...Led marketing directorIntroduction p. 3 II. Mission and objectives p. 4 III. Capabilities of our company p. 4 IV. Current Marketing Situation p. 5- 10 V. Positioning p. 10 - 11 VI. Marketing Strategy p .12 - 20 1. Product Strategy 2. Pricing strategy 3. Promotion strategy 4. Distribution strategy VII. Budgets p. 20 - 21 VIII. Controls p. 21 -22 IX. Executive Summary p. 23 - 24 X. References p. 24 I. Introduction What is LED light? With a view to creating a better quality of light and saving energy LED light has entered the light industry. Full form of LED is light emitting diode. The concept of LED is pretty simple. Like every other diodes, LED is made of semiconductor filled with impurities from Group IIIA and GROUP VA elements, creating a p-n junction. As electricity flows from the p part to the n part, holes from the p part meet the electrons from the n part. When the holes and electrons meet, they radiate energy. In LED, this energy is used as light. Electroluminescence, the basic concept of LED was discovered in 1907 by H J Round. But until 1968, LEDs were very costly and inefficient for commercial and personal use. The Monsanto Company was the first industry to mass produce LED lights for indicators in 1968. After that, there had been quite some developments in LED technology resulting in the efficiency to rise exponentially with a doubling... READ FULL DOCUMENT Introduction p. 3 II. Mission and objectives p. 4 III. Capabilities of our company p....
Words: 1196 - Pages: 5
...Fiber optic light sources must be able to turn on and off millions to billions of times per second while projecting a nearly microscopic beam of light into an optical fiber. Both Light Emitting Diodes and Laser transmitters are considered to be semiconductor light sources. However, they differ greatly in output patterns. Forward biased LEDs generate light when positive voltage is applied to the “p” region and negative voltage is applied to the “n” region of the diode. Random photons are emitted at the junction where the “p” and “n” regions meet once a current is passed through the LED. The photons that are emitted are out of phase and not launched in the same direction. This is called incoherent light. Only a small percentage of this light is actually coupled into the optical fiber since incoherent light is difficult to focus. There are two types of LEDs, surface emitting and edge emitting. Surface emitting LEDs are formed from a single semiconductor material in the “pn” junction. Because of this, incoherent photons radiate from all points of the junction. Edge emitting LEDs are formed from similar materials with different refractive indexes. These indexes are used to guide the light and create a directional output. Light is emitted though an etched opening in the diode. Laser sources also have a “p” and “n” region but contain the emitted photons using an optical cavity and reflecting mirrors on each end of the diode. One mirror is only partially reflective and...
Words: 563 - Pages: 3
...well as performance and safety standards that are applicable to SSL products, including those utilizing light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The use of national standards and test methods improves consistency of performance and facilitates product comparisons, thereby increasing consumer confidence and satisfaction. As the technology matures, standards and guidelines are created or revised as needed. The documents listed here are those applicable in North America and completed as of October 2011.1 ANSI/ANSLG American National Standards Institute/American National Standard Lighting Group | www.ansi.org ANSI is responsible for establishing standards and conformity assessment systems within the United States. ANSLG was initially created through the ANSI organization to support development of appropriate and needed lighting standards through its own working group(s) or other organizations. C78.377-2008 C82.77-2002 C136.37-2011 Specifi cations for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting Products Specifi es chromaticity (an attribute of color) tolerances for white light LEDs intended to be used indoors based on nominal correlated color temperature (CCT) values. Harmonic Emission Limits – Related Power Quality Requirements for Lighting Summarizes harmonic limits and methods of measure-ment for all lighting equipment, including SSL drivers and power supplies. Solid State Light Sources Used in Roadway and Area Lighting Establishes requirements for a variety of items including interchangeability...
