...the years. More often than not, a tested wrong answer is just as important as a correct one. It provides a foundation to test upon. Like many early scientific theories, Kanada’s early atomic theory has clear errors; however, it is still fundamentally similar to the modern theory. Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān, born circa 721 in what is now Iran, proposed a similar theory of elements. The alchemist believed that there were four natures: hot, cold, dry, and wet. This theory, known as the Method of Balance, led Jābir to experiment with the transmutation of substances (Newman). If all substances were made up of four natures, would it not be possible to change the substance by changing the natures? Jābir also believed that all metals were composed of mercury and sulfur. By adding or removing mercury or sulfur, he believed one could change one metal into another (Newman). In his writings, Jābir gave detailed descriptions on the processes of alloying and purifying metals (Newman). His writings eventually became influential throughout the world. Many followed his beliefs and recreated his experiments. Over 500 years later, a Spanish Alchemist would adopt the name Geber (a Latinized version of Jābir) in hopes of promoting his works (“Geber”). Geber modified his namesakes’ theories and published his own works. Instead of metal being merely a mixture of mercury and sulfur, it was now pure mercury and sulfur was a corrupter (Newman). In his most famous book, Summa Perfectionis Megisterii, Geber...
Words: 1193 - Pages: 5
...Aristotle and other Greek philosophers believed that only pure thought was reliable and the senses could not be trusted. They used deductive reasoning, or going from one truth to another, such as “All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore Socrates is mortal.” This prevented verifiable experiments from taking place. Alchemists, on the other hand, used inductive reasoning by conducting experiments. Alchemists allowed for the advancement in science. The Greek idea that only thoughts were pure and that senses were tainted halted scientific progress, but the alchemists changed that. Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan, a famous alchemist, said, “He who performs not practical work nor makes experiments will never attain to the least degree of mastery.”...
Words: 299 - Pages: 2
...Science and its Evolution Science which comes from the Latin word scire, to know, I would say is method of observing natural events and conditions so that we can discover facts about them and to formulate laws based on these observations. Another way of defining science is to say that it is the philosophy that the natural world can be known through human reason and that nature is rational, ordered and regular. When things seem irrational in human eyes, the scientific answer is to say that we don’t have enough data to solve the problem. Also, science has several branches under it such as biology, physics, geology, and astronomy, to name a few. Modern science has been evolving since the foundation was laid by the first scientists ways back then. It wasn’t always highly regarded; it emerged from the darkness of mysticism, alchemy, astrology, and better yet, sorcery. Metaphysics was the first attempt to give rational explanations for natural phenomena. Overall any field was used to try to give an explanation to unanswered questions, some people agree with these “answers” and some people don’t. Ancient civilizations practiced what we now refer to as applied science and mathematics. The discoveries made during these times were sought for practical uses. Counting could’ve been the fundamental beginning of recording information. (Isenhour, 2013) Babylonians, Egyptians and other ancient civilizations practiced astronomy and engineering. Astronomy was and is still useful for the...
Words: 945 - Pages: 4
...The Prohibition of Riba in The Holy Qur’an & Hadith Definition of Riba • Lexical: دة • Legal: اexcess, increase or addition excess compensation without due consideration made conditional for either party to a contract 2 Types of Riba 1. Riba al-Nase’ah – ر ا • To charge a specified increase or profit on a specific amount lent for a given period • Also known as: • • 2. Riba al-Jahiliyyah Riba al-Qur’an Riba al-Fadhl – ر ا ه • Excess that is taken in the exchange of homogenous ( ) commodities and is encountered in their hand to hand purchase and sale • Also known as: • • Riba al-Bey‘ Riba al-Hadith Historical Analysis - Verse 1 [ ] (39) And that which you give in riba for increase through the property of [other] people, will have no increase with Allah. But that which you give in charity seeking the countenance of Allah, it is these who will get a recompense multiplied. [30:39] • • • Revealed in Makkah Not prohibitive in nature According to the majority of exegetes, refers to the gift that is extended to another with the intention that the latter will return it with a better gift Historical Analysis - Verse 2 [ ] (161) That they took riba, though they were forbidden … [4:161] • • • • • • Enumeration of the iniquity and wickedness of the Jews Exact time of revelation is uncertain Context indicates before 4th year AH as most Jews had by the departed Madinah According to al-Tabari...
