...There are several different approaches to studying leadership and with determining what makes a good leader. Throughout this paper, I will discuss the trait approach, the skills approach, and the style approach. I will also discuss how each approach relates to me personally based on the results of the questionnaires provided in “Leadership: Theory and Practice” by Peter Northouse. I will begin with the trait approach. According to Northouse, “the trait approach is concerned with which traits leaders exhibit and who has these traits” (p. 40). The trait approach also helps people to learn about themselves. It helps to clearly outline strengths and weaknesses which will enable the manager to learn how he/she can be a better leader (Northouse, p.40). I completed the Leadership Trait Questionnaire and I was surprised with the results. I have always prided myself on my communication abilities and my work ethic. I have also always felt that I am an outgoing person and easy to get along with. After having colleagues rate me based on the questionnaire and comparing my responses with them, there were some surprises to me. My colleagues did rate me highly in articulation, determination, trustworthy, friendly and dependable. I also rated myself highly in these categories as well. The surprises to me were with the traits of self-assured, outgoing, and self-confident. I rated myself higher than the average of my colleague’s ratings. I can use this information going forward to help enhance...
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...Miriam Devine June 6, 2013 MGT 231 Topic #10 James Cameron 1. James Cameron is an extroversion; outgoing personality, active and assertive. He is conscientiousness; a strong sense of purpose, achievement-oriented, dependable and persistent. His openness to experience; an inventor, imaginative and very intelligent. Regarding emotional stability; He is very secure in his self. He is a visionary. Willing to take risks to accomplish the task. 2. Cameron and the 5 traits of organizational behavior a. Locus of control; He has internal locus of control. He is a perfectionist and enjoys taking risk. b. Self-efficacy; He is an inventor and innovator. He confident about his ability to complete tasks and is very success. c. High self-esteem; He keeps going when things get difficult. Strong belief in one’s self and abilities. He is known to be dictatorial and displays a fiery temper. d. Self- monitor; He can be insensitive to others; less concern about what others think of him; Confident in is ability to get the job done. e. Emotional Intelligence; His emotional detachment gives he the ability to be more focused and determined regarding the risk he takes in being innovated, creative and controversial. 3. At first Fox, didn’t want to take the risk of making the film due to high cost of the technology involved. Fox gave Cameroon $10 million so that he could show proof of his concept. After, the Fox executives saw the 3D screening, they were...
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...are conducive to the success of their leadership. Sometimes those behaviors may be abnormal or part of a syndrome like psychopathy. Other times behaviors are considered normal according to personality ratings. Taken together these behaviors can be characteristics found in an effective leader. In addition, behaviors of an effective leader can be categorized into three themes of personality traits, personal leadership styles, and leader self-identity. While not all behaviors are conducive to effective leadership, all the above themes are vital to the development of successful leaders of the past, present and future. The shared themes were synthesized from three articles all of which discussed the effective leader. First, the Odom, Boyd, and Williams (2012) article, “Impact of Personal Growth Projects on Leadership Identity Development” whose purpose was to explain the importance of personal growth in the identity of self for potential leaders of the future. Next, “Fearless Dominance and the U.S. Presidency: Implications of Psychopathic Personality Traits for Successful and Unsuccessful Political Leadership” written by Lilienfeld, et al (2012) whose purpose was to explore psychopathic personality traits that are present in effective leaders in the business and political world. Finally, the purpose of the last article written by van Eeden, Cilliers, and van Deventer (2008) called “Leadership Styles and Associated Personality Traits: Support for the Conceptualization of...
