...Margaret Sanger Leader in Women's Health Vickie Doscher Hampton University Margaret Sanger Leader in Women's Health The early twentieth century was a turning point in American history-especially in regards to the acquisition of women’s rights. It was a time of grave social conflict and human suffering. As Margaret Sanger found out, women, especially those who were poor, had no choice regarding pregnancy. Margaret Sanger devoted her life to legalizing birth control and making it universally available for women. Born in 1879, Sanger came of age during the Comstock Act, a federal statute that criminalized contraceptives. Margaret Sanger believed that the only way to change the law was to break it. Starting in the 1910s, Sanger actively challenged federal and state Comstock laws to bring birth control information and contraceptive devices to women. Her fervent ambition was to find the perfect contraceptive to relieve women from the horrible strain of repeated, unwanted pregnancies. Sanger's commitment to birth control evolved from personal tragedy. One of eleven children born to a working class Irish Catholic family in Corning, New York, at age nineteen Margaret watched her mother die of tuberculosis. Just 50 years old, her mother had wasted away from the strain of multiple childbirths and miscarriages. “Although she was now spitting blood when she coughed we still expected her to live on forever. She had been ill for so long; this was just another attack among many” (The...
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...Maima D. Beer English 24 Prof. Thompson Date: 7/26/12 Final Research Paper Birth Control and Its importance for Women Rights Women for centuries have been subjugated to men, and it’s hard to believe but there was a time in history in this country when women didn’t have any rights. Women couldn’t speak in public without the permission of men and were only looked to for bearing children, while taking care of the home. Throughout history women have fought for their rights with movements like the suffrage and birth control movements. The birth control unlike the suffrage movement is still an ongoing battle, even though women have the right to contraception, but many women don’t have access to because of certain state’s government have laws limiting that access to birth control. By the government controlling women’s access to birth control they are controlling the liberty for women. Birth control has been a very controversial topic and taboo since the classical period. Before one can grasp why and how birth control and the use of birth control can be controversial, one will need to understand what birth control is and the history. First, birth control should be viewed as a woman’s basic right that goes hand in hand with her first amendment right, and without any interference from the government. The all encompassing question is what is birth control? Birth control is a practice, material, or device by which sexual intercourse can be rendered...
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...than abstinence to limit the amount of children in their family. Thus, the birth control pill was developed in the 1950s and approved by the FDA for contraceptive use in 1960. Although birth control is a controversial topic, millions of women use oral contraceptive, and its effects on society are numerous (Nikolchev). Margaret Sanger is deemed the founder of the birth control movement and one of the main contributors to the development of the birth control pill. Sanger openly addressed the effects of having numerous children, for she wanted women to enjoy intercourse without worrying about becoming pregnant and understood from personal experience the complications that arise from unplanned pregnancies. Her mother had died at an early age after several pregnancies damaged her health, and when Sanger worked in a poor area of New York City, she became aware of women who desperately aborted their babies because they already had several and could not care for further children. After talking to a wealthy feminist named Katharine McCormick, Sanger agreed that a birth control pill would allow women to exercise their right to control their bodies. Thus, while Sanger continued her educational campaign about pregnancy and contraception, she enlisted the help of a former Harvard scientist named Gregory Pincus, and McCormick offered to fund his research regarding a contraceptive pill (“Great”). Pincus had been fired from Harvard due to his controversial in-vitro fertilization experiments, but...
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...Abolitionists, Equal Rights Amendment, and United Farm Workers of America; three reformation movements that occurred in America since the 1800s. Did each movement have an impact for their cause and on the United States? Yes they did, each was different and affected one aspect more than the others. They are still being fought for today. Abolitionists movements began to increase in the 1830s, and goal was the emancipation of all slaves and to end racial discrimination. From the 1830s to 1863 anti slave abolitionists such as, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglas, and John Brown led movements to end slavery and racial discrimination. One of the most effective movements began in the mid 1800s, the Underground Railroad was used to help free thousands of slaves. Harriet Tubman and other strong women abolitionists made the Underground Railroad possible. Another less invasive movement for Civil Rights was the newspaper, The North Star. Written by the former slave; Frederick Douglas. His writing talked about the injustice of slavery and the difficulties freed slaves faced, such as the following...
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...York. His book called How the Other Half Lives showed what life was like for the people living in Tenements in New York and the destitute way they went about their lives. It struck a cord with people as most journalism did when portrayed in such a blunt way. Mark Twain, a man who used his writing skills for less of a muckraking purpose and more for a humorous way. He showed life in the Progressive Era as in his novels about Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He gave America humor and a way of looking at life through the eyes of a boy to entertain and show them that not everything has to be so serious. To bring about serious change, someone must take matters sternly. Ida Tarbell was a woman who used her muckraking journalism skills to attack John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil company to be broken up. His company was not healthy for America as it created a monopoly, which hinders laissez-faire government. To fight against the manipulative evil of wealth, journalists, authors, and photographers used their art to show America what life was truly like in a direct...
