...THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A DIVERSE WORKFORCE WITHIN NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS SERVING OLDER ADULTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE by Valdes J. Snipes Bennett A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Capella University June 2006 UMI Number: 3226208 Copyright 2006 by Snipes-Bennett, Valdes J. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 3226208 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © Valdes J. Snipes Bennett, 2006 Abstract It has been theorized that the leadership style (LS) of a leader/manager in nonprofit organizations is important to effectively motivate employees to work together in achieving goals. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between leadership styles, organizational culture (OC), and organizational effectiveness outcomes (OEO). The relationship study applies data collection and scoring procedures developed by Bass and Avolio. The correlation between independent variables of transformational, transactional and passive/avoidant leadership styles and the dependent variables of transformational and transactional OC, and OEO variables of effectiveness, satisfaction...
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...on the foundation we help them to lay down today. Also, the future condition of our society depends on our children, who will become the leaders of tomorrow. Therefore, because of the total roles of primary school head master one can rightly regard them as important builders of our future generation. Head masters in primary schools occupy vital position in the administration of the school, and in moulding the lives of children. They are individuals who have unique ways of carrying out their job. The peculiarity of an individual human being is manifested in perception. Communication, attitude behavior and intelligence. Therefore, the leadership style of any primary school headmaster affects the working situation positively or negatively which may result in god or poor performances of the children (pupils) in the school. The degree of relationship between the headmaster and teachers determine the effectiveness of leadership of headmaster. According to (NPE 3:14) the objectives of primary education are: 1. The inculcation of permanent literacy, numeracy and ability to communicate effectively. 2. The laying of sound basis for scientific and reflective thinking. 3. Citizenship education as a basis for effective participation in and contribution to the life of the society. 4. Character and moral training and the development of sound attitudes. 5. Developing in the child, the ability to adapt to his challenging environment. 6. Giving the child opportunities for developing...
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...This paper compares two studies dealing with leadership strategies in work-related settings. Although the settings vary, the study of management approaches and job satisfaction are similar in each. Charles Emery and Katherine Barker’s article, “The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel”, assess the effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on job satisfaction and the accountability of customer service personnel. The research suggests that some styles of management, such as transformational leadership, may be more effective in the dedication of customer service employees. Daniel Koys’ article, “The Effects of Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Turnover on Organizational Effectiveness: A Unit-Level, Longitudinal Study”, addresses the issue of whether business outcomes are influenced by employee attitudes and behaviors or vice versa. In addition, the researchers concentrate on organizational citizenship as well as employee turnover. Each research study in this paper will be addressed as Article 1 and Article 2 respectively throughout this paper. Comparison of Research Questions Both of these topics examine employee outlook and job gratification in the workplace as well as the impact employees have on customer mindsets and business outcomes. In article 1, transformational leadership and its relationship with employee attitude...
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...Learning Team Leadership 1 Learning Team Leadership Evaluation Thomas Hong, Ph.D., Arpad Szurgyi, Ph.D., Dawn Dobson, Ph.D., Stephanie Smith, Ph.D., David Benson, Ph.D., and Tim Halton, Ph.D. University of Phoenix Organizational Diagnosis and Intervention June 16, 2008 Learning Team Leadership Learning Team Leadership Evaluation The global economy, geographically distributed organizations, and increasingly rapid technological changes have added a level of complexity that has changed the nature of business interrelationships. Managerial self-awareness and personal reflection play an important role in the leadership development process (McCarthy & Garavan, 1999). The 360-degree feedback process, multisource assessments, and personality inventories are useful in the context of leadership development (Church & Bracken, 1997; McCarthy & Garavan, 1999). Selfassessment and personal reflection are valuable tools in achieving personal and professional 2 growth and success. The challenge, however, is that self-assessment is oftentimes a difficult task due to the subjectivity of personal perceptions of strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this essay is to report out on the assessment of the leadership styles of individual team members and identify the most important areas for improvement. The essay commences with a discussion on the criteria used for the selection of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as a self-awareness leadership instrument. The essay continues...
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...Behaving Intelligently - Leadership Traits and Characteristics By Kristina G. Ricketts, Community and Leadership Development Most individuals would consider these people to be some of the greatest leaders of all time. In the early 20th century, leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people great leaders. Common thoughts of leadership back then suggested that leaders were born and not made. These perceptions originated out of an observation that many great leaders possessed something out of the ordinary—natural, inborn characteristics that allowed them to excel above the rest. This perception translated into limited opportunities for leadership among the common people, as they were not endowed with these “special” leadership characteristics. However, research did not end up supporting this hypothesis and came back disappointingly negative. Researchers compared leaders and followers and looked for obvious differences. Even after comparing aspects such as IQ, personality qualities and personal characteristics, no consistent trends were found. As mentioned above, effective leadership often relies upon certain traits held by the leader. So leadership effectiveness is based upon the working relationship between the leader and other group members. Individual Differences Framework (IDF) states that leadership can be defined relatively straightforwardly as influencing people towards a shared goal. Determining that effective leadership was about much more than...
