...judge should be accountable for their actions. The accountability can come in different forms from mandatory treatment programs, payment of fines, community service, and incarceration. However, there tends to be a fine line between the treatment of adults and juveniles and crimes these offenders have committed. Once a person turns eighteen they are legally an adult and if that individual commits a felony crime the punishment will be a prison sentence of a period of time. On the other hand, although the law says a person is an adult at eighteen an individual’s brain development is still relatively close to how a juvenile’s brain...
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...Sullivan’s case was taken the United States Supreme Court and argued against cases of life in prison without possibility of parole for juveniles. Sullivan’s case did grant him relief, but currently he is still serving his life term. Aristotle’s Golden Mean is something to note with Sullivan’s case. Aristotle argues that the proper way to behave in an ethical or moral sense is in accordance with the mean (as stated in Banks, 2013, p, 291). Sullivan though mentally handicapped, Aristotle’s view would pose the question of what the “mean” would have been. Sullivan robbed an old woman. This would not be seen as ethical or moral. Bentham however would be looking at the people and the pain it may have caused. Banks (2013) “In other words, we...
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...Juvenile Offenders Paper Race, Ethnicity, Social Structure, and Crime/CJS/221(BSGZ1HW7T1) August 31, 2015 Race v. Crime Early in this nation, crime was mostly blame on the poor, especially the ones that were new comers to America. It may appear dangerous because of the fact that many of these individuals came from different cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds. In the late nineteenth century, each wave of immigration that brought newcomers were threatening a new crime wave. From the beginning, juvenile justice engage in class favoritism that resulted to poor children being process through the system while middle class children were excused. Poverty with dangerousness has continued until the present day. It is especially expressed with the fear of gang behavior and violence from African American and Hispanic poor children. A number of black males are committed to civility and law abiding behavior. Often they have a hard time convincing others of this, because of their skin color, age, gender, appearance and general style of self-presentation. However, young women of color, and the minority girls often grow up in the very different from those of the white females. Because of poverty and racism, which go hand in hand, these girls are force to participate in violence, drug abuse and physical abuse. They are also to be likely attracted to gang membership as well. Overall, female arrest rates tend to increase slightly compared to males. Juvenile Crime Percentage Rates ...
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...daughter from a prominent white family (hopkins) juveniles have been taking advantage because of the things they are accused of most juveniles do not even know their amendments so they're not protected by them either. Juveniles under the age of eighteen should not be tried as an adult because a prison is not parenting any child, some of the punishments are too harsh, and because of their immature brains. Prison is not a place where juveniles will actually get to learn things like people expect them to. It does not provide help like a parent would. Most juveniles commit crimes because they are probably neglected or do not have a parent role model there for them. Any role model could do so much for an adolescent because they follow the steps of that person. Young offenders often end up isolated from society because of this they choose to do foolish things. The foolish things some end up doing are joining gangs, committing robberies and doing drugs. A prison is not going to help as much with those issues. A gang member still has a connection to the outside world so them changing is a bad bit Unlikely. Prisons can not change juveniles like people think they should. If prisons help so much why are there second offers? Most juvenile offenders become second offenders because...
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... CJUS 200 Reflection Paper 12/0/2014 Liberty University Law Enforcement The reflection that I have of law enforcement in recent days has been somewhat flawed by the way law enforcement has been portrayed in the media, and in news articles. The understanding of the police system in today’s society should have improved from what it was century ago, the agenda should be enforcing the law and keeping the peace amongst the people that they serve. I’ve never had an encounter with any police, but I’ve had opportunity to know how they treat others and how they target and even profile certain ethnicities. Many times I've seen law enforcement turn the their head when crime is being committed depending on ethnicity. Today we have to many police officers utilize force to get a handle on situations and in past days they have taken their forcefulness too far. In maintaining peace the police have rules that they must follow that will not go against citizen’s rights. The system has now more opportunity, and programs. The system is now structure in a way they can best help those that are found to be in their grip. In ( Hendrix, N., & Inciardi, J. (2013). chapter 11 and 12 we see how law enforcement has evolve from the way they viewed crimes and criminals were being house and discipline. The Courts The courts system that hear the majority of criminal and civil cases, is structure much like that of the federal court system. State trial courts hear matter...
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...CMRJ316 Correction and Incarceration January 20, 2011 Abstract The general disillusion with the present punishment-based and rehabilitative approaches to crime control has created a political climate ripe for reform. A new move based on the premise of accountability and remedial has great appeal. While restorative justice seems to guarantee a distinct third alternative, the imprecise use of the emerging "vocabulary of restoration" has created as much confusion as clarity about the fundamental concepts of the new paradigm. Restorative justice has come to mean all things to all people. I agree with Walgrave and Bazemore: “A coherent definition and vision should serve as a unifying focus for reflection and experimentation among practitioners and scientists, and should inform policy makers and the public about what restorative justice is and is not” (Bazemore and Walgrave, 1999a, p. 46). Restorative justice, as a practice, has a history older than state justice does, yet the example of restorative justice has only recently begun to be expressed. Since Howard Zehr's book Changing Lenses (1990) first sketched the outlines of the restorative justice example, little agreement principles have evolved (McCold, 1998c). Recently, two competing definitions of restorative justice have been brought up. The Declaration of Leuven (1999) and a Working Party of the U.N. Alliance of NGOs (McCold,...
