...GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF “LAW” Name: …………………………………………………… Matrix No: ………………………… QUESTION 1 TRUE – FALSE: Answers T. F | 1. | Far from being remote, law affects every citizen at many points in his life. | T. F | 2. | “Law” is an English word that can be used in one specific way and capable of being defined precisely or adequately. | T. F | 3. | In its general usage, the word “law” is used only to express the sense ofabsolute certainty about the occurrence of a certain phenomenon. | T. F | 4. | In today’s modern period, owing to their individualistic as opposed to communal existence, human beings no longer need one another. | T. F | 5. | For centuries jurists and lawyers have come up with an accepted definition of the term “Law” or “to show what stands as law”. | T. F | 6. | The various major legal systems of the world today are closed categories. | T. F | 7. | The distinguishing feature of the Common Law legal system is that the rules of law are codified. | T. F | 8. | The Civil law system has its origin in France during the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte. | T. F | 9. | The origin of the Common law system can be traced in the practice of the early American settlers. | T. F | 10. | The “inquisitorial system” is the feature of the Civil law, while the “adversarial system” is the Common law. | T. F | 11. | United...
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...Understanding Social Change Social change has two overarching mechanisms in which to work with: changing laws and changing hearts. By changing laws, a governmental body can change a law in a way that allows for social change on the basis of legality. This can be thought of as a top down, or institutional approach to social change, because institutions, made up of comparatively few people that wield greater legal power, can mandate social rules for a much larger majority that wield significantly less power. In contrast, the people can come together and change their views as a group, and thus foster social change by changing themselves. Thus, bottom-up, or people-based approach, describes this method of social change because one group of people...
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...do create and develop the law. Nowadays, law is not strange with all people. Similarly, almost people know the importance of judges. However not at all people can understand clearly how judge impact on creating and develop law. The purpose of this essay is providing some clear information and helping some people recognize the role of judges. To understand the role of judge, people should know who judges are or what they do. Firstly, judges are people who supervise a court of law. Exactly, the role of a judge depends on what country that judge works in, and what kind of court they preside over. Judges must be fair and honest. They must make decisions and give guidance based on the most authentic to the law, even if he or she does not personally agree. Because of this, the job of a judge is very important (Kagan, 2010). Next topic is the role of judges in creating law. With the assumption that the positive law has limits and sometimes the judges are supposed to expand its borders, people must understand what a positive law is, why it has limits and why and how a judge can change the and expand the law when it is necessary. The positive law mean the law that is sanctioned by the Parliament and Legislature, produced by legitimate and democratically elected representatives, systematized and accepted by the society. In democratic societies and countries, this law is a result of the work of elected officials and it reflects the political and social goodwill of the majority of...
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...is, and target particular groups because the term reasonable person is subject to interpretation. The act is an example of how the law can inadvertently reproduce marginalization due to the conception of equality and equity. The Safe Streets Act represents equality because it applies to all individuals in society. However, the act is not equitable because it affects certain groups more then others. For example, the social structures in society do not force rich individuals to panhandle in order to survive. Additionally, extremely poor individuals are depicted as dangerous....
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...Examine the ways in which social policies and laws may influence families and households. Some sociologists have suggested that social policy has caused families to become more diverse while others disagree. Social policies are the laws and practices put in place by the government that effect social issues, in this case the family. For example, in the 1930’s the Nazi government in Germany wanted to encourage Aryan families and put in place policies that involved sterilising certain groups to prevent them from having children. More recently in China they have a one child policy, if individuals have more than one child the government have put in place a series of penalties try and control their population. In the UK sociologists are interested in if social policy has caused families to become more diverse or different. One way in which families have become more diverse is an increase in same sex families. This is lesbian and gay couples living with children. Social policies that can be linked to this type of family diversity are laws to do with homosexuality in the UK. For example, in 1967 male homosexuality was legalised in the UK this has made homosexuality more socially accepted; this would allow gay couples to start a recognised family. However, other social policies have made same sex families even more accepted. For example, in 2002 the UK adoption laws were changed to allow gay couples to adopt children and create a family unit. Furthermore, in 2004 the Civil...