Words: 1125 - Pages: 5
... confidentiality, availability and integrity, by establishing safe and quickly trusted relationships between cloud provider and the cloud customers. Conclusion: As Cloud users are increasing every day, cloud security becomes the top priority of the cloud providers. Organizations using cloud services are also aware of the risks of using cloud. Many attacks are launched against cloud environment to gain access to the sensitive data which leads the cloud customers lose trust in cloud providers. Cloud providers and Cloud customers need to focus on core elements of cloud security, including secure virtualized environment, proper access and identity management, threat management, privacy and security of data. References: [1] Raja Mohamed Jabir et.al.,”Analysis of cloud computing attacks and countermeasures”,in 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT),pp. 117 – 123. [2] Asma A. Shaikh,”Attacks on cloud Computing and its Countermeasures”, in 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES),pp. 748 - 752 [3] S. Yu, X. Gui, and J. Lin, "An approach with twostage mode to detect cache-based side channel attacks," in Information Networking (ICOIN), 2013 International Conference on, 2013, pp. 186-191. [4] Awatef Balobaid,Wedad Alawad & Hanan Aljasim (Dec. 2016). “A study on the impacts of DoS and DDoS attacks on cloud and mitigation techniques”, in 2016 International Conference on Computing, Analytics...
Words: 956 - Pages: 4
...BAHASA PAHANG SAHAJA DUA 1. [b]moh [/b]- jom, mari 2. [b]koi[/b] - saya, aku 3. [b]aok[/b] - awak 4. [b]buboh[/b] - letak 5.[b]mereloh [/b]- tido 6.[b]meronoh[/b] - buang air besar 7.[b]membute[/b] - tido 8.[b]sayap [/b]- tipu 9.[b]pedooh[/b] - tipu jugak 10.[b]mek nye [/b]- kenapa nya 11[b].jabir [/b]- plastik 12.[b]gebor[/b] - selimut 13[b].pepalih..[/b]maksudnya macam...ishh...teruknyee... 14.[b]LAT [/b]- tenggang , Contoh : LAT seminggu = Tenggang seminggu 15.[b]ulu sungai [/b]- beloh lepih..., raub, jerantut or jerantet... 16.[b]tengah[/b] - temerloh 17.[b]kuala[/b] - pekan 18.[b]sokmo[/b] -selalu 19.[b]rege[/b] -harga 20.[b]jenih[/b] -jenis 21.[b]malaih[/b] -malas 22.[b]jenuh [/b]- puas 23.[b]meleweh [/b]- bercakap macamm nak tak nak.... 24.[b]borok[/b] - borak 25.[b]kehut, kehot, kehak [/b]- letih..sengal.. 26.[b]Gonyoh [/b]- Sental kuat2 27[b].mencayak tu [/b]- laju sangat bawak motor 28.[b]mengelice- [/b]mengelupur 29.[b]polok[/b] - gelojoh 30.[b]mengelentat [/b]- mengada2 seksi 31.[b]mok[/b] - mak 32. [b]Bela[/b].....repair! - Bila aok nok bela TV tu? 33. [b]Kome[/b]....kami 34. [b]Deme...[/b]mereka 35. [b]Se'eh [/b]- Kenyang yg teramat sgt. Contoh : Se'ehnya perot kawan niii... rase maca tok leh nok bangun doh! 36. [b]Manis meleting[/b]...Masam mencekut..busuk melantong... 37.[b]kulo[/b]..warna kelabu tahi anjing 38.[b]gonggot[/b]..rambut yang digunting tak sekata 39.[b]sepolit[/b]..tinggal sedikit 40.[b]merepau[/b]...jalan...