Words: 2562 - Pages: 11
...Light emitting Diode Light-emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics. The basic principle behind the working of LED is electroluminescence. The Light emitting diode should be forward biased to get the light. In Light emitting diodes, electrons are injected from low work function cathode to the conduction band of the n-type semiconducting material and holes are injected from high work function anode to the valence band ot the p-type semiconducting material. When the electron in the conduction band combines with the hole in the valence band, energy is released. In case of indirect band gap semicondutors, phonon will be released to conserve of both energy and momentum. But in case of direct band gap semiconductor, light will be emitted whose wavelength depends on the band gap of the semiconductor. Different parts of a Light emitting diode Radiative recombination in direct and indirect bandgap semiconductor Cartoon showing radiative recombination in a direct band-gap semiconductor Schematic diagram of working of an LED Light emitting Diode and its circuit symbol ...
Words: 507 - Pages: 3
...broader band of wavelengths (multiple). In addition, a significant difference between the two is the power output. The peak power output of lasers is measured in watts, while that of LED's, is measured in milliwatts. Also, LED's usually have a 50% duty cycle, meaning that they are "on" 50% of the time and "off" 50% of the time regardless of what frequency (pulses per second) setting is used. There are many light emitting products on the market today, claiming to be lasers that do not meet scientifically defined attributes for being a true laser. For example, products that use Light Emitting Diodes or LEDs as they are more commonly known, do in fact produce light, however the light is not intense, producing very little energy and is non-coherent, similar to light produced by common household light bulbs. Non-coherent or non-culminated light is the result of photons moving in random directions at random times, generating random frequencies. The most common use of LEDs is in electronic equipment, such as cell phones and VCRs, to inform the users that the item is ON. LEDs are cheap and easy to reproduce (Pontinen 1992). Obviously, these devices are NOT lasers. This misconception is in large part a by-product of marketing. Some sales professional use the word "laser" in order to describe a process such as in "laser pointers" which refers more to mankind's collective imagination than scientific...
Words: 263 - Pages: 2
...Q: What is LED (Light Emitting Diode)? A: LED (Light Emitting Diode) is the most commonly used backlight for Cellular phones. The LED backlight offers some benefits over the EL backlight. To start, the LED backlight does not require an inverter, just a DC source of +3VDC~+5VDC. Secondly, depending on the backlight configuration, the brightness can very bright, and thirdly, the life of the LED exceeds 50K hours. http://www.microtipsusa.com/content/Products_FAQS.asp#17 Abbreviation of light emitting diode, an electronic device that lights up when electricity is passed through it. LEDs are usually red. They are good for displaying images because they can be relatively small, and they do not burn out. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LED.html http://www.edgesystem.net/LED_light_therapy.htm A small indicator light most often used to show the power is on or the device is being used. LEDs are found on your computer case, monitor, printer, modem, CD-ROM drive, and hard drive. What is Inside an LED? LED's are special diodes that emit light when connected in a circuit. They are frequently used as "pilot" lights in electronic appliances to indicate whether the circuit is closed or not. A a clear (or often colored) epoxy case enclosed the heart of an LED, the semi-conductor chip. LED leads side lead on flat side of bulb = negative The two wires extending below the LED epoxy enclosure, or the "bulb" indicate how the LED should be connected into a circuit....
Words: 600 - Pages: 3
...Preparation Questions: Item to Be Described (product and use) The OLED, Organic Light Emitting Diode, is the newest addition to the LED line of equipment. This new piece of equipment is the first ever design that allows the capability for High Definition TVs to be 80 inches wide, less than a quarter inch, and be rolled up when you’re not using it. This possibility and many more are capable through the solid-state devices of OLED. Composed of thin films of organic modules, OLEDs create light with the application of electrify. With this process, LEDs are taken to the next level when it comes to clarity and power efficiency. Audience (retail consumer, industrial expert, or other) The intended audience will be a retail consumer who is an expert technician or an experienced user with similar equipment. The audience will have some background knowledge but they are uniformed of the actual makeup of the OLEDs. These individuals want to know the technology behind the OLEDs and if it is worth their while to purchase the equipment. Purpose (Why is the document being produced?) This document is being produced to better inform the above audience. The overall purpose is to fully outline the OLED Mechanism and to allow the above audience to understand the advantages of the equipment compared to others that are out in the market. At the end, by informing the audience of the complete layout of the OLED, their interest will have improved and their chances of purchasing the piece...