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...Future Trends Impacting Public Administration Introduction Excellent public administration and management of public entities has always been the major responsibility of public officials and administrators of public funds. Throughout the years, the public administration has encountered many challenges and changes that impact the overall society. As the world evolve into new alternatives as is technology and changes in public policy, the administration of such evolves and changes as well. This paper intent to provide the reader with future trends and social changes impacting public administration as well as future public policy challenges for public administration. Future Trends Technology - The implementation of technology in organizations as in public agencies have helped developed many strategies in order to provide services even faster. Technology have also helped through the Internet to connect organizations, computers and users throughout the world. “Mexico recently introduced an advanced system of electronic tendering and procurement, and Korea is launching an electronic system for processing applications which will allow applicants to monitor any movement of their case over the internet” (Wolf, 2000, p. 690). Automation of services if properly implemented will increase overall services provided to the public. But even though technology provides with advances to improve overall services in public administration, it is also noted that provides with alternatives...
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...P6 - Describe how political, legal and social factors are impacting upon the business activities of the selected organisations and their stakeholders All businesses and corporations will face external factors that impact the business activities and stakeholders of a business. These factors of changes can be political, legal, and social within the business environment. Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. These decisions can affect businesses as well as the working economy. For example, a new legislation or a regulatory change of policies from the government will affect business activities. Social factors relate to changes in the behaviour, tastes and lifestyles of communities on a local, national and international scale. In a business, it is important for the marketing department to take account of the various social characteristics of the consumer groups for their target market. Legal factors relate to the laws, regulations and legislations which affect the way a business functions. For example, common law for business balance prohibits paying a little and getting a lot. I will describe how political, social factors impact upon Tesco and Bank of China. Political factors of Tesco Tesco have political factors that affect their business activities. For example, political stability for the national economy in this case the government such as the government make decisions in the best interests of the people and should support businesses....
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...Though laws often change, ethical principles remain constant and do not change over time. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Medium LO: 04-01 Page: 108 In studying the relationship between ethics and law, it is important to understand that neither laws nor ethics are fixed principles that do not change over time. Ethical beliefs change as time passes. | | 2 INCORRECT | | Stakeholders have a claim on a company because when they buy its stock or shares they become its owners. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy LO: 04-02 Page: 110 Stockholders have a claim on a company because when they buy its stock or shares they become its owners. | | 3 INCORRECT | | When applying the moral rights rule, managers should choose the course of action that best protects and upholds their personal rights. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Medium LO: 04-03 Page: 119 Managers should choose the course of action that best protects and upholds the rights of all stakeholders. | | 4 INCORRECT | | Trust, the esteem or high repute that people or organizations gain when they behave ethically, is an important asset. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | |...
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...The Future of Social Security Paula Allen COM 156 December 11, 2010 Joy V'Marie The Future of Social Security Social Security will not meet the needs of the younger generations in retirement because the depletion of funds in the Social Security trusts. The age requirement is predicted to rise to 70 by 2037 for those who can draw full benefits. There are people who survive on their monthly benefits from Social Security, but how long will it be before they cannot live on this amount of money? Under current laws and program benefits, the future of Social Security is unstable unless changes are made. Once the trust funds are exhausted, the funds do not have the ability to borrow money to keep paying benefits to those who receive them. So, what can the government do to protect the future of these trusts and ensure their stability for the future? The minimum age to start drawing Social Security is 62, but to draw full benefits a person must be 66. The current age to draw full benefits is 66 and will change to 67 soon because of the Social Security Amendments of 1983. The majority of American people are waiting to a much later age to retire than in the past. The younger generation of today may not be able to draw benefits until they are 70. Whether people retire early or late, the amount of benefits will equal about the same. Some people may believe that Social Security will meet their needs in retirement. If a person pays in the maximum amount of money, then he...
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...I. The case for change 1. Adult social care is a construct of the law. Its intrinsic elements, including the responsibilities of those who commission and provide care and support, the range of support available and the rights of people who use care and support, are defined by the law that underpins it. Well-crafted legislation makes a fundamental difference to the ease of implementation on the ground and the clarity provided for professionals and the public. 2. Unfortunately, the current legal framework is anything but well-crafted and has been roundly criticised as opaque, complex and anachronistic. Over 60 years, a patchwork of legislation has grown and evolved. There are well over a dozen existing Acts of Parliament and there is much overlap and duplication between the various statutes. In addition to the primary legislation, there is a vast array of regulations, directions, circulars and guidance. The net result is complexity and confusion for those who have to navigate through the law – including social workers, care users and carers. 3. The Law Commission acknowledged this problem and conducted a three-year review into social care legislation. In May 2011, it published its report with 76 recommendations for reform to Government. 3 As part of its review, the Law Commission completed an Impact Assessment and this document draws heavily on their analysis. 4 The Government has published its formal response to the Law Commission alongside the Care and...
