 2009 CHRISTOPHER A. BARTLETT Global Wine War 2009: New World versus Old “We have the people, expertise, technology and commitment to gain global preeminence for Australian wine by 2025. It will come by anticipating the market, influencing consumer demand, and building on our strategy of sustainable growth.” — Sam Toley, CEO of Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation. “By phasing out the buyback of excess wine and increasing incentives for farmers to uproot their vines, the EC reforms will only bring in the New World’s agro-industry model. We need to protect the age-old European model built on traditional vineyards.” — Jean-Louis Piton, Copa-Cogeca Farmers Association. In 2009, these two views reflected some of the very different sentiments unleashed by the fierce competitive battle raging between traditional wine makers and some new industry players as they fought for a share of the $230 billion global wine market. Many Old World wine producers—France, Italy, and Spain, for example—found themselves constrained by embedded wine-making traditions, restrictive industry regulations, and complex national and European Community legislation. This provided an opportunity for New World wine companies—from Australia, the United States, and Chile, for instance—to challenge the more established Old World producers by introducing innovations at every stage of the value chain. In the Beginning1 Grape growing and wine making have been human preoccupations at least since the...
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...THE GINESTET CASE STUDY. INTERNATIONALISATION AS A WAY TO RENEW BORDEAUX WINE ECONOMY’S ENTREPRISE SPIRIT (1978-2000) Christian Delpeuch, chief executive officer of Ginestet, Bordeaux, & Hubert Bonin, professor in contemporary economic history at Bordeaux Political Sciences Institute The Bordeaux wine economy endured a grave crisis at the beginning of the last quarter of the 20th century: most of its familial trade houses were submerged by losses and failed down. The renewal of bordeaux wine economy was due to new forms of capitalistic and commercial strategies. Large French financial groups (Suez, Paribas) linked to investment banks, or foreign French and alcohol and spirits groups (Bols, Seagram, Pernod-Ricard, Rémy-Cointreau) or wholesale traders (John Holt) took hold of Bordeaux wine houses. But this trend was brought to a halt at the very end of the century: specialists in wines and alcohols more and more prevailed. Multiregional wine sellers constituted groups which developed all over France dynamic policies to rebuild commercial networks. Whereas their strategy turned towards the internal mass market doesn’t matter here, their involvement in the reshaping of an international network and trademark will be the core of that case study. Whilst waiting for a large synthesis about Bordeaux trade at the end of the century1, we’ll concentrate our attention on a middle-size company, Ginestet, as a testimony about the requirements of internationalisation but...
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