...Running Header: Market Equilibration Process Paper Labor Demand and Supply Economics ECO/561 April 21, 2011 Running Header: Market Equilibration Process Paper Introduction The purpose of this paper is to relate the concepts of the market equilibrating process to a prior real-world experience occurring in a free market. The market equilibrating process will be explained and the following components will be considered in the explanation; Law of demand and the determinants of demand, law of supply and the determinants of supply, labor demand and supply. Law of Demand and the Determinants of Demand According to Economics: Principles, problems, and politics, a fundamental characteristic of demand is this: Other things equal, as price falls, the quantity demanded rises, and as price rises, the quantity demanded falls. In short, there is a negative or inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Economists call this inverse relationship the law of demand and the determinants are the “other things equal” in the relationship between price and quantity demanded (McConnell, Brue and Flynn, 2009). Law of Supply and the Determinants of Supply According to Economics: Principles, problems, and politics, the law of supply states that as price rises, the quantity supplied rises; as price falls, the quantity supplied falls and the basic determinants of supply are, resource prices, technology, taxes and subsidies, prices of other goods, producer expectations, and the number...
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...The Child with Minimum Unfair Discrimination Park University Abstract Labor law arose due to the demand for workers to have better conditions, the right to organize, or, alternatively, the right to work without joining a labor union, and the simultaneous demands of employers to restrict the powers of workers' many organizations and to keep labor costs low. It is this low labor cost that some say led to the use of abuse of Child Labor. This paper explores how labor laws or employment laws surrounding child labor have changed. Although Labor Law covers a wide variety of individual laws, all of which focus and a paper can be written on each one, this paper will be focusing on Child Labor. After centuries of incidents, courts across the nation have found that business owners have now, more than ever, the duty to inspect, maintain, and in many cases, provide adequate training to employees in regards to child labor laws. The Child with Minimum Unfair Discrimination Let’s start with the basics: What is “Child Labor”? Child labor is the employment of children under an age determined by law or custom. This practice is considered exploitative by many countries and international organizations. Child labor was not seen as a problem throughout most of history, only becoming a disputed issue with the beginning of universal schooling and the concepts of laborers’ and children's rights. Child labor can be factory work, mining or quarrying, agriculture, helping in the parents'...
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...This paper will discuss important labor laws and litigation that have empowered both the private and public sector employees with regards to an employee’s First and Fifth Amendment rights of the United States Constitution and their obligations to a labor union. The first part of this paper will discuss the Railway Labor Act and its regulation of union membership or dues as requirement of employment in the railroad and transportation industry. The National Mediation Board was established to administer union membership requirements and the collective bargaining process required by the Railway Labor Act. The second part of this paper explores the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA; Wagner Act). The NLRA is the key labor law that governs union activities and collective bargaining in the private sector in the United States (Katz, 2008). The NLRA gives private sector unions the right to organize and regulates the private sector collective bargaining process that allows unions to collect Agency Fees. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) administers the NLRA. The third part of this paper explores the individual state laws that regulate the public sector right through collective bargaining to negotiate an agency shop agreement between a public agency and its recognized union, specifically California. In California it is the Meyers-Milias-Brown Act of 1968 (MMBA) that governs public sector collective bargaining. The Public Employee Relations Board (PERB) administers the...
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...REGULATIONS PAPER State vs. Federal Regulations Paper XXXXXXXX University of Phoenix XXXXXXX MGT/434 State vs. Federal Regulations Paper Employees are protected by many federal and state laws that regulate what an employer cannot and can do. Therefore, figuring out which employment laws apply to the workforce can present a challenge because they can come from federal and state sources. The laws that are applicable to each workforce sector for employee protections depends on many factors; the number of employees, the type of business it conducts, and if it crosses state boundaries. The purpose of this paper is to examine how federal and state governments differ in their application of employments laws and will discuss an employment protection provided exclusively by a state government. State vs. Federal Wage, hour and employment laws governing employers and employees are set at the state level and the federal level. Often measurable differences between federal laws and state laws exist depending on the state the company is operating in. When this occurs, companies are supposed to comply and govern their policies to follow the laws that offer the best protection to the employee. On the federal level the agency over employment law is The US Department of Labor (DOL) this agency administers federal employment laws. In most states employment laws are administered by the states labor division. With many agencies under the DOL it has countless laws and it...
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...1 Davis-Bacon Act Elizabeth Wiedemeier Business law Kenneth Lynch (Instructor) Park University Explain what you are going to do. Will you prove a point? Will you be looking at various opposing views and weighing up the merits? Spell out exactly what you will achieve in your term paper right here. * A brief explanation of the problem * Aim of your term paper * What questions will be answered in the term paper * A brief outline of current research * Relevance of the term paper topic * The research process Introduction: Contractors bid on U. S. Federal Construction projects and most contracts for federally assisted constructions exceeding $2,000 required to pay their employees the standard wage and benefit package that workers in the area performing similar work are earning the “prevailing wage”. Prevailing Wage typically means the local union wage. In government contracting, “a prevailing wage is the hourly wage, benefits and overtime, paid to the majority of workers, laborers, and mechanics within a particular area”. The culprit of all of this is the “Davis Bacon-Act” (DBA) The act was amended several times and has been attacking by opponents claiming its racist, unnecessary, expensive and costing taxpayers and the government a lot of money. Republicans have been attacking and trying to repeal the Davis-Bacon Act on the grounds that it is outdated, expensive and bureaucratic. Their latest effort last year was claiming, the repeal will...