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...Differ in Their Behavior and Effectiveness? Gina M Ragans Thomas University – MBA 601 November 3, 2013 Research over the last 30 years, specifically as it relates to whether gender impacts leadership effectiveness, has been broad and multi-faceted. Although, women represent fiftyone (51%) percent of the population and forty-six (46.5%) of the work force, they hold less than three (3%) of executive level positions in large Fortune 500 companies (Wan Ismail, 2012). Unfortunately, these percentages have not changed significantly in the last 10 years. While there is a general consensus among researchers that women encounter more barriers than their male counterparts when trying to climb the corporate ladder, there is much less consensus around men versus women’s behavioral and/or social patterns once they attain leadership positions within a company (Mohr, 2008). The question this literature review attempts to answer is how leadership styles are different between men and women and is one more effective than the other. The title of one research study says it all - Women “Take Care,” Men “Take Charge” (Prime, 2009). Historically, women have served in caregiver type roles (e.g. Teacher, Nurse, Fashion Designer) while men traditionally held more “take charge” roles (CEO, President, Armed Services). As women have expanded to other non-traditional roles, it has been difficult for them to overcome the stereotype that women are more effective at leadership roles that focus on nurturing...
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...their leadership effectiveness? Discuss. Contingency approach, also known as situational approach, is a concept in management stating that there is no one universally applicable set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. Organizations are individually different, face different situations (contingency variables), and require different ways of managing. Contingency Approaches to leadership Effectiveness: Researchers using the trait and behavioral approaches showed that effective leadership depended on many variables, such as organizational culture and the nature of tasks. No one trait was common to all effective leaders. No one style was effective in all situations. Researchers therefore began trying to identify those factors in each situation that influenced the effectiveness of a particular leadership style. Taken together, the theories resulting from this research constitute the contingency approach to leadership. These theories focus on the following factors: 1. Task requirements 2. Peers’ expectations and behavior 3. Employees’ characteristics expectations and behavior 4. Organizational culture and policies In contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. The effectiveness of a given pattern of leader behavior is contingent upon the demands imposed by the situation. These theories stress using different styles of leadership appropriate...
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...educational level, position and length of time working for the current organization had significant main effects on organizational climate; specialty, enterprise character and enterprise size also had significant main effects on organizational climate; organizational climate had significant main effects on human resources management effectiveness such as turnover intention, job satisfaction and work efficacy; organizational climate also had significant main effects on organization effectiveness like staff members’ organization commitment and collective identity. Keywords: Organizational climate, Human resources management effectiveness, Organization effectiveness 1. Introduction Research on organizational climate can be traced back to the 1930s. With the human relations movement pioneered by Hawthorne, researchers turned their attention from the “hard” physical environment to the “soft” psychological environment; thus the concept of organizational climate was born. The first researcher to initiate studies in this area was Kurt Lewin, the founder of group dynamics (1939). In his famous "leadership style" study, Lewin applied three different leadership styles, democracy, autocracy and laissez-faire, to...
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...HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, LEADERSHIP STYLE AND PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS LISA A. WEINBERGER DECEMBER 2003 Swanson & Associates 168 E. SIXTH STREET, SUITE 4002 ST. PAUL, MN 55101 Lisa Ann Weinberger 2003 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 Background and Purpose of the Study...................................................................... 3 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................... 7 Limitations ................................................................................................................ 8 Background of the Field Setting ............................................................................. 10 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................. 12 Summary ................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2.......................................................................
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...structure and culture is the method of marking the company general behaviour. When the behaviour is identify, the easier step for the leader to manage and control the company to achieve goal. Then the leadership style and approaches to management come to identify more to workers behaviour that the leader need to concern. In this task, there are two companies which are MYDIN and AirAsia as both run the business differently in term of product and services. MYDIN is one of the supermarkets which is very popular n Malaysia while AirAsia is well-known as the popular low-cost airline service in the world. To differentiate between these two companies, leader of the company has different leadership style, organizational structure and culture. Company`s organizational structure will create the working style of the workers and the leader will set it up and make a culture for the self-image of the company. After set up the entire basic one, the leadership style is important to make sure the style is suitable with the structure and culture. Suitability will make the company performance increase better and all the workers social and motivation are safe. To study about these two companies, there is the need to relate various theories and finding to identify the structure and leadership in this case. Task 1 1.1 Once the decision has been made to begin a retail venture or setup a business company, it is important to plan its organisational structure in a manner that maximizes efficiency...
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...Research Project: Leadership & Coordinators in Education CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Most educational institutions in Lebanon are private for-profit organizations. However, because of their nature, they are social as well as economic organizations. They are responsible for educating an entire generation of workers, entrepreneurs, and politicians. This means that the educational system is responsible for the social and economic well-being of our entire country. Therefore, the success of these institutions is vital to our society, and any problems they may face must be identified and solved in order to better our economic and social status as a nation. Now, research on the role of subject coordinators in schools and universities has shown that this role can influence the successful implementation of the school’s vision which, in turn, will influence teacher performance and student results. The fact is that subject coordinators are a link between administrators and teachers thus making them essential players and leaders in implementing the school vision in the classroom, leading to a generation of students that are brighter and more prepared for the economic and social workplace. Sadly, the role of subject coordinators has been very unclear and vague, even in the West where Education research is ahead of most other parts in the world. This ambiguous role leads to confusion in implementing an academic agenda preparing smart and well-prepared students. Reviewing modern research, it...