Words: 3087 - Pages: 13
...OLED (organic light–emitting diode) is a new technology that will change the way we live. It is the next step from the more commonly known LED, which is the new standard in television production as of 2013. The more popular OLED devices include Samsung cell phones and tablets. Televisions will be released to the public later in 2014, but OLED will be used for more than mobile devices in the next 20 years. The major impact will be lighting. The standard light bulb as we know it will soon be replaced by OLED light fixtures. Headlights on cars, lights under water (pool lights), lights in homes, lights on planes, and runway lights will forever be changed. OLED lights can be placed on any surface such as walls, furniture, and appliances. They are also thinner than paper and are brighter than the typical light bulb. Electronic devices will go through a major physical change. The biggest change will be the thinness of all devices including cell phones, tablets, and computers. This will cause the devices to be even more mobile and easier to transport. The devices will also become more widely used and cause younger and older generations to use them because there will be a higher demand in schools and in the workplace for the devices. Televisions will become so thin and light that they will be placed anywhere and wall mounting will almost be a standard. OLED technology also will change other devices by totally reforming and replacing them altogether. The typical monitor will now...
Words: 436 - Pages: 2
...Let there be LED LEDs are semiconductors, and like all solid-state technology, they are getting better and cheaper on a predictable curve. In 1999, a researcher named Roland Haitz, then heading up semiconductor R&D at Hewlett-Packard, coauthored a paper that became the lighting industry’s manifesto. By charting the historical prices of LEDs and projecting forward, Haitz estimated that the amount of light they produced would increase by a factor of 20 per decade, while the cost would correspondingly drop by a factor of 10. Haitz’s law has proven remarkably accurate. Fluorescent lightening has been around since the 1930s, GE physicist Ed Hammer was the first, in 197, to figure out how to twirl that long gas-filled tube so it would screw into a standard socket. The GE CFL produced as much light as an incandescent, while drawing just 20 percent as much electricity. In 1980, Philips became the first company to market a CFL, with a design based on a series of bends rather than GE’s spiral. But problems of dimming, flicker, and light colour remained. And manufacturer claims of bulb lifetime and quality were wildly exaggerated. Consumers didn’t understand that CFLs burn out rapidly when they’re not allowed to rest at least 15 minutes between being cycled off and on. Though industry claims that some of the problems resulted from an early influx of cheap imported bulbs are true- as in the fact that CFLs have improved- many issues remain. No-name commodity bulbs still perform poorly...
Words: 714 - Pages: 3
...Cricket world cup boosts TV sales in Ctg Arun Bikash Dey, Chittagong Sales of television have increased in the port city in the last two weeks thanks to the World Cup Cricket 2015. Most electronics retailers in Chittagong are now offering promotional deals on televisions. Tabassum Ferdous of Katalganj, bought an LED (light emitting diode) television on Tuesday to replace her old set. “I have long been saving up for buying an LED TV. The discount given for the World Cup has made it possible for me to finally get it.” Electronics companies are happy to see business improving, especially after a prolonged slump in sales caused by blockades and hartals since January 6. Sales increased 60-70 percent after the World Cup promotional offers on televisions were announced, said Mohsin Uddin Chowdhury, zonal sales manager for Chittagong at Transcom Electronics. Depending on the model, Transcom is offering discounts between Tk 3,500 and Tk 70,000, he said. “We also offer to give internet modems and pen drives for free with particular models,'' Chowdhury added. Sony Rangs, another electronics brand, also eyes a growth in television sales, said Santosh Kumar Das, the company's sales in-charge for Chittagong. “The 10-15 percent discount on TV sets has helped boost sales at all our seven showrooms in Chittagong, which were severely affected by the blockades and hartals since last month.” “Singer is offering customers a chance to win air tickets to Australia, along with cash discounts...