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...Legal, Safety and Regulatory Requirements Paper Kayla Lysak HCS 341 September 2, 2013 Paul Farber Legal, Safety and Regulatory Requirements Paper This paper will be examining the effect of legal, safety, and regulatory requirements on employee-related regulations that have been established by the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Equal Employ Opportunity Commission. It will also be addressing whether common sense and compassion within the workplace has been replaced by litigation and the importance of the Human Resource Department. Legal, Regulatory and Safety requirements greatly affect the human resource department of any organization due to the fact that they ensure all employees are treated equally and fairly. The human resource department has been established within organizations to ensure that all employees have a place to go to discuss problems and any fears they may be having. There have also been other agencies set up to make sure these things are being taken care of. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Department of Labor have been set up to make sure that no violations of employee’s rights are overlooked. The EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) was established on July 2, 1965. The EEOC is the agency that is responsible for enforcing the federal laws that are in place to ensure the illegal discrimination against job applicants and employees...
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...pay an Agency Fee? Elijah Standing Warrior PA 530 Negotiation & Bargaining in the Public Service Professor Jack McGrory April 28, 2014 Introduction This paper will discuss important labor laws and litigation that have empowered both the private and public sector employees with regards to an employee’s First and Fifth Amendment rights of the United States Constitution and their obligations to a labor union. The first part of this paper will discuss the Railway Labor Act and its regulation of union membership or dues as requirement of employment in the railroad and transportation industry. The National Mediation Board was established to administer union membership requirements and the collective bargaining process required by the Railway Labor Act. The second part of this paper explores the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA; Wagner Act). The NLRA is the key labor law that governs union activities and collective bargaining in the private sector in the United States (Katz, 2008). The NLRA gives private sector unions the right to organize and regulates the private sector collective bargaining process that allows unions to collect Agency Fees. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) administers the NLRA. The third part of this paper explores the individual state laws that regulate the public sector right through collective bargaining to negotiate an agency shop agreement between a public agency and its recognized union, specifically California...
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...Labor Relations Paper In today’s business world organizations are not as concerned with the threats of unions as in the past. Labor unions stretch deep in the American history protecting the early settlers against unfair working conditions. The work environment has changed significantly over the years; and employees’ rights are now protected by different labor laws so much that the purpose of labor unions seems almost insignificant. Organization however; must maintain a level of integrity and professionalism at all times to ensure honest business practices not only for employees, but also for customers. In this paper unions and labor relations and their effects on organizations are defined. The effect of changes in employee relations strategies, policies, and practices on organizational performance are examined; followed by a discussion on if unions are still relevant in the United States. Union Unions are organizations formed for the purpose of representing their members interest in dealing with employers (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2004, p. 461). Labor unions represent the best interest of workers and bargain collectively with the organizations to manage conflict. Unions view their roles as always needed; because of the inevitable employee and manager conflict. If an employee believes his or her interests and needs do not receive adequate consideration from management he, or she usually joins a union to have this addressed. A union not only serves to benefit...
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...ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF LAW PAPER 1 Role and Functions of Law Paper LAW/421 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF LAW PAPER 2 “The term law has been defined in a variety of ways throughout recorded history. A generally accepted generic definition of the law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having legal binding force… the common characteristic of the current state of law is that it creates duties, obligations, and rights that reflect accepted views of a given society.” (Melvin, "INTRODUCTION TO LAW," 2011) Laws are important for both society and businesses because they are reflections of the moral beliefs that people live up to. Law function to maintain social control and protects public order by resolving disputes in a peaceful manner. Constitutional laws outline what governments can and cannot do. Law in Society “American law is composed of a unique blend from various sources based on U.S. historical roots. Fundamentally, much of American law is derived from English legal doctrines that came with the English settlers of the colonies. Modern law in the United States regulating businesses and individuals is generally a combination of constitutional law, statutory law, common law, and administrative (regulatory) law at the federal, state, and local levels. These sources of law are known as primary sources of law and may sometimes work in conjunction with one another or independently.” (Melvin, "SOURCES...