Words: 861 - Pages: 4
...Memberi salam sebenarnya merupakan doa dan harapan bagi keselamatan dan kesejahteraan antara satu sama lain. Dengan doa ni terjalinlah kemesraan dan kasih sayang di antara satu sama lain. Dari segi bahasa arab Assalamualaikum ia bermaksud " Selamat sejahtera ke atas kamu" dan dijawab dengan Waalaikumsalam pula bererti " di atas kamu juga selamat sejahtera" Mengikut hukum, setiap orang Islam dianjurkan memberi salam bila bertemu dengan saudara Islam walaupun pertemuan itu beberapa kali. Ia dihukum sunat dan diberi pahala. Walaubagaimanapun yang menjawab tu dihukumkan sebagai wajib. dan enggan menjawab salam dari saudara Islamnya adalah satu perbuatan dosa. Kenapa kita di tuntut sangat untuk memberi dan menjawab salam nih? Sebab terlalu banyak hadith-hadith yang menceritakan kelebihan memberi dan menjawab salam nih. Antaranya; Nabi Muhammad SAW telah bersabda: “Manusia yang terdekat dengan Allah SWT ialah mereka yang memulakan memberi salam.” (HR. Ahmad, Abu Daud) Nabi SAW ditanya apakah amalan yang terbaik dalam Islam. Baginda bersabda: “Memberi makan kepada yang lapar dan memberi salam kepada orang yang kamu kenali dan yang tidak kamu kenali.” (HR Bukhari dan Muslim) Pernah datang seorang lelaki kepada Rasulullah SAW lalu mengucapkan kepadanya ‘Assalaamu’alaikum’. Salamnya dijawab dan dia pun duduk, lalu Rasulullah SAW bersabda: ‘Sepuluh’. Sebentar kemudian, datang pula lelaki lain kepadanya lalu mengucapkan, ‘Assalaamu’alaikum warahmatullah’. Rasulullah SAW...
Words: 711 - Pages: 3
...BUS – Spring 2012 . Jabir Al Mursalin Submitted To:- MdLecturer of BRAC Business School BRAC University Dept: BBS Date of Submission: 24th May, 2012 Letter of Endorsement The Internship Report entitled GSK’S Financial Performance Trend Analysis has been submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration, Major in Marketing & Finance Faculty of BRAC Business School on Spring 2012 by Mr. Md. Jabir Al Mursalin, Id # 08104091. The report has been accepted and may be presented to the Internship Defense Committee for evaluation. (Any opinions, suggestions made in this report are entirely that of the author of the report. The University does not condone nor reject any of these opinions or suggestions). ______________________ “Mr. Md. Jabir Al Mursalin” Lecturer Academic Internship Supervisor Transmittal Message May 24, 2012 Mr. Md. Jabir Al Mursalin Lecturer BRAC Business School Subject: Letter of Transmittal ...
Words: 10391 - Pages: 42
...Internship Report On “GSK’S Financial Performance Trend Analysis” Submitted By:- Azizur Rahman 08104091 _____________ BUS – 400 Spring 2012 Submitted To:- Md. Jabir Al Mursalin Lecturer of BRAC Business School BRAC University Date of Submission: 24 May, 2012 Dept: BBS th Letter of Endorsement The Internship Report entitled GSK’S Financial Performance Trend Analysis has been submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration, Major in Marketing & Finance Faculty of BRAC Business School on Spring 2012 by Mr. Md. Jabir Al Mursalin, Id # 08104091. The report has been accepted and may be presented to the Internship Defense Committee for evaluation. (Any opinions, suggestions made in this report are entirely that of the author of the report. The University does not condone nor reject any of these opinions or suggestions). ______________________ “Mr. Md. Jabir Al Mursalin” Lecturer Academic Internship Supervisor Transmittal Message May 24, 2012 Mr. Md. Jabir Al Mursalin Lecturer BRAC Business School Subject: Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, I am taking the opportunity to submit the report on “GSK’S Financial Performance Trend Analysis" as a requirement of my internship at GlaxoSmithKline Bangladesh Ltd. under the BBA Program of BRAC University -Bangladesh I worked as an Intern in the Secretarial & Legal Division at GSK Bangladesh Ltd. for 12 weeks gaining a working knowledge of the various finance...