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...| Organizations and Behavior | A Theoretical Perspective | Muhammad Ariful Islam 01-Aug-12 | Contents Introduction 3 1. Understanding of Different Approaches to Management and Leadership 3 1.1 Comparison of Effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations 3 1.1.1 Autocratic Leadership Style 3 1.1.2 Democratic or Participative Leadership Style 4 1.1.3 Free Rein Leadership Style 4 Table: 1 5 1. 2 The Best Suited Leadership Style in this Scenario 5 1. 3. How Organisational Theory Supports the Practice of Management 5 1.3.1 Classical Theory 5 1.3.2 Neoclassical Theory 6 1.3.3 Contemporary Theory 6 1.4. An Evaluation of Different Approaches to Management Used by Different Organizations 6 1.5. Organisations that Adopt Different Approaches of Management 8 2. Understanding of the Ways of Using Motivational Theories in Organisations 8 2.1 The Impact of Different Leadership Style on Motivation in the Periods of Organizational Change 8 2.2 An Effective Leadership Style Can Help to Achieve Organisational Objectives 8 2.3 Comparison of the Application of Different Motivational Theories within the Workplace 9 2.4 ‘Motivation can Increase Employee’s Performance’- A Justification with Argument 9 2.5 The Usefulness of a Motivation Theory for Managers 9 3. Understanding of the Mechanisms for Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations 10 3.1 The Nature of Groups and Group Behaviour Within Organisations 10 ...
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...Organizational Behavior An Evidence-Based Approach Twelfth Edition Fred Luthans George Holmes Distinguished Professor of Management, University of Nebraska Me Graw Hill Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto Contents About the Author Preface v PART ONE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Evidence-Based Consulting Practices 1 iv Organizational Behavior Case: Conceptual Model: Dream or Reality? 30 Chapter 2 Environmental Context: Globalization, Diversity, and Ethics 31 1 Learning Objectives 31 Globalization 31 Diversity in the Workplace 34 Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach 5 Learning Objectives 5 The Challenges Facing Management 6 Undergoing a Paradigm Shift 8 A New Perspective for Management 10 Evidence-Based Management 12 Historical Background: The Hawthorne Studies Reasons for the Emergence of Diversity 35 Developing the Multicultural Organization 38 Individual Approaches to Managing Diversity 39 Organizational Approaches to Managing Diversity 41 Ethics and Ethical Behavior in Organizations 46 47 The Impact of Ethics on "Bottom-Line " Outcomes 13 The Illumination Studies: A Serendipitous Discovery 13 Subsequent Phases of the Hawthorne Studies 14 Implications of the Hawthorne Studies 15 Research Methodology to Determine Valid Evidence...
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...Organizational Behavior An Evidence-Based Approach Twelfth Edition Fred Luthans George Holmes Distinguished Professor of Management, University of Nebraska Me Graw Hill Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto Contents About the Author Preface v PART ONE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Evidence-Based Consulting Practices 1 iv Organizational Behavior Case: Conceptual Model: Dream or Reality? 30 Chapter 2 Environmental Context: Globalization, Diversity, and Ethics 31 1 Learning Objectives 31 Globalization 31 Diversity in the Workplace 34 Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach 5 Learning Objectives 5 The Challenges Facing Management 6 Undergoing a Paradigm Shift 8 A New Perspective for Management 10 Evidence-Based Management 12 Historical Background: The Hawthorne Studies Reasons for the Emergence of Diversity 35 Developing the Multicultural Organization 38 Individual Approaches to Managing Diversity 39 Organizational Approaches to Managing Diversity 41 Ethics and Ethical Behavior in Organizations 46 47 The Impact of Ethics on "Bottom-Line " Outcomes 13 The Illumination Studies: A Serendipitous Discovery 13 Subsequent Phases of the Hawthorne Studies 14 Implications of the Hawthorne Studies 15 Research...
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...the theories that connect certain emotional aspects, personality traits, behaviours and preferences with leadership styles and leadership effectiveness. Recent literature Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a term that was created by Salavoy and Mayer and was defined as: “a type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one's thinking and actions” (1993, 433). This concept was further developed by Daniel Goleman (1998) who describes EI as a set of social and emotional competencies associated with performance, health and success. Goleman’s biggest contribution is a model known as “Competency based” which comprises affective abilities and cognitive skills that are distinct from abilities measured by traditional IQ tests. This EI competencies are: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and social-relationship management. (Goleman 1998) Norwack (2012) refers to a newer-generation approach called “Trait based” model (TEI) which is a result of a mix of previous models: Personality based, Competency based and Mental ability. This model enumerates four aspects of EI: sociability, self-control, well-being and emotionality. Petrides- Perez Gonzalez-Furnham (citied by Smith et al. 2013) express their agreement with TEI model saying that self-perception of own emotions is essential to be able to develop and implement successful coping strategies when confronting...
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