...COMP90049 Knowledge Technologies (Semester 1, 2012) Workshop exercises: Week 2 1. Identify some tasks which fall under the purview of “knowledge technologies.” Contrast these with tasks that are “concrete tasks” or those that are typically considering to be in the domain of “artificial intelligence.” • Refer to lecture notes 2. What is “knowledge discovery?” Describe a process through which we might be able to answer the question “Where shall we go for dinner tonight?” using Google (http://www.google.com) as a resource. Identify the various instances of “data,” “information,” and “knowledge” encountered in your system. Why are the following poor answers (and why might they be proposed by your system)? (a) “Jeremy Nicholson’s house” • No way! (b) “Djon’s Steak and Lobster House” • Melbourne, FL, USA (c) “maze” • Closed in August 2011 3. What are “structured data” and “unstructured data?” Give examples of each, and indicate how you would handle them in a formal (computational) setting. What would “semi-structured data” be? Are any of the examples you gave actually instances of semi-structured data? In what ways is it easier or more challenging to handle semi-structured data? • Structured data: corresponds to a schema, Unstructured data: no schema • Semi-structured data: a schema exists (or could exist; consider grammar of the English language) which enforces structure (or partial structure), but some information remains inaccessible/unstructured anyway 4. Revise the following regular...
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...In the period before the Industrial Revolution, the narrowness of the recognition base of "useful knowledge" was not exceptional, it was normal. Most of the technology before 180 years was born as a result of accidental discovery, trial and error, sharp craftsmanship intuition, no one got a clue to the principle working there, and used it for production. In other words, it is the so-called "tacit knowledge". However, if the epistemological basis of technology is narrow, it is expanded, refined and new applications are rarely done. This became possible from about 180 years because the whole propositional knowledge has expanded and deepened, and the "scientific revolution" makes a great contribution to the movement through influencing the industrial...
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...meaning of science and technology is viewed in different ways. In its broad term technology is dealing with the use and knowledge of humanity’s tools and crafts. It is also a knowledge of using tools and machines to do tasks efficiently. We often use technology to control the world in which we live and it is developed to extend human capabilities. Technology is an innovation, change, or modification of the natural environment to satisfy perceived human needs and wants. we can also view technology in four aspects. First, technology is defined as technics which refer to material products of human making or fabrication. It refers to all material artifacts produced by a person or group in society. Second, technology is viewed as a technology which refers to the complex of knowledge, methods, materials and constituent parts used in making certain kind of technic. it means that not only one technology is use in making a certain kind of technic. technology is also a form of human cultural activity so it is viewed as a distinctive form of human practice like other proffesions which is pratice by technologists like mechanists and engineers. Lastly, technology as a total societal enterprise is the complex of knowledge, people, skills, organizations, facilities, technichs, physical resources, methods,and technologies that taken together and in relationship to one another are devoted to the research, development, production, and operation of technics. in this sense technology is viewed as a whole...
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...Coping with Continuous Change in the Business Environment CHANDOS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SERIES Series Editor: Melinda Taylor (email: melindataylor@chandospublishing.com) Chandos’ new series of books are aimed at all those individuals interested in knowledge management. They have been specially commissioned to provide the reader with an authoritative view of current thinking. If you would like a full listing of current and forthcoming titles, please visit our web site www.chandospublishing.com or contact Hannah Grace-Williams on email info@chandospublishing.com or telephone number +44 (0) 1993 848726. New authors: we are always pleased to receive ideas for new titles; if you would like to write a book for Chandos, please contact Dr Glyn Jones on email gjones@chandospublishing.com or telephone number +44 (0) 1993 848726. Bulk orders: some organisations buy a number of copies of our books. If you are interested in doing this, we would be pleased to discuss a discount. Please contact Hannah Grace-Williams on email info@chandospublishing.com or telephone number +44 (0) 1993 848726. Coping with Continuous Change in the Business Environment Knowledge management and knowledge management technology ANTONIE BOTHA DERRICK KOURIE AND RETHA SNYMAN Chandos Publishing Oxford · England Chandos Publishing (Oxford) Limited TBAC Business Centre Avenue 4 Station Lane Witney Oxford OX28 4BN UK Tel: +44 (0) 1993 848726 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 884448 Email:...
