...panic spread across the whole country, but struck specifically hard on the West Coast. A fear almost resembling paranoia became evident in the following months. Any descendant of Japanese ancestry had to suffer the effects of this fear. In 1941 there were approximately 110,000 Japanese-Americans living in the United States, most of whom were concentrated on the West Coast. Even though 71,484 were Nisei, or American born citizens, they were subject to hostile and adverse treatment (Ropp). Opposition was openly directed at the Japanese by the press. California’s Governor Olsen and Attorney General Earl Warren fixed their attention on removing Japanese-Americans from all civil service posts, and revoking their state issued licenses from practicing medicine and law. In accordance with this, insurance companies canceled policies and markets and restaurants refused their services and displayed malicious signs such as: “We poison rate and Japs! Japs Shaved; not responsible for accidents. (Miller 311)” Extreme pressure began to grow for major evacuation. This pressure came from many different factions. Politicians, business and economic interests, and anti-Oriental organizations such as the American Legion were outspokenly in favor or resettlement. All were convinced that every Japanese-American, whether U. S. citizen or not, had the ability and/or desire to participate in espionage and sabotage for the “Empire” in case of invasion (McWilliams). In view of this public opinion...
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...The Japanese American citizens were treated very poorly in the United States well before World War 2 and the Japanese American internment. Racial prejudice and unfair treatment toward the Japanese American citizens began in the late 1800's and steadily built over the next few decades. Japanese Americans were subjected to getting land in areas where no one else wanted to be such as near power lines and on dirt or soil where it was hard to build. The Japanese Americans were also held down in the farming and mining industries by often paranoid local American competitors. The Japanese bombed the United States in Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941 which led to a national widespread fear of Japanese citizens, primarily on the west coast, carrying...
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...The internment of Japanese-American citizens during World War II is a dark and often overlooked stain on America’s history. In 1942, Executive Order 9066 was signed by Roosevelt ordering the internment of all citizens of Japanese ancestry. For a war being fought against an anti-Semitic Germany, it seems ironic now that America would intern its citizens based on race too similarly to the way Germany interned its citizens based on religion. It can be difficult to understand how a nation based the principles of freedom and liberty could intern any population of people, but by taking a look at other unethical situations in United States’ history and world history, an explanation can begin to be found in the ideas of authorization, routinization,...
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...American Citizens: Racism, Discrimination, and Identity The creation of history is an ongoing process we all participate in. According to Kristine Kuramitsu, Internment and Identity in Japanese American Art, “an ethnic community is never a monolithic entity but a group that is, by definition, connected by some set of memories and experiences.” Collective memories have shaped our identity; some people protest others choose to agree with version illustrated and perceived which best defines their relative existence. However, “with this personal identification with a community subgroup comes the threat of isolation” (Kuramitsu). The more an individual begins to recognize their heritage and embrace their origin, Gayatri Spivak, “Acting Bits/Identity Talk”, Critical Inquiry would assert, “history slouches in one’s origins, ready to comfort and kill.” The consequences of history offer to narratives, peace and equality or secondly protest and pain. In America which operates on the principle of Democracy, people and citizens believe in fundamental rights as intuitively recognizable. These provisions are grounded in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. During World War II these rights were quickly destroyed. Internment camp prisoner Henry Sugimoto and War Relocation Authority photographer Dorothea Lange’s; uncensored artwork and photography lifted the veil capturing the plight and destitute existence Japanese Americans citizens endured as a result of...
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...The Internment of Japanese Americans Josh White Sothern New Hampshire University WORLD WAR II: THE INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS The topic of Japanese American Internment during the Second World War is a very important part of American history.It happened during the Second World War when nations were against each other and after the Japanese attack on the Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, Japan automatically became an enemy to the United States thus leading to the government of the day led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 to take several measures against Japan and its origins mainly living in the United states. What followed was an executive order by the president to allow forceful removal of Americans of Japanese origin from their homes and incarcerated into camps.The government had feared another attack by the Japanese would be imminent and so they had to come up with some measures to get rid of Japanese spies that were living in the west coast. This led to one of the lowest moments in American history as these camps were an absolute human rights violation to these Japanese Americans. Most of these Japanese Americans who had been taken to these camps were actually legal American citizens thus showing that this move was based on racial stereotypes and propaganda that was being peddled during that time referring to the Japanese as less of human beings. This incarceration seriously affected these Japanese Americans leading to them...