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...capsule filled with a treasure trove of items that seem to remarkably symbolize the 1960’s as a whole. The items found were: a contraceptive known as “The Pill”, A Peace sign, a picture of Martin Luther King Jr., Beatles memorabilia, and a newspaper article from 1963 on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Development of oral contraceptives In 1948 with the help of a small grant awarded from the Planned Parenthood organization (Parethood, 2014) and with the assistance of Dr. Min Chueh Chang American Biologist Dr. Gregory Pincus, began working in the early 1950’s on a hormonal contraceptive (Bio.com, 1996-2013). The experiment was using progesterone to inhibit ovulation. They were later joined by a fertility specialist Dr. John Rock and began human trials in the late 1950’s. Margaret Sanger, the Founder of Planned Parenthood, Medical Director, and Vice-President of the organization was a champion of the work being completed by Dr. Pincus and his colleagues. Frustrated with the meager amount of the Planned Parenthood grant Sanger joined forces with Katharine McCormick, biologist, millionaire philanthropist, and activist who was highly involved with the Women’s Rights Movement (Engel, n.d) and was able to increase funding for further research on the contraceptive to two million dollars. These additional funds allowed the doctors to develop a stable and a safe method of oral contraception for women. Enovid was FDA approved and released in the United States in the year 1960...
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...Stephanie Thompson Weller, Worth GE 217 Sunday, February 26, 2012 Week 10/ Assignment 1 Gender Issues: Who has Faced Greater Challenges; Men or Women? Males and females both face great trials and hardships throughout their lifetimes. Although the two both endure their share of adversities, it is always harder for one gender than the other. In this country it has always been the male figures that receive special treatment and circumstance. Since the founding of our great country, The United States of America, it has been women that have faced the greater and more daunting challenges. Our ancestors founded the first American colony in 1585. Ever since that day it has been a long and tedious journey for woman as a whole. Women were expected to hold the future of our country in their hands while, at the same time, they were looked at as lesser beings (Goldberg). Women were not given the same luxuries as men, but they were made to endure much greater responsibilities as well as workloads (Buchanan). Women were expected to bare children, take care of the home, wash the clothes, farm, and cook. They were responsible for making linens and clothing, taking care of their men, and many more tasks (Goldberg). As time went on America, as a people, expanded and progressed. As a country we began to better ourselves and pave the way for future generations. One thing that remained the same throughout the years, decades, and even eras was the social status of American women (Goldberg)...
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...– 2080898 November 18, 2014 On this date of November 16th, 2325 I am writing to document the findings of a time capsule with the date inscribed on it of December 31st 1969. The time capsule was discovered in Washington, D.C. at exactly 2:36 p.m. by myself and my highly skilled archaeological team. This is such an amazing discovery. We have been taught over the years how important the 1960’s were and how they brought about many changes in our nation leading up to its present day success. Inside the time capsule we have found a newspaper article dated February 2nd, 1960 with the headline “A&T Students Launch ‘Sit-Down’ Demand for Service at Downtown Lunch Counter”. (International Civil Rights Center & Museum, 2014) The next item within the capsule was a small package labeled Enovid and appears to one of the first brands of oral contraceptives. Continuing to look further into the capsule we then found 2 tickets from the Washington Coliseum with a date of February 10th 1964 featuring The Beatles. Also included among these items was a flyer dated August 28th 1963 with the heading “March on Washington”. The last item we removed from the time capsule was a small patch with an eagle on it landing on what appears to be the moon with the words “Apollo 11”. I will now go onto write a little history on these items as well as their importance to us in the present day. In 1865 slavery ended and African-Americans were free to live...
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...Chapter 17 Ten percent plan This plan was an attractive deal for Southern people by Abraham Lincoln. It was said that that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union if 10 percent of its voters made a grave promise of reliability to the Union. RADICAL REPUBLICANS These people were members of Republican Party during the Civil War. They did an overwhelming effort to secure rights for liberated slaves during Reconstruction. The Wade–Davis Bill In 1840, two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin from Ohio and Henry Winter Davis of Maryland proposed this bill willing for Reconstruction of the South. It demanded the reliability of 50 percent people of readmitting to the union. Andrew Johnson and his plan for Reconstruction In 1864, Abraham Lincoln nominated Andrew Johnson, who was democratic representative from Tennessee, as his Vice Presidential candidate. He thought that with Johnson he would speak to Southerners who never needed to leave the Union. Black codes After the Civil War, southern states passed these laws. According to these laws, black people were insisted to live slave and do labor work “Waving the bloody shirt” In American history, the expression got acclaim with a developed event in which Benjamin Franklin Butler of Massachusetts, when making a talk on the floor of the U.S. Spot of Representatives, professedly held up a shirt with the blood of a carpetbagger whipped by the Ku Klux Klan. Comparison of US emancipation w/ other American societies ...
