...critical care nurse and many other certifications. Here we discuss the two basic levels of nursing the Associate degree in Nursing (ADN) and the Bachelors of Science in Nursing (BSN). ADN programs prepare technical bedside nurses for secondary care settings, such as community hospitals and long-term health care facilities. (Creasia 32). ADN is the base, the foundation of nursing education. Associate level education educate the nurse the basics of science and human body and their relevant illness and disease. It provides with the knowledge of various diseases and their treatment. Basic clinical skills like taking vital signs, listening to lung sounds and bowel sounds, checking pulses and different methods of medicating the patient are few skills that a nurse learns at an associate level. Baccalaureate level of education in nursing is advanced learning after associate level which incorporates knowledge of evidenced based practice, trains to think critically, patient advocacy, professionalism, management, health promotion and leadership. These level trains and educate nursing with advanced clinical skill to work in critical care setting. The knowledge is more advanced along with broader aspect to work under pressure and act smartly in...
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...10, 2013 Learning the signs of respiratory distress: Children who are having a difficult time breathing often show signs that they are not getting enough oxygen, indicating respiratory distress. Below is a list of some of the signs that may indicate that your child is not getting enough oxygen. It is important to learn the signs of respiratory distress to know how to respond appropriately. • breathing rate An increase in the number of breaths per minute may indicate that a person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen. • color changes A bluish color seen around the mouth, on the inside of the lips, or on the fingernails may occur when a person is not getting as much oxygen as needed. The color of the skin may also appear pale or gray. • grunting A grunting sound can be heard each time the person exhales. This grunting is the body's way of trying to keep air in the lungs so they will stay open. • nose flaring The openings of the nose spreading open while breathing may indicate that a person is having to work harder to breathe. • retractions The chest appears to sink in just below the neck and/or under the breastbone with each breath - one way of trying to bring more air into the lungs. • sweating There may be increased sweat on the head, but the skin does not feel warm to the touch. More often, the skin may feel cool or clammy. This may happen when the breathing rate is very fast. • wheezing A tight, whistling or musical sound heard with each...
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...communicating verbally through imitation and listening. Speech starts to become automatic and people put sounds and syllables together fluently and are able to understand other people with little or no conscious thought. Sometimes people struggle with language and they feel isolated because they are surrounded by people who use language as a second nature. Individuals can struggle with speech because they have congenital birth defects, physical, psychological, brain, vocal tract damage, or they have problems learning the phonological system. Because of this people have...
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...What is Asthma? * A long-term lung disease that causes swelling in the airway * Causes wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing Overview * The airway is made of tubes that carry air into and out of the lungs that help us breathe * In people with asthma the airway can become smaller, making it harder to breathe, which is an asthma attack * Asthma cannot be cured and even a person feels fine, they still have asthma and must be careful Swollen airway vs. Normal Airway Triggers The following items can cause an asthma attack * Dust * Pollen from flowers and trees * Animal Fur * Cigarette Smoke * Air Pollution * Chemicals * Medicine such as aspirin * Respiratory illness such as a cold * Physical activity such as exercise Diagnosis and Testing To diagnose asthma a health care provider will ask and perform some of the following: * Family history * Allergies * Physical Examination: listen to breath sounds, check the nose and throat for swelling * Lung Function Test: this measures how much air a person can breathe in and out * Allergy Testing Treatment Asthma cannot be cured, but the goal of treatment is to control it. Below are some treatments that a health care provider suggest. * Inhaled Corticosteroids- inhaled medications that helps with the long-term treatment of asthma * Inhaled Short Acting Beta2-agonisits-inhaled medications that act very quickly for...
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...Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also referred to as COPD is the name that identifies a group of lung diseases. These diseases consist of bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory asthma. An individual can have COPD for years and not know it. When the disease is in the early stages the symptoms are not completely mature and are barely discernible. As the disease matures and progresses the symptoms become more noticeable. Although millions of individuals are living with COPD, this disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States; and smoking, second-hand smoke, air pollutants, occupational dust, chemicals, and genetics are factors that can cause the disease for which there is no cure; however numerous treatments are available to help live an active and healthy life (COPD Foundation, 2010). Many people who have COPD are undiagnosed with the disease. Undiagnosis could derive from several reasons, which may include no health insurance, afraid to seek medical attention, or belief that the symptoms are of another illness such as a cold that will not go away. However, most cases of COPD are undiagnosed because of a lack of education concerning the disease. Many communities and employers fail to educate the public concerning diseases like COPD.I was surprised to find that the Dobbins...
