...Miles Davis-Dark Prince, one of the well-known jazz trumpeter, composer and bandleader, virtuoso started in bebop, went on to pioneer multiple styles of jazz. He was born on 25 May,1926 and grew up in black middle class of East S t Louis. Before enter to the jazz society, he was study at Juilliard School of Music on 1944. His albums 'Kind of Blue', 'Bitches Brew' and 'Birth of Cool' are considered to among the best selling jazz albums in history. The album “Birth of cool” which developed the cool jazz. In this study the aim is focused on the reason that influence Miles Davis to create cool jazz and the impact of cool jazz towards the creation of Modal Jazz. As for cool jazz, we should start of with bebop era. Bebop is a form of jazz with the fast tempo, changing time signature and throbbing bass.On the top, we mentioned about that Miles Davis moved to New York City study at Juilliard school after graduation from high school, but the reason why he want to moved to New York is because there is a hottest jazz scene in the country and he could listen and learn bebop from jazz greats like saxophonist Charlie Parker, and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. When he arriving in New York, he spent most of his first weeks in town trying to get in contact with Charlie Parker, despite being advised against doing so by several people he met during his quest. On the early, he playing was sometimes tentative and not always fully in tune, unique, intimate tone and his fertile musical imagination...
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...Jevon Tyree Afromusic Response Paper 11/11/13 “Dizzy Response” Jazz has played a major role in the history of society as well as the blue’s which both allowed individuals to succeed in the prejudice discriminative years of the 1900’s. As I was reading in the article “Dizzy Atmosphere”: The challenge of Bepop by Eric Porter, I realized that the history of music and where it has evolved to is somewhat surprising. Artist such as Charlie Parker, Scott DeVeaux, Duke Ellington and John Birks Gillespie aka “Dizzy” all talented African Americans that participated in having a strong persuasive impact on society from the sound and tempo played from their instruments. As I understand, slavery was abolished in the year 1830, and I’m also aware of prejudice movements and racism was lively up to 1960’s or 70’s. To think at the time these young African American men were making moves such as being played on the radio and performing to massive crowds is very impressive. Bebop was the musical language that had a majority of everyone satisfied from what bebop had to offer which included fast tempos, discordant sounds and other different chord transactions that listeners were new to. Most importantly soloing on the frontline instruments became big and allowed artists and musicians to express themselves in a musical manor. “Dizzy” was known for his solos and skills of playing chords on top of chords with the trumpet making up his own sound and tempo. Creating new music came with audiences adapting...
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...1 Jazz Music Appreciation I Study Guide Styles: Characteristcs: Blues – Refers to the form of vocal and instrumental music and to the style of performance Ragtime – Dance hall and Saloon Music. Piano music that flourished from the 1890s to about 1915 New Orleans Style – Also known as Dixieland. Played by a small group of 5 to 8 performers Swing – Developed in the 1920’s and flourished from 35 to 45. Big Band era or Swing era. 14 to 15 performers in a swing band. 3 sections, saxophone, brass, rhythm. More composed than other Jazz Bebop – Smaller group of musicians, complex style. Often extremely fast with the beat not marked by the drums. Created to rebel against the swing era. Vocabulary Jazz – Rooted in improvisation and characterized by syncopated rhythm, steady beat and performance techniques. Blues – Ragtime – Call and response – Occurs when a voice is answered by an instrument or when an instrument is answered by another instrument. Chorus – Breaks – Briefs unaccompanied solos Riff – Short repeated phrases played by the saxophone and brass during the swing era Head – Rhythm section – The backbone of the jazz ensemble. Usually made up of piano, plucked double bass, percussion and banjo/guitar. Front line – Melodic Instruments – Cornet, clarinet and trombone. Main source of improvisation. Performers/Composers Scott Joplin – King of Ragtime. Famous composer and pianist. Known for maple leaf rag...