Words: 283 - Pages: 2
...MINI PROJECT ON AUTOMATIC STREET light An introduction: Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is need of light. It detects itself weather there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically street light is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project we have used three L.E.D for indication of bulb but for high power switching one can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555. Then it will be possible to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances connected all the way through relay. Principle : This circuit uses a popular timer I.C 555. I.C 555 is connected as comparator with pin-6 connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when the trigger pin 2 is at lower then 1/3rd level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to change the level of output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 6V battery for portable use. The circuit is economic in power consumption. Pin 4, 6 and 8 is connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is grounded. To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a source of light. LDR is a special type of resistance...
Words: 1259 - Pages: 6
... a. The marketing mix will include the “P’s”- produce, place, price, and promotion. b. The product is the LED (light-emitting diode), which is a semi-conductor diode that glows when a voltage is applied. c. The product can be used in outdoor lighting, mp3 players, DVD players, computers and televisions. III. A marketing plan that addresses product modification, pricing, promotional programs, distribution channels, and e-business in your chosen country. a. LED modifications include, but not limited to: incandescent flashlight replacement bulbs (everLED). b. Use in the traffic lights and outdoor signs of some cities. c. Many automotive manufacturers are beginning to use LEDs for their headlights. d. Pricing- varies depending on the type of bulb. 1. Can cost anywhere from $20 to $75 for a bulb that projects the same amount of light as a normal 60 watt incandescent bulb. 2. The cost savings is noticed per year compared to the normal light bulbs. e. Promotional programs include, but not limited to; internet and television. f. Distribution channels and e-business- 1. Handing the business through a joint partner. 2. Manufacturing in China. 3. Formosa Epitaxy (FOREPI), LED chipmaker trying to gain more LED lighting distribution channels in China 4. Internet usage for ordering products...
Words: 429 - Pages: 2
...Course: Electronic Devices & Circuits Course ID: CEN304 Course Lecturer: Dr.Montasir Qasymeh Lab 1: DC& ACCharacteristics of Diodes Prepared by: Eng. Ahmed Sweleh Date: 20/9/2012 1 Objectives: This lab aims to educate the student in the following:1. 2. 3. 4. Putting the diodein reverse bias and forward bias. Measuring forward current (IF) and reverse current (IR). Observing the AC characteristics of a diode. Plotting the characteristic curve of a diode. Tools: For this lab the following tools will be used:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Breadboard Digital Multi Meter DC Power Supply Function Generator Oscilloscope Breadboard Cables Crocodile Clip Cables Resistors Silicon Diode1n4148 Introduction Diodes can be characterized interims of their doping material or application. An example of doping material we have: Silicon diodes (VF = 0.7v). An example on application we have the light emitting diode (LED). In theory you toke that a diode consists of two sides: Positive “+” side (P-type or Anode) Negative “-“ side (N-type or Cathode) As we can see in Figure 1(C), we can tell which side of the diode in real life is the cathode by looking for the stripe mark on the diode. In case of LEDs the short leg is the cathode. 2 Figure 1 Procedure: 1. Putting the diode in reverse biasand forward bias. Measure the voltage across the diode when it’s in forward and reveres bias in this experiment. Connect your circuit and site the voltage to 5V as shown in Figure...
Words: 868 - Pages: 4
...A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated.[4]When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.[5] Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962,[6] the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were also of low intensity, and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible,ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays, and were commonly seen in digital clocks. Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime...
Words: 5486 - Pages: 22
...* DISPENSER * IR LEDS * SENSOR * INDICATOR * LAVATORIES * PHOTOTRANSISTOR * INFRARED * GALLIUM * ARSENIDE * PHOTORESISTOR(LDR) * RELAY * TELEGRAPH CIRCUIT * PROTECTIVE RELAY * IC BURNER DISPENSER One that dispenses or gives out, especially a machine or container that allows the contents to be removed and used in convenient or prescribed amounts. IR LEDS An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength. Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors. The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED. To overcome this problem, the camera on a cellphone can be used. The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit. SENSOR A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy...
Words: 1380 - Pages: 6