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...Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also referred to as COPD is the name that identifies a group of lung diseases. These diseases consist of bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory asthma. An individual can have COPD for years and not know it. When the disease is in the early stages the symptoms are not completely mature and are barely discernible. As the disease matures and progresses the symptoms become more noticeable. Although millions of individuals are living with COPD, this disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States; and smoking, second-hand smoke, air pollutants, occupational dust, chemicals, and genetics are factors that can cause the disease for which there is no cure; however numerous treatments are available to help live an active and healthy life (COPD Foundation, 2010). Many people who have COPD are undiagnosed with the disease. Undiagnosis could derive from several reasons, which may include no health insurance, afraid to seek medical attention, or belief that the symptoms are of another illness such as a cold that will not go away. However, most cases of COPD are undiagnosed because of a lack of education concerning the disease. Many communities and employers fail to educate the public concerning diseases like COPD.I was surprised to find that the Dobbins...
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...protocols will guide recommendations, and assessment parameters will be described. Follow up care and self-management options for Mr S will also be explored. Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs. It is characterised by airflow obstruction and lung inflammation (Johnson, 2010). Asthma symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and cough (Johnson, 2010). Potential triggers for asthma include allergens, viral respiratory infections, irritants, stimuli such as cold air or exercise and gastro-oesophageal reflux (Estes et al, 2013). Airway obstruction in asthmatics is variable and reversible. However poorly managed asthma can leave lasting structural changes in the cells and tissues of the lower respiratory tract, resulting in airway remodelling and permanent fibrotic damage (Kaufman, 2011). There is currently no cure for asthma, therefore the disease needs to be managed (NACA, 2014). Pathophysiology and assessment parameters It is important to understand the underlying pathophysiology of Mr Saunders’ presentation to fully appreciate the meaning of clinical values and assessment parameters. This ensures that meaningful clinical care recommendations can be made (Estes et al, 2013). Oxygen is delivered to the body via the lungs and into the blood through breathing. Airway inflammation and obstruction restricts the amount of oxygen being delivered to the body, and will therefore decrease the level...
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...accumulates in his lungs. The nurse had me take his vitals and it was shocking for me to discover that his respiratory rate was 44 breaths per minute. This patient was certainly far more complicated than others in long term care. I was able to compare the patient’s current condition both before and after draining his chest tube. The nurse drained 1000 CC of fluid and the patient lost nearly 2.5 from this. Additionally his respiratory rate went down and his breath sounds improved. This...
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...Bronchitis (also known as a chest cold) is a disease in which the bronchial tubes leading to the lungs become inflamed, leading to coughing and shortness of breath. When learning about bronchitis, it is important to know how the lungs function. When a person breathes, the diaphragm (located between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity) goes down, bringing air into the lungs in a vacuum. The lungs are the organ that brings oxygen into the body and send carbon dioxide out. This process is known as gas exchange, or respiration. Inside the lungs, the two main branches called bronchi split into smaller tubes called bronchioles. There are thousands of bronchioles within each lung. These bronchioles each end with bunches of sacks filled with...
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...This discussion question is based on a case study. As in all case studies, review the facts of the case and consider the various steps of the nursing process in order to address the critical thinking questions. Case Study: D.Q. is a 57-year-old male who worked in a water treatment plant for many years. He also smoked heavily for approximately 30 years. He has been diagnosed with COPD. During an extremely hot summer, he arrived at the emergency department in severe exacerbation of the COPD. The patient’s heart rate is 123, blood pressure is 163/90, respiratory rate is 34, oxygen saturation is 86% on 2 L NC, and temperature is 37.5 celsius. In preparation for discussion, consider the following process points before posting to the threaded discussion: 1. The drugs you should expect the provider to order for the patient 2. The rationale for each drug you anticipate the provider will order On the discussion boards, respond to the following: 1. What patient teaching would need to be provided for a patient taking each of these drugs: a bronchodilator, a glucocorticoid, and an expectorant? 2. What medications do you anticipate the physician ordering? Why? What are the potential side effects and/or complications of these drugs? Using the nursing process, describe your expected assessment, nursing diagnosis, plan of care, implementation, and evaluation of the patient. Compare and contrast your plan of care with that of your fellow colleagues. Why did you choose your actions...
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...identify Logical Fallacies? By: Tabitha Harris American InterContinental Online University July 16, 2013 Abstract This purpose of this paper is to identify and explain what literature experts call Logical Fallacies. This document will include reasonable vocabulary, logical definitions, and sound examples of how to and how not to include these fallacies into your writings. There will be some suggestions made to assist with recognizing and examining some of the logical fallacies located within the writings of others, as well as in your own. By the end of this paper, your thoughts will be enlightened, and your knowledge of logical fallacies stronger, whether you’re a reader, writer, or just someone looking to learn. How do we identify Logical Fallacies? Logical Fallacies are arguments or false statements that appear to be true, when in fact, they’re not. Logical fallacies can also be accurate and are used to pursue someone to accept a single thought or feeling. People use logical fallacies to prove a point and to support reasoning behind a thought. There are different types of fallacies that I will go over in this paper. Fallacies often dilute arguments and by learning to recognize them in your own writing helps boost your ability to identify them in others’ writings, as well. This document will point out and explain key fallacies to look for in your writings and literature in general. (Career Education Corporation [CEC], 2010) LOGICAL FALLACIES: * Mere Assertion:...