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...| TRAIT APPROACH | STYLE APPROACH | CONTIGENCY APPROACH | Description | * Trait Approach: one of the first systematic attempts to study leadership * “Great Man” Theories (early 1900s)Focused on identifying innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great social, political, & military leaders | * Emphasizes the behavior of the leader * Focuses exclusively on what leaders do and how they actPurpose: explain how leaders combine two kinds of behaviors to influence subordinates in their efforts to reach a goal. * Task Behaviors - help group members to achieve objectives * Relationship Behaviors - help subordinates feel comfortable | * Effective leadership is contingent on matching a leader’s style to the right setting * Assessment based on: * Leadership Styles * Situational Variables * Leadership styles are described as: * Task-motivated (Low LPCs) Leaders are concerned primarily with reaching a goal * Relationship-motivated (High LPCs)Leaders are concerned with developing close interpersonal relationships * Leader Style Measurement Scale (Fiedler)High LPCs = Relationship-motivated Low LPCs = Task-motivated | Strengths | * In the leadership process, the traits approach highlights the leader component * The trait approach is that it has a credibility due to a century of research support * Deeper level understanding of how leader/personality related to leadership process * The trait approach provides benchmarks for what...
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...Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Business Management LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONS Name: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan Student ID: 23045438 Word count: 3596 Module Leader UK : Janette Hurst Module Leader Singapore: Jasmine Puah Table of Contents Introduction 3 Trait Approach to Leadership Theory 3 Advantages of Trait Approach 4 Disadvantages of Trait Approach 4 Situational and Contingency Approach 6 Fiedler’s Contingency Theory: 7 Advantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Disadvantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Harsey-Blanchard Situational Leadership 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model 12 Transformational Approach to Leadership 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transformational Approach to Leadership 15 Similarities of different approaches 15 Differences of Different Approaches 16 Conclusion 17 References 19 Appendix 22 Appendix 1: Zaccaro’s Model to Trait Approach 22 Appendix 2 : LPC Scale 22 Appendix 3: Fielder's Contingency model 23 Appendix 4: Harsey and Blanchard Situational Model 23 Appendix 5: Transformational Approach to Leadership 24 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss different approaches to leadership. Different approaches to leadership have been described using different models along with charts and tables to provide a better understanding on each model. It also states the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and how the disadvantage...
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...they have leadership. Whether he or she is a leader or employee has leadership who can be a leader. Since leadership is a process and it include influence (Northouse 2012). Different approaches define different style of leadership. There is no any perfect leader in the world. The so-called gains will lose, every approach of leadership have their pro and con. Actually, every approach of leadership may have some same point in it. Observation carefully, you will know each leadership has their special thing and it influence themselves and their follower directly or indirectly. Definition of three theories Trait approach In the leadership research history, trait approach is the oldest approach and is a first leadership approach attempts to study. Until 1940, people believe leader’s ability is born, so they can be a leader, instead of train by acquired. Therefore, many researches focus on internal. Stogdill (1974) list 10 traits that leader should have. For the reason that you want to find a leader, it just to find the people whose trait can fit your job require. However, it hard to define trait and there must have more than 10 traits can act in concert with leader. In addition, it is hard to train or develop a people who do not have those trait that they to be a people who having those trait. Different people hold different traits and the traits will not be same. In the selection process, it is hard to find a good leader. Transformational leadership theory In...
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...Four Models of Leadership Lisa S. Patrick University of Phoenix Four Leadership Models There are theories that suggest characteristics, behaviors and relationships that inspire and create effective leaders and followers within organizations. The Trait Leadership Model, Behavior Leadership Model, Situational Leadership Model, and Charismatic Leadership Model provide assumptions built on theories from approaches that incorporate characteristics, leader behaviors, outcomes affected by situations and how leader relationships inspire change in an organization. Differences and similarities exist among these approaches and may address some of the contemporary leadership and challenges in organizations. Trait Leadership Model The Trait Model examined specific traits researchers believed were associated with leadership and focused on the innate characteristics that make good leaders. This body of research included theories that “leaders were born and not made” (Clawson, 2006, p. 379) in the “Great Man” Theory of Leadership. Kouzes (2003) believes that to view a few men and woman as innate greatness is wrong and that heroes do exists in organizations. Other Theorists like Stogdill’s Leadership Traits, Maccobys Leader, and John Gardner’s Leaders noted characteristics believed to make great leaders. Stogdill believed leaders were strong, task-oriented, confident, handled stress, and accepted responsibility for actions were qualities of a good leader (Clawson, 2006; Clemers...