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...middle passage which originated during the fifteenth century. They were enslaved for approximately 400 hundred years until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Although African Americans were enslaved in America, they were determine to survive and one day be freed in this great country. During The African American’s journey to freedom several significant events took place which was inclusive of but not limited to: The Civil Rights Movement of 1865-1877, Separate but Equal Legislation (Plessy vs. Ferguson court case) in 1896, The Harlem Renaissance of 1920, Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, The March on Washington Movement of 1963, and The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970. I will discuss the significance of these events in relation to the African American journey to freedom and how they have help shape American society today. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 1865-1877 Frequently when one hears of the Civil Rights Movement we automatically think of the Civil Rights events that had taken place in the 1950-1970s. However, the Civil Rights Movement actually began in the 1860-1870s immediately following the Conclusion of the Civil War. After hundreds of years of enslavement of African Americans, the Civil War was fought with the intent to abolish slavery. The winning of the...
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...Feminism in Bangladesh: Establishing equal rights between men & women in young generation. SADMAN ANIS Students University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh ABSTRACT This is basically exploratory study and was conducted at University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh & United International University, Dhanmondi,Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of 10 days started from 1st December, 2012 to 10th December, 2010. The main objective of this study is to describe what the condition of feminism in Bangladesh and what is the thinking of our varsity girl about feminism. Total 21 respondents were selected based on age class of 18-22. Feminism is a belief in the right of women to have political, social, and economic equality with men. It is a discourse that involves various movements, theories, and philosophies which are concerned with the issue of gender difference, advocate equality for women, and campaign for women’s rights and interests. According to some, the history of feminism can be divided into three waves. The first wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the second was in the 1960s and 1970s and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements. It is manifest in a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history and feminist literary criticism. Although feminism has emerged in nineteenth in the world, it is yet unknown to women of our country. The concept of feminism in Bangladesh has...
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...Women’s Role (1865-Present) Kimberly Burrows HIS 204 Joseph Scahill February 2, 2013 Women’s Role (1865-Present) Throughout history, women have suffered fewer rights then men and are discriminated against because of their gender. Historically, a woman’s main role was to tend to the home isolated in the domestic “bubble” and to raise their children while their husbands were away at work. In this paper, I will describe the historical significance of this issue from 1865 to the present. I will explain the historical developments that presented new opportunities for women in society. I will discuss the main individuals that were involved in these struggles. To conclude, I will analyze ways in which it contributed to an “ending of isolation” while assessing the challenges involved. Even today, women still face discrimination based on their gender. However, the role of women has changed significantly which has created a lasting and ongoing increase of women's rights. The woman’s role presents a historical significance from 1865 to today for many reasons. Prior to the Civil War, women were perceived as the weaker sex and were considered intellectually inferior to men. Their freedom was limited and they had fewer rights than men. Women were expected to marry, care for their home, cook, make clothing and raise their children. According to (Manning, 2005), “Women were viewed as wives and mothers, whose economic rights were mainly to be supported by a male breadwinner and protected...
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...Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael...
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...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...
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...RITZER A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Globalization Globalization A Basic Text George Ritzer This balanced introduction draws on academic and popular sources to examine the major issues and events in the history of globalization. Globalization: A Basic Text is a substantial introductory textbook, designed to work either on its own or alongside Readings in Globalization. The books are cross-referenced and are both structured around the core concepts of globalization. 2009 • 608 pages • 978-1-4051-3271-8 • paperback www.wiley.com/go/globalization Readings in Globalization Key Readings and Major Debates Edited by George Ritzer and Zeynep Atalay This unique and engaging anthology introduces students to the major concepts of globalization within the context of the key debates and disputes. Readings in Globalization illustrates that major debates in the field are not only useful to examine for their own merit but can extend our knowledge of globalization. The volume explores both the political economy of globalization and the relationship of culture to globalization. The volume is designed so it may be used independently, or alongside George Ritzer’s Globalization: A Basic Text for a complete student resource. 2010 • 560 pages • 978-1-4051-3273-2 • paperback Order together and save! Quote ISBN 978-1-4443-2371-9 GLOBALIZATION THE ESSENTIALS GEORGE RITZER A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2011 © 2011 John Wiley & Sons...
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