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...Gender and Social Change in the Middle East: The Islam and Women Phenomenon Written By: Amelia Ramraj Arguably the most heated, widely discussed and controversial topic in gender and social change with respect to a cultural context is the state of women in the Middle East and the role that religion plays as a primary source for further derived influences of politics, economics, legal and family affairs to the social situation as a whole. This social stratosphere of revolving and intricate subjects of change and progression represent a multitude of conflicting ideologies, theories and realities. The media serves as an informational anchor, particularly in its portrayal of social situations and change, primarily divided into Western and Eastern media. The broader subject at hand is gender and social change in the Middle East, but specifically, how women, as the primary subject of the gender discussion, and Islam, as the foremost engine to drive the social scene across the Middle Eastern peninsula co-exist to create an unprecedented dynamic in the Middle East. This research paper will attempt to progressively reveal and discuss related subjects in order to create a transitional framework for a relevant understanding of the gender and social dynamic of the Middle East. As an outline, this paper will begin by briefly discussing the global role of women from a gender and sexuality perspective. It will then analyze how such roles are portrayed and what movements exist in order...
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...Berkeley Journal of International Law Volume 26 | Issue 2 Article 5 2008 Corporate Governance as Social Responsibility: A Research Agenda Amiram Gill Recommended Citation Amiram Gill, Corporate Governance as Social Responsibility: A Research Agenda, 26 Berkeley J. Int'l Law. 452 (2008). Available at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bjil/vol26/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals and Related Materials at Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Berkeley Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact jcera@law.berkeley.edu. Gill: Corporate Governance as Social Responsibility: A Research Agenda Corporate Governance as Social Responsibility: A Research Agenda By Amiram Gill* In the post-Enron years, corporate governance has shifted from its traditional focus on agency conflicts to address issues of ethics, accountability, transparency,and disclosure. Moreover, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has increasinglyfocused on corporate governance as a vehicle for incorporating social and environmental concerns into the business decision-making process, benefiting not only financial investors but also employees, consumers, and communities. Currently, corporate governance is being linked more and more with business practices and public policies that are stakeholder-friendly. This ...
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...MADD, Impact on Social Policy Jacqueline Boyd BSHS 355 February 12, 2014 Pam Harris MADD, Impact on Social Policy The impact MADD has had on social policy is history breaking. Mother Against Drunk Driving has changed the laws regarding drinking and driving throughout the United States. MADD changed the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcohol. MADD has made the laws stricter; including more fines and punishment for breaking the laws. MADD has become one of the nation’s largest agencies to help improve assistance for families that have lost loved ones to drunk drivers. The organization has made historical changes in laws and legislature. MADD, Impact on Social Policy Mothers Against Drunk Drivers has made a significant impact on our society today by bringing changes in our drinking and driving laws. MADD, more commonly referred to, has implemented a change in drinking age and mandated strict laws for people who break these laws. From a simple outcry by the founder of MADD, this organization has grown to service millions. MADD was originally founded by Candy Lightner in 1980 after her 13 year old daughter, Cari was struck from behind and killed by a drunk driver. The driver had three previous drunk driving violations and had been involved in a hit-and-run accident and arrest two days before the incident involving Cari. One of the most effective leaders was Rebecca (Beckie) Brown from New Port, Florida. Rebecca became involved in MADD after her son Marcus...
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...While it is true that disobedience often causes social progress, it is not always the most practical method with which we can protest unjust laws. In situations where other methods of protest have proved to be ineffective, civil disobedience can sometimes be the only way with which we can change unjust laws. A quintessential example of this is how Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus, even though African Americans had to give up their seat to white Americans during that time period. During this act of civil disobedience on December 1, 1955, Parks refused to move to the “colored section” on the back of the bus when the whites-only section of the bus was filled. By refusing to give up her seat, Parks protested against the segregation laws during this time. Because other forms of protest against the...
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...major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997). An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework....
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