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...Deputy State’s Attorney (a) earnings/salary range (why is there a range? Are there any other benefits besides monetary compensation?) The median annual salary of an attorney employed in the United States by a local government was $95,950 in May 2013 (Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2013). The bottom 10 percent earned less than $51,220, and the top 10 percent earned more than $154,150 (BLS, 2013). “Lawyer salaries can range widely based on several factors such as the size of the firm, the number of employees, kind of law being practiced, location of the firm, the type of clientele served, how much the lawyer is willing to work, and amount of experience gained through law school” (lawyercareer.net, 2014) . In regards to non-monetary benefits, “local government employees typically have access to a number of major benefits in their compensation packages, including health care, retirement and savings, and paid leave” (BLS, 2011) . State and local governments tend to spend more on voluntary benefits at $13.24 per hour worked for their employees, compared with $7.66 for private-sector employers (Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2008). (b) Educational and training requirements (what does an individual need to possess and/or pass to get into this field?) Possession of a bachelor’s degree is required for admission into most law schools in the United States (BLS, 2014). Getting accepted into law school, especially those accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA),...
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...php/product/cjs-220-entire-course/ http://homeworkgallery.com/index.php/product/cjs-220-entire-course/ CJS 220 Attorney Client Confidentiality Write a 200- to 300-word response describing the concept of attorney–client confidentiality and its importance to the criminal justice system. Include a discussion of the major concerns involved in maintaining confidentiality. CJS 220 Capstone Capstone Discussion Question Post your response to the following: This course has taught the law as a “living body.” How do personalities, actions, trends, political correctness, and the moral aptitudes or ineptitudes of society influence the creation of governing laws? Do you think laws are a reflection of society or society is a reflection of laws? Explain your answers. CJS 220 Due Process Write a 200- to 300-word response describing the concept of due process, including how it applies to the criminal justice system. CJS 220 Final Write a 700-to 1,050-word paper in which you describe the appeals process. Address the following: · What is an appeal? · How do appeals factor into the overall criminal procedures and processes? · How can we improve the appeals process? Include at least one example of a real-world case that went through the appeals process. Explain why this appeal did or did not succeed. Format your paper and resource consistent with APA guidelines. CJS 220 Final...
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...Should parents be responsible for their children’s actions? Sins of Their Children: Parental Responsibility of Juvenile Delinquency The rise in crimes committed by minors has many asking the question should parents be held responsible for their children’s actions. Parents are a direct influence on their children and it is their job to teach the child right from wrong. Also, when a parent teaches a child something that is what the child is going to do when they are put into the outside world. Children learn from seeing and hearing things that their parents do and say and parents should teach their children to stop making excuses and start taking the blame for their actions. Parents are their children’s role models, “leaders”; therefore that makes them morally and legally responsible for what they do. Families, especially, parents have a direct influence on a child’s life, and play a fundamental role in forming the values of children. “The first social relationship a child encounters is with their family. This is where children have their first experiences of being treated as persons. The care and attention children receive during their early years of life affect the way they grow up and how they handle the different issues that they may come upon. This could help or discourage the way that children establish ties with people outside the family. When a child grows up in a family environment that enables their needs to be met, children usually turn out well socially and psychologically”...
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...2015 Richard Samante Prof. Martinez 2015 Richard Samante Prof. Martinez Juvenile Delinquency in Manila Juvenile Delinquency in Manila CR-21 CR-21 CHAPTER I Introduction A. Background of the study Delinquents is from the legislatic point of view the minors committing criminal act are not called criminals but delinquents. The persons under eighteen who commit violations of law are called delinquents. The penal codes of almost all the civilized nations make special provisions for the treatment of delinquents in law courts. There is a consensus among criminologists that delinquents should be reformed rather than punished. Earlier, it was mentioned that, throughout most of the world, juvenile offending has been recognized for hundreds of years. It would be logical to wonder exactly how juvenile offenders in historical times were handled. For one thing, as indicated earlier, there were, however, juvenile institutions and other procedures for handling juveniles that were created in America during the 19th (Roseheim et al. 2002). Historical accounts of the development of the juvenile justice system throughout the world indicate that before separate institutions and proceedings for juveniles were established in the 19th, juveniles were often treated as if they were small adults. Even children of royal families in England, for example, were exposed to adult situations, such as sexual activity among adults, and were thought to be ready for adult roles in society if they...
