The job of a private investigator is to find information and people. Information can include documentation such as court records, government agencies' filings, important statistics, property ownerships, photographs, vehicle records and witness statements. Different investigators have different fields of specialization depending upon their background and training. Legal investigators are usually hired in cases involving courts. Normally employed by law firms or lawyers, they assist in preparing criminal defenses, serving legal documents, locating witnesses and interviewing them, interviewing police, and gathering and reviewing evidence. Corporate investigators deal with business issues. Intellectual property theft is usually investigated by those with a background in patent and trademarks. A financial investigator may have a public accounting background
How does a private investigation service work?
�When you hire a private investigation service, the investigator will discuss the case with you. This discussion will enable him to assess whether the case is legal, ethical and the possible approach to be taken towards solving it. �Next you and the investigator will need to agree on a budget and plan for collection of the necessary information. �The investigator then conducts the investigation. Evidence is gathered in such a way that it can be presented in court if necessary. The investigator then thoroughly analyzes the evidence and reports the findings to you.
Sources of information
Private investigators rely on multiple sources to collect information. �Surveillance: The target under surveillance is followed to see where he goes and who he meets. Investigators often carry a sophisticated camera to document the movement of the target. Private investigators usually conduct surveillance from public property to avoid any legal issues. Before the surveillance can begin, local police needs to be notified in most areas of the presence of the investigators. �Interview: Investigators may interview suspects and witnesses. The interviewee usually has no legal obligation to speak to the investigator. Thus, the process involves effective communication building skills. Time is devoted to building rapport and making the interviewed person comfortable. The technique of pretexting or pretending to be someone else is illegal and seldom used by professional investigators. �Public records: They are a third source of information. These records include tax records, voter registrations, birth and death records, real-estate transactions, business licenses, court records, vital statistics and DMV records. Many of these records can be accessed by private citizens but the knowledge of private investigators enables quick and easy access to these records. Investigators can access databases, not available to the general public, that search multiple record sources at once. Additionally, analysis of the collected information forms a central part of the investigator's job
Training
Many private investigators have experience in a related field such as military, police, crime-scene investigation or surveillance. Most private investigators have apprenticed under an experienced investigator. Professional investigators can plan and coordinate investigations and have a good knowledge of legal and ethical aspects pertaining to investigation. They are excellent at investigative and surveillance practices, questioning witnesses and are well acquainted with evidence handling procedures.
License
Most states and countries issue licenses to private investigators. The license may be active within a single state or multiple states. In the United States, each state has its own licensing requirements but states have reciprocity agreements between them allowing a state license to be valid in other states. Some states have no licensing procedure at all, like England and Wales. Before hiring a private investigator find out about the licensing requirements within your state and ensure that the investigator meets those requirements. Since the investigation work may require the investigator to cross state borders, investigators with single state licenses develop working relationships with investigators in other states. A license however, does not give a private investigator the right to break laws during investigations.
Law
�In many countries, to abide by the law, investigators must ask for permission from the owner or the tenant to enter a private property. Private phone surveillance with recording devices or wiretapping is also a breach of legal regulations. �Pretexting or falsely presenting oneself as an attorney or a government official or as a law enforcement official is illegal. �Detaining and interrogating criminals could be considered kidnapping. However, some states and countries allow citizens who have witnessed a crime or identified a criminal to detain that person. Different jurisdictions may permit such citizen arrest in different situations. A private investigator must be well aware of his legal obligations and do his best to abide by them. Talking to people who have used private investigation service before hiring an investigator is always advisable.
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