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...professionals | Possible use | 1 | American lung associationhttp://www.breathing.orgAmerican association for cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitationhttp://www.aacvpr.orgThe national Jewish medical and research Centrehttp:www.national jewish.org | The purpose of above resources is to provide information to health care professional information on chronic pulmonary diseases, some treatment options and available links.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Anatomy of the respiratory system consists of two parts: includes upper respiratory tract consists of nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and trachea.The lower respiratory tract consists of bronchi. Bronchioles and alveoli(neighbors, m, &tanehill,.,j 2006)Causes of chronic pulmonary disease:Long term exposure to lung irritants for example smoking, air pollution, chemical fumes, dust (U.S. Department of national lung and blood institute).Statics on COPD diseaseChronic pulmonary disease claims approximately 118, 171 people annually this number increased to 127,000 in 2005, recent studies indicate COPD could be the leading cause of death by the year 2020 in the Unites States of America( American lung association 2004). Men and women are 12-13 times likely to die from chronic pulmonary disease respectively (American lung association.)Diagnostic testingchest examinations using a stethoscope, listen to lungs sounds like a paper being rumbled. Bronchoscopy is a procedure to look into lung passages, placing a probe on middle finger or...
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...| 1. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE | Congestive heart failure is when you heart muscles doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. | 2. LEFT PLEURAL EFFUSION | Left Pleural Effusion is a buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity. | 3. NONCONTRIBUTORY | Noncontributory is a form of insurance wherein the employer pays the full premium and the employee is not required to contribute at all. | 4. FUNDOSCOPIC | Fundoscopic is the act of examining the fundus of the eye, as with an ophthalmoscope or with a biomicroscope and slit-lamp. | 5. SUPPLE | Supple is when you can Move and bend with ease. | 6. CRACKLES | A crackle is a small, sharp sound heard on auscultation. It is caused by dry, bristly hair and insufficient pressure on the stethoscopehead. | 7. BENIGN | Benign refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous. | 8. VOIDED | Voiding is another word for emptying the bladder or urinating. | 9. SELF-CARES | Self-cares are care performed for oneself. For example, after the nurse shows a patient how to put on ted stockings and the patient do it for themselves. | 10.COGNITIVE | Cognitive is a generic term embracing the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. | 11.CARDIOMYOPATHY | Cardiomyopathy is a chronic disease of the heart muscle (myocardium), in which the muscle is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. | 12.PSYCHOTROPIC | Psychotropic is any drug capable of affecting...
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...“Appalachia comprises 420 counties in 13 states—Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania.” (Purnell, 2009, p. 88). The Appalachians truly love their family and they are considered very loyal, caring, independent, resourceful, and honest individuals. Their dominant language is English but they have a dialect and sometimes it can be very hard for the healthcare professional to understand the individual. The constant sound maybe added and the vowel maybe pronounced, causing it difficult to understand their dialect. For example poosh is pronounced for push, hiegen for hygiene, deef for deaf, and etc. The high health risk behavior amongst the Appalachians is smoking, teenager drinking alcohol, sedentary lifestyles, diets high in fats and refined sugar. This puts the individual at risk for black lung, emphysema, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer (Purnell, 2009, p....
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...Key aspects of physical, intellectual, emotional and social development Jade Morgan Key aspects of physical, intellectual, emotional and social development Jade Morgan Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow created his hierarchy of needs; this is shown in the pyramid above. The pyramid is all about physiological needs and when safety and security has been met can only then humans reach for higher goals such as status and self-respect. Maslow considered health and well-being on different influences and needs which include the PIES factors. Key aspects of development include the PIES factors: * Physical * Intellectual * Emotional * Social * The PIES are all linked to give a holistic approach. * Physical * This is things to do with your body. This includes the development of each system of your body and is affected by both inherited or genetic factors and lifestyle factors. * Intellectual * Intellectual development is to do with the growth of the brain and the development of your thought processes. This is things like memory, problem solving and an understanding of the world around us. * Emotional * Emotional development is about the growth and understanding of feelings. The ability to receive and give love, care and affection and to feel secure is found in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Emotional development is closely linked to the development of self-esteem. * Social ...
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