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...United States government has compromised its citizens’ liberties numerous times in the past few centuries. The higher organization claims that it is for the safety and security of the country, but are these arrangements worth the withdrawal of freedoms? Through the ten amendments, the Bill of Rights grants each U.S. citizen the same privileges. This document is the foundation of the country and should be properly recognized in every aspect. Despite the fact that the government claims its actions are simply for everyone’s security and well being, liberties were compromised and the Bill of Rights not respected when the Japanese-American internment camps were established and the Patriot Act was written. A major important event that has been one of America’s lowest points is the creation of the Japanese-American internment camps. Over two-thirds of the Japanese-Americans living in the country were interned because of domestic, including Roosevelt’s, paranoia after the attack on Pearl Harbor. There were a few court...
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...This paper aims to compare the Japanese Yen against the US Dollar over a five year period starting from 2005 till 2010. The exchange traded fund for Japanese Yen shall also be discussed in the paper and afterwards an analysis of both the currencies shall be presented. There are different factors that influence the exchange rate differences between any two chosen currencies. The effects produced by these different exchange rates can be of quite different intensity. The most common elements that have an impact on exchange rate difference include economic factors, socio political factors and other behavioral or technical factors also. The macroeconomic factors such as growth of a country, employment rate, gross domestic product etc. All contribute in fluctuation of the country’s currency. (Adam & Vines, 2009) Exchange Traded Fund for Japanese Yen the exchange traded for Japanese Yen is more commonly called the Japan ETFS. These are a kind of exchange traded funds wherein the major assets are invested in equities that are traded on the Japanese stock exchange. The way Japan ETFS perform is dependent on two main factors which are firstly the actual performance of the equities on which investment has been made and secondly the exchange rate difference between the US dollar and the Japanese yen. The management of Japan’s Exchange traded fund is done in a passive way around an index like the MSCI Japan Index. Japan’s main stock exchange is the Tokyo stock exchange which is considered...
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...After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States government incarcerated over 110,000 Japanese-Americans and placed them in internment camps, where most of the internees were detained for an average of two to three years. Although two-thirds of those incarcerated were American citizens born in this country, the rash of fear about national security made citizenship irrelevant as any individual of Japanese ancestry, citizen or alien alike, was placed in camp. Given little more than two weeks’ notice of their removal, Japanese-Americans were allowed to take only what they could carry as they left behind homes, businesses, and personal belongings and began a trek to isolated locations in deserts or swamplands. Alienated from society...
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...In 1942, the American soil that has “justice for all” carried out an Executive order to get all Japanese Americans out of the place they called home. Reacting off of fear from the Pearl Harbor attack, on December 7, 1941 President Roosevelt created the order to create a sense of protection from America’s own citizens. Albeit most these people had come legally and only to better themselves, thing as such as racism, prejudice, and mistreatment showed throughout the United States the “Land Of The Free”. In my opinion, the reasoning behind this is not justified. As previously stated, Japanese came to the United States to have peace and prosperity. Though leaving their unstable homeland may not have been easy, they came to pursue for a life of hard work and the chance to provide a better future for their children. In the 14th amendment it prohibits states from lowering the privileges of citizens and implies that each citizen has the right to due process and the equal protection of the law. This was not applied to japanese Americans due to the fact that had a law put against them. Instead, they were forced to leave their homes and start a life worse than what they experienced in japan. Children had to face looking into their parents eyes to hopefully find answers, but only looked away with more questions....
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...The Japanese poster provided depicts a short asian man, that looks similar to a vampire. The pointed ears and fangs portray the Japanese as monsters. The man is holding a knife, perhaps to signify the presumed Japanese ‘betrayal’ of America. Additionally, there is a swastika depicted on the Japanese coat, probably used to signify the Japanese choosing the side of the Axis powers, in contrast to the allied United States. Of course, our society now sees these ‘racial stereotypes’, depicted in posters such as the one provided, as WWII propaganda used to input fear and racial prejudice towards the Japanese Americans. Many, as of today, probably see this poster as blatant racism and as a poor, offensive joke. However, within the WWII era, these propaganda posters were very effective in influencing the ways Americans viewed Japanese immigrants, or even Japanese Americans. In fact, several imprisonment camps were set in order to over-look the Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor. Additionally, Japanese Americans were prime suspects of spying and plotting attacks with the Japanese attackers. Compare this to today’s...