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...Kyle Lorenzetti 4/18/2015 Professor Chevan MUS George Benson George Benson is one of the most popular male jazz guitarists in the United States. In his lifetime, he has received 20 Grammy nominations and has won 10 Grammy awards. George Benson is known for playing his Ibanez guitar and his method of playing, which uses a rest-stroke picking technique, is similar to players of gypsy jazz. His style of playing, tone and melody is incredible. He worked with many of the jazz greats, from Wes Montgomery, Jack McDuff, Miles David, Count Basie Orchestra, Lonnie Smith and Ronnie Cuber. He performed at top places all over the world, and packed them all. His audiences were rich and poor, made up of all races, all religions and all nationalities. In fact, many of them had just one factor in common – they all loved him. George Benson is truly one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time. George Benson was born on March 22, 1943, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, the eldest son of a family of six children. His mother was an aid at the nearby hospital and the family was very poor. George lived in a house without electricity until he was seven. The Hill District of Pittsburg was filled with jazz talent at the time. There were numerous jazz clubs all over the city and little George was surrounded by the sound. He showed talent at an early age. His parents taught him to sing and at the age of 4, he won a singing contest at a local 4th of July concert...
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...The Jazz Age: Prevailing Opportunities for African Americans Thesis and Outline Thesis: The increased popularity of jazz music led to a growing acceptance of African American culture and presented African Americans the opportunity to gain social status. Introduction During the Jazz Age, jazz music, primarily dominated by African Americans before 1920, began to gain popularity among whites and transformed into an important aspect of American culture. The increased popularity of jazz music led to a growing acceptance of African American culture and presented African Americans the opportunity to gain social status. The Beginnings of Jazz music and Prevailing Opportunities for African Americans Music has always played an essential part in African...
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...The Evolution of Jazz and its Modern Influence Jazz is a music art form that was created solely in America. It is considered to be one of the most influential forms of music in American history. Not only did it originate in America but it is also one of the few art forms that have two distinctive sounds. The jazz sound is separated into classical jazz and jazz fusion (modern) jazz. Jazz is also one of the only forms of music for which college music majors are required to study several artists’ techniques as a semester course. Jazz music has been used in many forms of music in America. With all the respect that jazz has garnered around the world, unfortunately, the art form has lost popularity over the last 20 years. With the emergence of hip-hop, techno, and other music forms, young musicians of today do not find the music appealing or relevant. All the awards for jazz musicians have been moved off the national television award shows. There is also a movement to remove the jazz categories from the Grammy list completely. This paper will discuss the history of jazz, where it began, how it evolved, and its future. To understand the future of jazz, one must understand what it really is and the instruments that were combined to make the ensemble. Jazz started to form early in the twentieth century in New Orleans. At that time, the sound was called Ragtime. This sound was produced by a band that included the string bass, drums, a guitar or banjo, and a "melodic section" with one...
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...Renaissance was sparked by the Great Migration from 1919 – 1926 in which African Americans began moving to northern cities to find employment and a better way of life. The musicians of this era were very influential in renewing the culture and history of the United States. Jazz, race, and class divided Harlem and New York cities. Some historians have said the best way to understand the Harlem Renaissance is by understanding the music (http://historyoftheharlemrenaissance.weebly.com/index.html; www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/Harlem-Renaissance-1920s.html). With the roots of jazz coming from slave songs, it is truly an African-American invention. This newly formed music utilized the dissonant “blue” note. This modification to the to the standard major scale allowed the musician to play the note flat; usually the third, fifth, or seventh note of the scale. Music critic Sidney Finkelstein stated, “It expresses the hope and struggle for freedom, the vitality which enables a people to wrest joy out of misery and to assert the triumph of human beings over the obstacles that would grind them down.” ("MindEdge," 2014) Jazz was the sound of the 1920’s; with the Roaring Twenties, individuality blossomed along with the pure jazz sounds from Harlem. Nightclubs began opening in New York. Many black musicians were employed to perform in these New York nightclubs, but none were allowed admittance (Hilliard, 2014). Per Ted Giogia, “Middle-class and upper-class black families were, at best, ambivalent...