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...Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology Author(s): Bruce Kogut and Udo Zander Source: Organization Science, Vol. 3, No. 3, Focused Issue: Management of Technology (Aug., 1992), pp. 383-397 Summary: Carlos Ip Introduction: Why firms exist? A prevailing view is that firms serve to keep in check transaction costs from self-interested motivations of individuals. Authors said that firms do better than markets in sharing and trasnfer of knowledge of individuals and groups within an organization. Knowledge is held by individuals, but is also expressed in regularities by which members cooperate in a social community (i.e. group, organization, network). • Suggesting that firms learn new skills by recombining their current capabilties. • Growth occurs by building on social relationship existed in a firm. • Cumulative knowledge of the firm provides options to expand in new but uncertain markets in the future. Paradox identified: firm growth efforts by replication of its technology enhances potential for imitation. Authors view the central competitive dimension of what firms know how to do is to create and transfer knowledge efficiently within an organization content, • Suggest that organizations are social communities in which individual and social expertise is transformed into economically useful products and services by the application of a set of higher-order organizing princples. • Firms exist because they provide a social...
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...Teachers’ attitude was found to significantly influence intention to use technology in inclusive education classroom. This implies that there is a positive relationship between teachers’ attitude and their intention to use technology. From the direct influences attitude have on intention, it is clear that teachers who believed in the use of technology would find it beneficial to use them. It is reasonable to conclude that when teachers have positive attitudes toward inclusive education; these attitudes reinforce their intentions to use technology and consequently, lead to participation of children with special needs in the learning process. Once these children are fully engaged through the use of technology there is every reason to suggest...
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...for the relevance and utility of socio-technical theory for designing solutions to the challenges we face from managing the impact of information overload. A consequence of information overload can cause serious damage to an organization performance. Socio-technical systems theory defines systems as a collection of messy, complex, problem-solving components. This approach suggests a balance between the social and technical systems which together make up an organization. The paper suggests that socio-technical approach, purport that in order for organizations to create and store their knowledge they must consider the balance between the social and technical systems which make up an organization. Effective knowledge management is a combination of the appropriate use of technology in each stage with the humanistic use of people within the organizations. A socio-technical framework for knowledge management is therefore an appropriate way of dealing with the problem of information overload. APPLICATION OF SOCIO-TECHNICAL APPROACH IN MANAGING INFORMATION OVERLOAD Social-Technical Perspective: A solution for Managing Information Overload We live in the information...
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...systems. Information overload has an ability to cause negative effects on an organizations performance. Within, technical and social systems there are a collection of complex components that solve problems within that system. Knowledge management uses the combination and utilization of technology at every phase that is available within the organization. Social and technical framework for management of knowledge is an appropriate method than an organization can use to handle problems due to information overload. In using both a social and technical approach within an organization allows an individual to gain the most insight within their performance. The relationship between people and technology does not matter in the process of solving different performance problems within an organization. The technical system is a tool used to identify problems within the organization that affect its performance. It supports the investment of knowledge management throughout the organization and its people. In doing so, this move enhances the technology and people within the organization to be used as interface models, and IT blueprints to ensure technology is implemented. (Liu & Errey, 2006) Conducting of business is at its present day of age within information technology. Within, the work environments today, they currently have access to various tools that assist with effective communication. (Pijpers, 2010) There is enough evidence to prove how these tools assist within an organization by...
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...Course: Instructor: Date: Knowledge management Knowledge management is not a technology but a process that involves obtaining, generating, distributing and efficiently exploiting corporate information. In the present day, companies are no longer valued in terms of physical assets or revenue streams. In the contemporary business world, corporate bodies are valued based on the intellectual capital within the firm. Those who have knowledge in a company use technology to harness, analyze, develop and use information. Hence without knowledge in an organization it would be difficult to run activities within. In respect to the rapidly advancing technology, knowledge management has improved to match the rapidity of technology. Knowledge management has played a significant role in making the operations of organizations more efficient. For example, when organizations are faced with tough technological times, new partnerships and legislative regulation, the knowledge management provide support in terms of technology as well as the transfer of knowledge. In respect to capacity management issues, cost control and the environment, the knowledge management plans, and processes the innovation of technique. It has been undeniable been proven that knowledge management enhances the valuation in the stock markets and provide support in terms of growth and production of good quality products. It also inspires intellectual management for obstinate early adopters. Knowledge management is appropriate...
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...ADL 62 (Technology Management) Assignment – A ANS 1 (a) Economic analysis of technology. Economic analysis of technology deals with the evaluation of techno capitalism, technological diffusion, technology acceptance model, technology lifecycle, and technology transfer effects to the economy of a particular industry, group or country. Techno capitalism describes the changes in capitalism based on the changes in technology. Technological diffusion implies a form of 'conditional convergence' as lagging countries catch up with technological leaders. Technology Acceptance Model which deals more specifically with the prediction of the acceptability of an information system. The purpose of this model is to predict the acceptability of a tool and to identify the modifications which must be brought to the system in order to make it acceptable to users. Technology lifecycle is about the technological maturity of a product. Technology transfer is the process of sharing of skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or services. b) Technology and culture. Global organizations need to understand cultural differences if they want to successfully...