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...of unionization is considered as the basic right of each employee, and the government has made the relevant guidelines for the organizations, to provide, and protect this right of the employees. The labor union helps the employees to group and discusses their relevant concerns. In the group activity, the employees can raise their concerns regarding any decision taken by the management of the company, and this way they can represent the interests of the employees among the management level decisions. In the perspective of the management, profit maximization is the primary concern, and for this objective they may even overlook the fundamental rights of the employees. Hence the government of the United States of America has ensured that the employees are provided the platform and the legal support to participate in the organizational unions. General Motors is one of the most iconic American automobile companies, which employs more than 200,000 employees throughout its global network. The management of the company has ensured that the important employee rights are protected, and the laws relating to the labor rights are identified, in the foreign markets. The company has operational existence in more than 157 countries worldwide, and these countries consist of diversified laws relating to the activity of union formation. Even though the company has existence in multiple markets in the global context, the senior management has formulated a very flexible and dynamic organization...
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...Policy Analysis III- Compare and Contrast Paper Brandy Alston University of Phoenix Criminal Justice Management Theory and Practice CJA/464 Professor Leroy Hendrix October 10, 2013 Policy Analysis III- Compare and Contrast Paper The reason for policy analysis reflects around the assessment of policies from the government by critiquing the failures and successes. The United States implement several policies to deal with criminal activity and social issues, for instance The United States Human Trafficking Policy, this policy is not a successful one but this policy is steadily improving with sustainable reform. The criminal justice system practice the model of Packard’s Due Process, established with the promise form the United States Constitution for individuals civil liberties and rights. This paper will evaluate the issues that courts and law enforcement deals with while working and implementing prior polices. United States Human Trafficking Policy Human trafficking is a tough crime to identify, because of the existence and the transnational nature of an increasingly sophisticated arrangement in assisting organize crime. Trafficking in person is most productive agency in international crimes. According to the United States Justice Department (2001), International Labor Organization predicts that 17,500 individuals are trafficked annually in the United States. The United States had numerous legal advantages to stop human trafficking, mainly using...
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... | | |Employment Law | Copyright © 2009, 2007, 2006, 2004 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of federal statutes and state-regulated areas that affect the personnel function. Among topics addressed are EEO and affirmative action, OSHA, ERISA, FMLA, and ADA; employee privacy issues (polygraph testing, drug and alcohol testing, employer searching and monitoring); and wrongful discharge. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Bennett-Alexander, D. D., & Hartman, L. P. (2007). Employment law for business (5th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: The Legal...
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...Child Labor: An Unrecognized Global Issue Abstract There is much knowledge that needs to be gained globally about child labor. Society needs to find ways to increase awareness in this matter. History has shown that child labor was almost necessary for the survival of families through hard economic times. The concept of children rights brought major change to the outlook of child labor. Children have the same large scale rights as adults do. Conventions have been established in place to protect the right of children here in the United States. Although our government has many laws in reference to child labor other nations do not recognize it as problematic and so it continues. In other countries children are being exploited by employers. These children are stripped of their right to have an education, a prosperous childhood, and of other rights. It can affect a child’s health and development. The objective of the following research paper is to raise awareness of the worldwide child labor issue and summarizes what is being done to help battle the issue. Introduction: Any issue that involves the abuse of young children is a sensitive matter. Images exist of children enduring maltreatment and abuse in different work settings. Child labor has been a long existing nationwide issue and although it is seen as a form of child abuse by many there are those that see it as a norm. Cultures in foreign nations believe that by placing a child in money paying work conditions...
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...considered for a company developing CSR are the environment, ethics, organizational viability and legal considerations. The business of Protective Coatings will be reviewed in these areas and recommendations will be given to help the business in their efforts to be socially responsible. A1. Environmental Considerations and Recommendations Protective Coatings is a small independently owned business involved with applying protective coatings for a large variety of businesses whose applications reach into the industrial, private and public sectors. It is necessary for Protective Coatings to integrate environmental concerns into their business’s economic plan in order to remain successful. Protective Coatings operates within the legal limits of laws and regulations but the business ha no formal written policy on addressing environmental issues and could benefit from developing a program, which addresses environmental responsibilities. The first recommendation would be to develop a Code of Environmental Conduct. A code of conduct puts a business’s environmental...
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...Discuss how employers can exist without unions but unions cannot exist without employers. 3. Identify reasons why workers unionize. 4. Discuss why unionization is declining in the United States. 5. Analyze the difference between the public sector labor relations and private business. Introduction to this week's topics: Labor relations is the set of processes and activities unions and employers develop and use to clarify, manage, reduce, and resolve conflicts between employees and their representatives while accommodating the various goals of each. The practice of labor relations is governed by contracts negotiated by and agreed to by both parties. Contracts are renegotiated periodically to take into account changing goals and objectives of both parties and changes in the economy and society. Within larger employers that operate several establishments, labor relations will differ depending on what is produced in each establishment and whether different unions represent employees in different establishments. Employers would like complete freedom to alter the terms and conditions of employment in their workplaces, as necessary, to maximize returns on investments and achieve organizational goals. While labor is somewhat mobile, with workers able to move between employers as opportunities occur, it is less mobile than financial capital. They would like to reduce the risks associated with employment - particularly the risk that their employers will radically change...
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