Words: 10563 - Pages: 43
...obsidian. Obsidian was a common material for weapons, jewelry and considered to be a currency. Initially glass was difficult to make. People were still working on the tools and techniques needed to create glass. In the first century BC the glass blowpipe was invented. This discovery revolutionized the glass making techniques, it was now faster, easier and cheaper to make. From there glass making and glass art spread throughout Europe and Northern Africa. The making of colored glass has also been around since ancient times. This process was also thought to have been born by Mesopotamians. Glass is made in colors by adding metals to the mix. Although the art of exact color making was not known until the 8th century when a Persian Chemist, Jabir ibn Hayyan created 46 recipes for creating colored glass. The oxidation of the metals is what ultimately results in the colored glass. The specific art of stained glass windows came about in ancient Roman times. Ancient Romans glazed glass into windows. The used blowing techniques to spin discs and made glass cylinders. The glass was not very transparent. Religions and Christian Churches in particular spurred the patronage of stained glass window making. One of the oldest examples of stained glass is found at the St Paul’s Monastery in Jarrow, England. The monastery was founded in 686 AD. The oldest complete European Windows were at Augsburg Cathedral in Germany. (Pictured below) The patronage of the arts...
Words: 1183 - Pages: 5
...in the interest (maslahah) of the ummah [Muslim nation]. Thus, he has gone so far as to permit birth control, in view of the ummah’s suffering from overpopulation” On the other hand, more conservative scholars will cite 6:151 in the Qur’an stating, “do not kill your children fearing poverty.” It is fairly clear, though, that the majority opinion on birth control is that it is permissible. This being said, it will be important to look at the specifics within forms of contraception in Islam. Looking at how these interpretations translate into practice for modern Muslims, a more common conclusion is that “Muslim scholars also assumed that anything done during the Prophet’s time that he did not forbid must have been acceptable. The Companion Jabir b. ‘Abdallah thus reported, ‘We used to practice coitus interruptus during the time of the Prophet when the Quran was being revealed.’ Muslim scholars interpreted this as a major proof for the permissibility of birth control in Islam.” Hadiths and Qur’an often reference this method of coitus interruptus, and being the only explicit mentioning of any form of birth control, this largely constructs the idea that birth control may be practiced by Muslims while still continuing the straight path. Exploring the individual methods of birth control, acceptance varies from method to method. Natural family planning was practiced in the time of Muhammad, and is permitted as long as the conditions of mutual pleasure are met. Barrier methods are widely...
Words: 1447 - Pages: 6
...ALIF ( ) أ 1. Aban : : َﺑَـﺎنperbuatan yang sangat jelas, nama putra khalifah أـ ‘Utsman bin ‘Affan 2. Abiy : : أﺑﻲyang memiliki kepribadian yang kuat yang pantang ّ َِ tunduk terhadap tekanan 3. Abyan : : أﺑ َﻦyang lebih jelas َ ْﻴ 4. Adib : : أدﻳْﺐsastrawan َِ 5. Ahmad : : أﺣ َﺪyang banyak dipuji-puji, nama yang diberikan oleh Allah َ ْﻤ kepada Nabi Muhammad dalam al-Qur’an 6. Arib : : أرﻳْﺐyang cerdik dan berakal َِ 7. Arhab : : أر َﺐyang lapang dada َ ْﺣ 8. Asad : : أ َﺪsinga (lambang keperkasaan) َﺳ 9. Asmar : : أﺳ َﺮyang berkulilt coklat, abu-abu َ ْﻤ 10. As’ad : : أﺳ َﺪyang lebih bahagia َ ْﻌ 11. Asyqar : : أﺷ َﺮyang berambut pirang َ ْﻘ 12. Asyhab : : أﺷ َﺐwarna putih yang bercampur hitam, sebutan lain bagi singa. َ ْﻬ 13. Ashil : : أﺻﻴْﻞyang asli ِ َ 14. Anis : : َ ِﻴْﺲ أﻧ yang dapat menenangkan hati dari kerisauan/keterasingan 15. Akram : : أآ َمyang lebih mulia َ ْﺮ 16. Aman : : َ َــﺎنrasa aman أﻣ 17. Amin : : َ ِﻴْــﻦyang dapat dipercaya أﻣ 18. Amir : : أﻣﻴْﺮEmir, pemimpin, yang memerintahkan َِ 19. Anwar : : أﻧﻮرyang lebih bercahaya َ َْ 20. Arkan : : أر َﺎنpondasi, pokok َ ْآ 21. Awwab : : أ ﱠابyang amat taat kepada Tuhan, julukan bagi nabi Daud َو 'alaihissalam 22. Ayib : : ﺁ ِﺐyang kembali ﻳ 23. Ayyub : : أﻳﻮْبyang banyak kembali, nama nabi َﱡ 24. Islam : : إﺳﻠﺎمkeislaman َْ ِ 25. I’tisham : :اﻋﺘ َﺎمberpegang teguh ِ ْ ِﺼ 26. Iklil : : إآﻠﻴْﻞmahkota...