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...Jazz Gumbo Gumbo was the portrait of New Orleans; it was the birth place of Jazz in the 1800’s. It was an improvisational art form that people created because it celebrates human life and dealt with it and it became powerful. People from all over the world came to New Orleans because it was known to be the “Musical City” in America. Jazz bands played to entertain the rich folks. Slaves had to improvise to survive. African Americans were the only slaves and became introduced to the entertainment industry. In 1817 slaves were allowed to dance every Sunday in a place called “Congo Square”. New Orleans theatre that had minstrel shows and played plantation songs written by black and white song writers. Minstrel shows were the biggest way to spread music and whites painted their faces black to portray slaves. Dadty Rice was the first white man that write and performed a minstrel however, he originally he heard it from a black man named Jim Crow and named the song after him. New Orleans was forced to surrender slavery in 1862. In 1980 there were two styles of music which Jazz reach in New Orleans which were Ragtime pioneered by Scott Joplin and the Blues call and response. Ragtime and the Blues combined together made Jazz music. The Blues was could be about anything and it use to make the listener feel better not worse. This is how Gumbo can along because everyone came together and performed to tell stories. Wynton Marsalis Burns quoted “Blues was the roux in the musical gumbo that...
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...Sara Barlow Composition II M W 8:00 2/3/2013 “125th Street” Response I loved this poem, because it shows how wonderful 125th street is. With all of the similes that are used each one depicts a different feeling of 125th street. “Face like a slice of watermelon, grin that wide” (Hughes 1147). This simile shows the excitement and happiness of someone that is walking down 125th street. His style of writing interests me, because when he writes he doesn’t tell you up front what the meaning is but he gives clues and you have to read between the lines to get the meaning of the poem. Every poet has their own style but Hughes’ style puts out explanations of African-Americans, jazz music, and many more subjects that have been a portion of his life. These foundations are what inclined him, and shows it in everything that he has inscribed. He uses blues and jazz styles for themes and for construction in his pieces of literature. In Hughes' poetry, he would try to bring out the rhythms from blues and jazz music. He would also use comedy, aloneness, and misery, to copy the sound of jazz and blues music with verses. I agree with Hughes’ about 125th street, because there is so much that can be done on 125th street and you have just so much emotion. You are happy, excited, joyful, and glad to be there. Even though I haven’t been there I can tell that there is so much feeling that it overflows. In lieu of the poem "125th Street" Hughes’ in a sporadic moment is relating African Americans...
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...History of Rock and Roll Who invented rock and roll? Well, the answer is nobody. Rock music is the innovation and evolution of many different types of music from a wide variety of groups of people. No one planned rock and roll, and it took over a great deal of American culture and revolutionized popular music. Rock and roll was influenced by African American music as well as white American styles. Since the introduction of minstrel shows in America in 1840, people have created and developed many other kinds of music. Mostly originated from African Americans, swing, blues, and jazz music was an early beginning to rock music. Many musical qualities were brought with African slaves into America. Some of the qualities include improvisation, “call and response” singing, and a dynamic rhythm. They created spiritual music and blues, which later evolved into what we know today as gospel music and “rhythm and blues.” White American music is based on of folk-style songs, mostly ballads in small bands of musical instruments. At the start of the 20th century, these folk style songs became referred to as hillbilly music. The transition to country-western music began with singers like Jimmie Rodgers and Gene Autry. After World War II, soldiers returning home wanted to feel at home again. This started the era of playing music on the radio, with programs such as Grand Ole Opry, which still runs today. This genre of music used guitars, Hawaiian guitar and drums on occasion to create a new...
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... Tone color became a crucial element creating variety, continuity, and mood. New sounds on old instruments and uncommon playing techniques became the norm. Percussion instruments became prominent and numerous, reflecting the interest in unusual rhythms and tone colors. Harmony brought changes to in the way chords were treated. The traditional relationship between consonance and dissonance was challenged. New chord structures were created such as the polychord, the fourth chord, and the tone cluster. Alternatives to the traditional tonal system, known as tonality or key, governed the organization of pitch. Use of scales other than major and minor and chords other than triad were used as the central tone. Rhythm drew it new ideas from jazz, folk music from all over the world, and older European art music from the Middle Ages through the 19th century. Rapidly changing meters the use...