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...1.2. LEADERSHIP THEORIES – FROM GREAT MAN THEORY TO TRANSACTIONAL THEORY A review of the leadership literature reveals an evolving series of 'schools of thought' from “Great Man” and “Trait” theories to “Transformational” leadership (see table). Whilst early theories tend to focus upon the characteristics and behaviours of successful leaders, later theories begin to consider the role of followers and the contextual nature of leadership. * Great man theories. This theory is based on the belief that leaders are extraordinary people, born with innate qualities, destined to lead by nature. The utilization of the term 'man' was made by purpose since until the latter part of the twentieth century leadership was thought of as a concept which is primarily male, military and Western. This first approach led to the next school of Trait Theories. * Trait theories - The lists of traits or qualities associated with leadership exist in abundance and continue to be produced. They draw on virtually all the adjectives in the dictionary which describe some positive or virtuous human attribute, from ambition to zest for life. * Behaviourist Theories - These concentrate on what leaders actually do rather than on their qualities. Different patterns of behaviour are observed and categorised as 'styles of leadership'. This area has probably attracted most attention from practising managers * Situational Leadership - This approach sees leadership as specific to the situation in which...
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...Final Exam BUS520/Leadership and Organizational Behavior • Define leadership. Discuss the reasons as to why leadership plays a critical role in the field of Organizational Behavior. Compare and contrast the following leadership theories/styles: 1. Trait Theory 2. Path Goal Theory 3. Transformational Leadership 4. Autocratic Leadership Leadership is the process of influencing others and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives (Schermehorn, Osborn, Uhl-Bien, Hunt 12th Edition 2012). In our day-to-day life, leadership can be viewed as either actual or potential. Leadership is an important function of management, which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals. A leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the policies and plans to the employees from where the work actually starts. A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in motivating employees with economic and non-economic rewards. A leader not only supervises but also plays guiding role for all employees to help them perform effectively and efficiently. Strong leaders have the ability to encourage and nurture those that report to them. They are also able to delegate in such a way, as people will grow. Leaders are looked at as role models that lead by example. ...
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...LEADERSHIP Leadership is "the behaviour of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group towards a shared goal". (Hemphill and Coons, 1957, p.7) Put more simply, the leader is the inspiration and director of the action. The Leader is the person in the group that possesses the personal skills that inspire others to follow in a specific direction. In business, leadership is largely attributed to performance. The main aim objective of leaders is to increase the company’s sales or market share. Many people tend to confuse the definitions of leadership and management. Kotter (1990:103) argues that management and leadership are “two distinctive and complementary systems of action”. Whilst leadership involves coping with complexity, management involves coping with change. In order to better understand the complexities of leadership one should compare and analyse the various leadership theories. In this essay we will further investigate four of the relative leadership theories, namely; Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Behavioural Theory and Participative Theory. The Great Man Theory assumes that the qualities needed for leadership is inherent – that great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term "Great Man" was used because, at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership. Historian Thomas Carlyle had a...
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...Leadership Meaning of Leadership Leadership is an important function of management. It is the key to effective managerial performance. Organizational performance depends on the quality of leadership. According to Stephen Robbins: “leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals”. According to Hersey and Blanchard: “leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts towards goal achievement in a given situation”. Meaning of Leadership can be categorized into two categories: i. leadership as process: As a process, leadership uses its influence of position to direct, motivate and coordinate the group activities to achieve the organizational goals. ii. Leadership as a property: The property concept of leadership believes that leaders possess basic characteristics or traits. Leaders to influence the group activities successfully, use these characteristics. This view considers leadership as a part of one’s personality. Importance of leadership: The importance of leadership can be: 1.Goal Determination: leadership provides vision, mission and direction. It is concerned with establishing goals for the organization. It integrates goals of the individual and the organization 2.Environmental adaptation: leadership is innovative and change oriented. It adapts the organization to the dynamic changes in the environment. 3.Task focus: leadership gives close attention to planning and organizing of task...