Words: 5438 - Pages: 22
...First of all, let me tell you that the justice of Allah Almighty is perfect justice; it does not allow for any kind of partisanship towards the male to the detriment of the female. The Qur'an makes this perfectly clear. *{If any do deeds of righteousness,— be they male or female — and have faith, they will enter Heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them}* (An-Nisaa' 4:124) To put my answer in a framework, I find it necessary to make the following distinctions, especially in the area of women in Islam. There is a difference between: 1. A ‘popular’ narration and an ‘authentic’ narration. 2. ‘Islam’ and ‘Muslims.’ 3. Islamic ‘Shari’ah’ and Islamic ‘madhahib.’ 4. The ‘Scriptures’ and the ‘interpretation of the Scriptures.’ First, there are popular narrations that say that ‘most occupiers of hell are women,’ ‘women are deficient in mind and faith,’ ‘women are crooked,’ ‘your bad omen is in your woman,’ and so on. I can tell you with confidence that all these narration are un-authentic (or ‘weak’), whoever the narrator is and wherever they are narrated and written. Without getting ourselves in much debate and discussing who ‘out-narrates’ who, the reason behind the rejection of such narrations is that they are at odds with the Quran. Let me take one of these narrations and assess its authenticity, as an example. According to Bukhari, Abu Hurairah, narrated: ‘Your bad omen is in your woman, your animal, and your house.’ However, Bukhari also...
Words: 1495 - Pages: 6
...1. Introduction 1.1Research Context: Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country. The people of this country are sensitive to their religion. That really open the door for the banks run in accordance with Islamic rules and regulation. First Islami Bank started the banking system that runs according to Islamic rules and regulations. Then some other Islamic banks also started business. Currently some banks even the foreign bank like H.S.B.C and Standard Chartered bank open their Islamic banking section. Theses banks are doing these because most of the people of our country are sensitive to their religion. Banks want to do business by utilizing their sentiment. Different factor can lead the customer towards Islamic banking like interest is prohibited in Islam. Another factor can be people want to deposit their money in those banks that do not give loan to those businesses that is not permitted in Islam. Banks having the provision of giving interest free loan to the needy people of the society which is called ‘Quard E Hasan’ in Islam can also lead the customer to those banks. Many religious programs telecasted in different channels become very popular in our country that may also influence the customers to switch. So in this study we will identify some factor that may responsible for customer switchover to Islamic banks and try to discover whether these factors really responsible for the customer switchover. 1.2 Problem statement: Now a day’s many non Islamic banks are opening...
Words: 3554 - Pages: 15
...alchemy. It was the first time metal transmutation and modern elements were mentioned. Predictably, such explanations were based off of spiritual assumptions. For example: sulphurous water being divine water, and vapours of mercury were baptismal waters (Schorlemmer, 2). Zosimos' understanding of alchemy reflects the influence of Hermetic and Gnostic mythology. When distancing ourselves from ancient Greece and moving closer to the muslim world of 7th and 8th century A.D, a change begins to appear in alchemical methodology. The public of the time found comfort with the findings and theories of Zosimos, Aristotle and Empedocles. The findings of ancient Greece remained relevant until the late 700s. Until a prominent alchemist appeared named Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber). He proposed a new theory, the sulphur-mercury theory. Geber believed that changes in the “attraction” and “repulsion” of substances under the earth produced sulphur and mercury, two elements that, in combination, formed other metals (Kauffman, 5). At first, Geber thought because sulphur was usually found in gold mines and since mercury was extracted from crushed ore, it led Geber to believe that metals were a combination of these two substances. Geber in part, used rationalistic explanation like Aristotle and a new practice based on scientific methodology and controlled experimentation in a laboratory. Following such events, Gerber began to employ Zosimos’s drawing of distillation and sublimation machines to craft his...
Words: 1524 - Pages: 7