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...n The Flinders University of South Australia St liool of Social Sciences A Report on a Study of Vandalism in Two Selected Regions in Adelaide by Allan Patience Senior Lecturer in Sociology A REPORT ON A STUDY OF JUVENILE VANDALISM IN TWO SELECTED REGIONS IN ADELAIDE Allan Patience Senior Lecturer in Sociology School of Social Sciences The Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park, S.A. 5042 Australia CONTENTS Acknowledgements I II III IV V VI INTRODUCTION AIMS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY Acknowledgements This research has been funded by generous grants from the Criminology Research Council and The Flinders University of South Australia. The difficult task of interviewing (the central part of the research) was performed with exemplary sensitivity and skill by Pamela McNeil and Robyn Schutte. This report should be read in conjunction with the report by Robyn Schutte (Schutte, 1982) which is a comprehensive and intelligent reflection on part of the research. Sue Manser has coped with the onerous task of typing up an unreadable manuscript with her usual forebearance and good humour. INTRODUCTION Juvenile delinquency is - in very broad terms - the non-conformity of legally "irresponsible" adolescents to prevailing norms, customs and views on law and order in society. In the West the period of adolescence has come to be viewed as one of stress and crisis as children adjust themselves, and are required...
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...Criminology, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge; Greg Mantle is Reader in Social Work, Institute of Health and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University Abstract: This article explores the diversionary measure of restorative final warnings within the context of the youth justice system. We examine the philosophy and rationale of the new era in cautioning and discuss the potential practice implications since its implementation in 2000, under the statutory legislation within the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. To date there has been very little research or academic debate on the new system of police cautioning of youth. Additionally, as final warnings develop a greater association with restorative justice practices, we explore how this ‘pre court’ intervention has the potential to broaden oppressive and discriminatory practices within the youth justice system in relation to particular societal groups. We will begin by explaining how police cautioning of youth has changed with the implementation of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and then explore contemporary police practices and outcomes regarding youth and the restorative final warning scheme. We will highlight the conflicting nature of the new scheme which requires voluntary agreement throughout its statutory process to ensure successful completion. We will also demonstrate that the systematic implementation of final warnings has reduced police discretion and increased levels of police accountability, and that this, in turn, appears...
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...Case Study: Student With Special Needs Leslie Grand Canyon University: EDA 555 July 23, 2014 This paper is about an issue that occurred at Rec in which a male student, FL, whom is also a student with a learning disability was involved in an altercation with a classmate. As the classroom teacher began intervention, FL began to verbally attack the teacher, and then began to threaten the safety of the teacher. This paper will discuss the breakdown of the handling of this situation, and the final result, the consequence, that the student, FL was given, and the rebuttal on the part of the parent. FL is a Special Education student in a regular education classroom. FL’s learning disability revolves around reading, and reading comprehension. FL has also been diagnosed as having ADHD by a neuropsychologist. Once a week an Instructional Aide goes into the classroom to work with FL in a one-on-one method on his assignments pertaining to reading, and reading to answer questions. This is done in the general education classroom, and at other times it is done in the vacant classroom. There is a current IEP on file and the regular education teacher is well aware of the goals and guidelines spelled out in the IEP. FL is also an English Language Learner (ELL), and he is on Probation for incidences that have occurred outside of school hours. The classroom teacher had just completed her lecture and question and answer on the U.S. History assignment. While she was circulating the room...
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...In the Pursuit of Happiness RaMonica L. Whitfield Kaplan University In the Pursuit of Happiness All citizens have the unalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but what happens when a citizen commits a heinous act such as murder? Should the pursuit of their happiness be granted even though they took the life of another? Are we as a society to take their feelings into consideration and grant them the right to live their life as they wish? A major issue within the United States is the healthcare programs for inmates. One of the largest disputes when it comes to medical treatments/surgeries within the penal system is the sexual reassignment of inmates with gender dysphoria. It is reported that as of 2007 there are 750 inmates that are requesting gender reassignment surgeries (Brotheim, 2013). If polled today, some would say that a gender reassignment surgery at the tax payer’s expense is a frivolous waste of money. Some might even become infuriated at the thought of a non-law abiding citizen, one that has been deemed by society as someone who should be removed from the general public, most definitely does not deserve to receive this surgery. The states should not be liable to conduct gender reassignment surgeries for inmates with gender dysphoria, because of cost, the uncertainty that of the curability of this disorder, safety of the incarcerated offender and the moral dilemma of punishment versus privilege. Gender Dysphoria-...
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...Any child shall be excused from such Bible reading, or attending such Bible reading, upon the written request of his parent or guardian.” Edward Schempp challenged this law saying that the state should not be making Bible reading mandatory. The Supreme Court favored Schempp and declared “this type” of Bible reading in the public schools to be unconstitutional. They did however say, “It certainly may be said that the Bible is worthy of study for its literary and historic qualities.” Florey v. Sioux Falls School District This federal case dealt with Religious Holidays. The Sioux Falls school policy read, “Music, art, literature, and drama having religious themes or basis are permitted as part of the curriculum for school sponsored activities and programs if presented in a prudent and objective manner and as a traditional part of the cultural and religious heritage of the particular holiday.” However, the ACLU sued the school district over this policy, but ended up losing at both the local and federal level. The Supreme Court favored the inclusion of recognition of a holiday. Stone v. Graham This case dealt with a Kentucky law that required the Ten Commandments to be posted in each classroom. The Supreme Court stated, “This is not a case in which the Ten Commandments are...
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