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...Chapter 1 Working Smarter, Not Harder True-False Questions | |Experts agree that KM involves transferring and sharing knowledge throughout the organization. | | | | | |Knowledge contained in documents and databases is called explicit knowledge. | | |KM is, by definition, synonymous with reengineering. | | | | | |Technology has hindered knowledge sharing. | | | | | | | | |A prosumer is an educated customer that demands more than an uninformed counterpart. | | |Based on a number of published studies, KM has had a positive impact on business processes. ...
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...Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Why Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management System Matter …………3 1.1.1 Definition of Knowledge, Knowledge Assets, Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management System ……………………………………………………………………………….3-6- 1.1.2 Evolution of Knowledge Management and milestone …………………………………………6 2. Contents 2.1 Managing Knowledge in the Digital World and organization is a vital task ………………… …7 2.1.1 Benefits and motivations of leading organizations under-taking of KMS ……………… 7-9 2.1.2 Challenges of organizations under-taking KMS …………………………………………….9-10- 2.2 Strategies of Utilizing Knowledge Management …………………………………………………10-14 2.3 Management Systems 2.3.1 Management System Structures ……………………. ………………………………………. 14-17 3. Real Case Study ……………………………………………………………. 18-22 4. Conclusion ..……………………………………………………………………23 5. Reference ………………………………………………………………………24 1. Introduction 1.1 Why Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management System Matter ______________________________________________________________________________ To open KM topic, we have a few questions want to ask you: (1) Do you have a KM system? What is Knowledge Management (2) How to start a sharing culture? (3) Is the KM system aligned with the business strategy? (4) Is there a KM solution for my organization? From the following, we will try to find out the answers for your reference. __________________________...
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...Personnel in Technology Amy Mullen TEC 401 July 16, 2012 Clyde Roberts Personnel in Technology Technology support teams are on the rise with new and improved technological advances are emerging. Effective technology support teams reflect knowledge, experience, and strong communication skills. Technology plays a major role in organization operations in today’s society compared to decades prior. The key to success in using the many forms of technology available is to train users about the technology and the operation of the devices. In this paper, I discuss the training and implementation programs in using technology, performance support and Help Desk technologies, and the relationships between coworkers as well as between support teams and customers. Training Training is the foundation of organizational success. Organizations and their employees should have knowledge of the technologies used in the workplace and understand the enhancement technological tools bring to the workplace. Unfortunately, end-user information systems (EUIS) training is not a top priority in a time it is necessary with the growing technological advances (Regan & O’Connor). Training, in essence, defined as a learning experience with a beginning and end differs from support as support implies an ongoing learning experience. Specified by Regan and O’Conner (2002), the...
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...Schilling Ch # 1 – Ind Dynamics of Tech Inno(pg 1) Definitions: 1) Technological Innovation: The act of introducing a new device, method, or material for application to commercial or practical objectives 2) Gross Domestic Product: The total annual output of an economy as measured by its final purchase price. Key Points: 1) Importance of Technological Innovation: Technological innovation is now the most important driver of success in many fields and industries. Its importance in some ways is due to the globalization of economies and also due to advances in computer designs and software technologies. Computers have made it possible to design new products easier and faster as well as produce new products efficiently and effectively. Flexible manufacturing techniques enable firms to have multiple product variations. Due to shortened development cycles and faster new product introductions, product life cycles have become relatively short. 2) Impact of Technological Innovation on Society: Technological innovation has had a positive impact on society. It enables delivery of a wider range of goods and services, improved production of food, improved healthcare and made travel and communications a lot easier. In order to view the overall impact of technological innovation on society, the GDP per capita for the world can be used. As shown in Fig 1.2 on page 5, the GDP has risen steadily over years. But according to studies, growth in labor and capital inputs could not account...
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...The first lecture was about Science and Technology and he started off by saying that science came from society for the needs of the people meaning that everything Science and Technology invented or discovered is for the needs of society. Science and Technology both have their similarities and differences. One similarity of Science and Technology is that they were both created for knowledge while one difference would be in their usage. Science is for the understanding of the natural world and technology is the action of saving the natural world. Society however is the main predecessor of both science and technology because it is society that controls and guides the forms of science and technology. To conclude, Science and Technology are not necessarily related in the sense that they can be independent from one another and develop separately. Society is the determining factor for their possible connections and science and technology have become so intertwined that they have become related. The next lecture was on The Biography of Science and the video “The Story of Science – What is Out There?” was used as reference. This was basically about how early scientists or philosophers used their technology or invented technology to expand science and help society. The documentary mainly focused on philosophers being curious about what is outside the earth and its atmosphere and building telescopes to expand the vision of the naked eye. They studied the planets and how the planets revolved...
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