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...important part of life events. It was used to commemorate such major events as crowning a king, religious ceremonies, the birth of a child, and even the moment of someone’s passing. 3. The African heterogeneous sound idea was a term first described by African American composer Olly Wilson. It was a term used to describe an assortment consisting of many contrasting elements. This assortment was described as the interaction and combination of a wide variety of instruments. The degree of complexity within each assortment varied among individual African ensembles. 4. One notable aesthetic in African music is call and response. It is when a statement in music is made, either vocally or instrumentally, so that it may be responded to. The response can be the repetition of the first statement or the completion of it. This musical attribute is popular in jazz, ragtime, blues, gospel, and R&B. This is one of the many ways in which African music has greatly helped to shape American popular music. Other musical attributes derived from African music include different vocal styles (such as guttural effects, lyric improvisation, vocal rhythmization, blue notes, falsetto, metaphors and codes), rhythmic features (such as syncopation, rhythmic improvisation, the groove, swing, and body rhythm), and melodic features...
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...Juan-Carlos Formell y Son Radical at Guantanamera The group Juan-Carlos Formell y Son Radical performed Sunday at Guantanamera, a Cuban restaurant near Columbus Circle. The venue of Guantanamera provided Juan-Carlos Formell y Son Radical with a setting not unlike a typical New York jazz and dinner club; the audience members sat at the bar or a table eating dinner. A trio of musicians made up the band: the Cuban bandleader, Juan-Carlos Formell, played an electric-accoustic guitar and also provided lead vocals; Gustavo Amarante, a Brazilian, played electric bass guitar; and Jesus "Chuito" Quintero, a Venezuelan, on percussion--"Chuito" not only played the congas, but the bongos as well. The instrumentation of congas, bongos, and guitars, derived from both Afro-Cuban and European music traditions suggested the music itself may be son and would also "creatively fuse equal amounts of white- and black-derived musical features" (Manuel 43). Professor Washburne repeatedly mentioned in class the importance of actual Cubans to classifying music as authentic, and although the supporting members of the group were not truly Cuban or even from the Caribbean, Formell's heritage as "truly Cuban" and as the bandleader gave the performance an authenticity that may not exist if Formell was Puerto Rican. Formell seemed to have a unique skin tone, suggesting that he would fall under the classification of "creole" which is defined by Stuart Hall as having the "contemporary...
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...In an article, “Understanding Jazz Audiences: Listening and Learning at the Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival” Karen and Stephanie attempt to measure how Jazz audiences are influenced by a live performance at the Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival (EJBF) in 2007, and assess the role that music plays in their broader cultural and emotional lives. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of fifteen performances to observe the audiences, venues and the experiences during the festival. This research focuses on assessing the audience profile which contends their motivation to participate the festivals and the factors to attend musical events. Moreover, the researchers examine audience expectations and their experiences of jazz listening....
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...How African-American Culture Conceived Jazz Near the beginning of the twentieth century, Jazz was a new style of music being invented by African-American musicians who lived in New Orleans, Louisiana. The city of New Orleans during the beginning of the twentieth century was loaded with individuals of different ethnicities and backgrounds. Before the early twentieth century, New Orleans was colonized by the French and Spanish. When the French and Spanish colonized New Orleans, they brought with them their slaves from various regions of the African continent; mainly, the slaves came from West Africa. In the book The Story of Jazz Marshall W. Stearns states: …the various stages in the development of the slave trade had a decisive influence on what part of Africa the slaves came from... the majority of slaves came from the West coast of Africa…inter-tribal raids and dynastic wars in West Africa led to the selling of kings and priests into slavery, people who were specialists in their own tribal music and rituals (16). When the French sold the Louisiana Purchase to the United States, the slave trade existed until it was banned sometime in the early nineteenth century. However, even though the trade was banned, slavery in the United States existed until after the Civil War. Within the confines of slavery, a new tradition was made from a mix of African and American traditions. The mix of African and American traditions started when the slaves were brought...
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