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...This paper will compare and contrast trait and situational approach leadership theories, the development of the theories and how effective each are in organizations. This paper will compare each approach, some of their research history and the challenges they faced in the past and the challenges they may or may not face in the future. The trait approach is the oldest theory that have been researched by numerous researchers. The situational approach consist of two elements that focus on leadership style and the development of subordinates. The strengths and weakness of each approach will also be compared and constrast. Contrast and Comparison: An examination of Trait and Situational Leadership Approaches There are over 200 definitions for leadership that have used since the 1900’s. The ability to impress the will of the leader, acts by persons which influence other persons in a shared direction, and do as the leader wishes are a few definitions that were used during the 1900’s (Northouse, 2013). Today, leadership is defined as a process that involves individuals or groups to reach a common goal (Northouse, 2013,). It’s motivating and persuading people to obtain a desired result through communication and influence. Leadership is also defined as a process that happens between a leader and a follower (Northouse, 2013). During the 20th century, researchers belived that there were natural born leaders who were born with the “trait” to lead. They believed these individuals...
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...I. Introduction Leadership has gained more attention of researchers from the whole world. Leadership is needed to corporations because it could bring extra assets to organizations and increase the line of bottom ultimately. There is a wide variety of theoretical approaches to analysis the complexities process of leadership. The essay will introduce three main leadership approaches: Trait approach, Situational & Contingency approach and Transformational approach. These approaches have their similarities and distinction. Compare and contrast these three research strands and critically discuss what they contribute to our understanding of leadership effectiveness. Discuss with example to indentify how I understand about these approaches by using real organization and how they work and help the organizations more efficiency. II. Three Leadership Approaches 1. The Trait Approach As one of the earliest theories of leadership, Trait approach suggests that certain individuals have special inborn characteristics or qualities which support people to be leaders, and that it is these qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders. (Northouse P.G 2013) Personal attributes or characteristics of leaders, such as physical and personality trait, competencies and values are the key ideas of trait approach. (Gardner. J.W 1989) Self-confidence, intelligence, ambition, perseverance, assertiveness, emotional stability, creativity, and motivation such a list of characteristics is...
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... 06 5. Description 07 6. Advantages and Disadvantages 14 7. Suggestions 16 8. Present and Beyond 17 9. Reference 18 Leadership: Leadership is the process by which a manager directs guides and influences the work of others in attaining specified goal. Leadership involves 1) Exerting influence over other members of a group 2) Helping a group achieve its goals. Leadership and management are two terms that are often confused. John Kotter of the Harvard Business School argues that “Management is about coping with complexity. Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans, designing rigid organization structures, and monitoring results against the plans. Leadership, in contrast, is about coping with change. Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles." Robert House of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania basically concurs when he says that ‘Managers use the authority inherent in their designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members. Management consists of...
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...A Definition of Leadership A traditional definition of leadership: Leadership is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. Three important parts of this definition are the terms interpersonal, influence, and goal. · Interpersonal means between persons. Thus, a leader has more than one person (group) to lead. · Influence is the power to affect others. · Goal is the end one strives to attain. Basically, this traditional definition of leadership says that a leader influences more than one person toward a goal. The definition of leadership used in this course follows. LEADERSHIP is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. (Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, NUTS! Southwest Airlines' Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, Bard Press, 1996, p. 298) Three important parts of this definition are the terms relationship, mutual, and collaborators. Relationship is the connection between people. Mutual means shared in common. Collaborators cooperate or work together. This definition of leadership says that the leader is influenced by the collaborators while they work together to achieve an important goal. Leadership versus Management A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the...
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