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...economic reasons. People consider migration only when the move benefits the family now and whether here they can still support their family in the process. Preserving and revitalizing Japantown is essential as a manifestation of Japanese American history, a celebration of current cultural expression and an inspiration to future generations about Japanese American cultural heritage. (1) - Concepts for the Japantown Community Plan, November 2000 Immigration has historically been from country of origin to a well established familiar community. For example, Japantown in San Franscisco, was created by immigrants from Japan. The migration happened around 1869. Word then spread (via the media) that San Franscisco was a place that would be “tolerant” of the Japanese influx into the area. They then moved on droves becoming know “This first generation – Issei, flocked to the area and. Cultural identity remained intact. This is because the surrounded themselves by the same culturally inspired community base. The people flourished because they were still either connected to people of like mind and they had similar goals in which they worked toward. Until 1906 it had the largest Japanese population of any mainland American city. This only changed because of the San Japantown, is still a strong community;...
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...co-workers. She teaches Intro to Computers. While interviewing her, one thing that stuck out to me was she said that she learned things about Japanese culture from her parents growing up, but that she learned it from just simply watching them. Such as, taking off shoes at the door and eating with chopsticks. These sorts of things were second nature and just a way of life. This made me think about my own life and how most things about my own culture, which I have learned, are things that I picked up at a young age by just following in my parents footsteps. Kai also spoke about how her family was very strict growing up. She compared her upbringing to the kids at our school and said they get a lot of slack and how parents seemed less involved. She felt her family expected nothing but the best out of her. This seems to be something that is pretty consistent amongst the Japanese American culture. They tend to hold careers, school and hobbies at high regards. They feel that anything you are partaking in should be done to the best possible standard. This way of thinking has translated into her classroom. She holds her scholars to a high standard and takes the proper steps if these standards are not met, with phone calls home and setting up parent conferences. Something else that I found interesting is that, even though a great number of the Japanese Culture immigrated to America in the late 1800s (McGoldrick, 2005). The still hold firm to their culture and make sure that their culture...
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...To begin, my opinion on the imprisonment of the Japanese Americans of 1941 was racist and unnecessary. The reasoning behind this is because I believe that the Japanese Americans posed no threat to our nation. Also, the Japanese race was the only race that was imprisoned because of threat even though other problems, such as the rein of Hitler and the German race against Jews could’ve likely have posed the same threat. Moving on to further reasoning, the confinement of the Japanese Americans was racist because other people that were descended from the same race posed a threat to the United States, does not mean that every single person from the Japanese bloodline are dangerous. Not to mention, over 110,000 Japanese Americans were moved to Internment camps and were kept in small, uncomfortable and unsanitary cubicles, all while enduring harsh torture from guards. Over the course of two and a half years, not a single case of Japanese sabotage or disloyalty was not recorded, proving their devotion and innocence to an even further extent....
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...justification for the government’s surveillance of Japanese American communities, which began in 1935 (Hay 23). This illicit monitoring suggests that the government’s anti-Japanese sentiment had an influence even when there was little threat to national security. Lieutenant Commander and Naval Intelligence Officer Kenneth D. Ringle was trained in Japanese language and assigned to Southern California to monitor Japanese communities (Daniels 25). He officially reported in 1941 that “better than 90% of the Nisei and 5% of the original immigrants were completely loyal to the United States” (ibid). Once Pearl...
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...Between 1942 and 1946, more than 110,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated to concentration camps after the Japanese launched the devastating attack on pearl harbor. Traditionalist historians argued that degree of threat posed posed by Japanese-American was completely unequivalent to the treatment they receive, whereas Revisionists states the opposite. The post-revisionist view, however synthesises both approaches, asserting that the Japanese-American was somewhat equivalent as they view the internment decision to be right, but think the interment conditions was too harsh. Most Orthodox historians would disagree that the degree of threat posed by Japanese Americans during the Second World War as equivalent to the treatment they...
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