...I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: “LEECHES!!!” take a look at these pictures on the board and tell me what you think? …..Pretty crazy huh? Does anyone remember the film “Stand by Me” by chance….? There is a scene in this movie where 4 boys are running and decide to jump in a stream…as they walk out they notice these slimy slug like creatures all over their arms, backs, legs other private parts. As they start flinging these blood sucking creatures from their bodies and other areas that we won’t discuss.. Is one of many justified beliefs that these nasty segmented slimy, wormlike things sole purpose on this earth is to make you recoil in disgust simply from the sight of them…But wait! What if I told you that this same creature held and current serve as an important purpose in the medical field. II. Preview of 3 Main Points: Today I will give information about medical uses of leeches. There are three main points to touch on. First, what medical procedures utilize leeches? Second, why do we use leeches in the medical field. Third and finally, I will speak about the medical benefits of using leeches in medicine today. Thesis/ Specific Purpose Statement: Using these three main points, I will inform the audience of the medical uses and benefits of leeches. The Body: I. Point One: What medical procedures today utilize leeches? A. Sub-point A. 1). Reconstructive Surgery 2). Trauma Patients- In Austrailai 2004 a surfer gets mauled by a surfer on Bondi Beach...
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...as well. We have found a solution, grown in our own backyard, processed in our own country, works for a dozen of diagnoses – medicinal leeches! For thousands of years, medicinal leeches have been one of the primary cures for many diseases. The following list brings out the main diagnoses which adobt to hirudotherapy like a charm: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. high blood pressure, liver problems, bronchitis and astma, chronical hepatitis, chronical constipation, hemorrhoids and radicular pain, mao ja kaheteistsoole tõbi (tõlkimata), gynecological problems, pancreas infection, tromboflebitis, stenocardia, infarct, cardiac insufficiency, prostate diseases, eye diseases. As seen on the left, medicinal leech is perfect for being an alternative medicine. One leech sucks ca 15 ml of blood and meanwhile releases over 400 biologically active ingredients to human body, with the main ingredient being hirudin. The other problem with the Estonian market is, that it is too small for large farmeceutical companies and it is almost impossible for our importers to get a good wholesale price on drugs. Therefore comes our high retail price in the first place; not considering the workforce, which only adds to prices. According to our calculations, it is possible to manage a fully...
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...Hawthorne not only created Chillingworth to look like the Devil but he also made him act like the serpent from Hell. The Devil is said to act like a parasite as he sticks to man and tempts him with sin. Similarly, Hawthorne payed homage to this analogy of the Devil by creating the ninth chapter of his book “The Leech” and he talks about how Chillingworth took it upon himself to take care of Dimmesdale. In the chapter, none of the characters actually call Chillingworth a leech but the narrator told of the time Chillingworth spent with Dimmesdale “to enable the leech to gather plants with healing balm in them, they took long walks on the seashore or in the forest” (Hawthorne 84). Hawthorne did this so the reader can connect Chillingworth to the...
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...The leech nervous system consists of a brain connected to a ventral nerve cord. This nerve cord is further made up of segmental ganglia (Titlow, 2013). Within each ganglia are many other types of cells that can be distinguished by their general properties and by the electrical signals that they initiate (Titlow,2013). Titlow’s experiment classified some of these types of cells based on their general properties: R-Retzius cells, P- pressure, T- touch, N-nociceptive, AE- annulus erector (2013). In this experiment we dissected a leech ganglia microscopically in order to make intracellular recordings from inside of individual cells. Part of this process included stimulating the neurons with an electrode under various stimulus conditions, such as long pulses, short pulses, and multiple short pulses in a short duration of time. With the results of this experiment, we were able to determine the type of cell that we had penetrated within the leech ganglia, based on the electrical signals that they sent and...
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...In this essay I will analyse the representation of speech in Justin Bieber’s Never Say Never and thought in Kanye West’s Can’t Tell Me Nothing using approaches developed by G.N. Leech, M.H. Short and S. Rimmon-Kenan. I will use the aspects of Leech and Short’s essay ‘Speech and Thought Presentation’ that I consider to be constructive and compensate the shortcomings of their essay with the improvements – in my view – made in Rimmon-Kenan’s essay. Also, since Rimmon-Kenan’s essay ‘Narration: speech representation’ does not include an account of thought representation, I will convert his distinctions of speech representation. Thus “diegetic summary” (DS) will be “diegetic thought summary” (DTS); “Summary, less ‘purely’ diegetic” will be “Thought Summary, purely diegetic” (TS); “Indirect content paraphrase”(ICP) will be “Indirect thought content paraphrase” (ITC); “Indirect discourse, mimetic to some degree”(ID) will be “ Indirect thought, mimetic to some degree” (IT): “Free indirect discourse” (FID) will be “Free indirect thought” (FIT); “Direct discourse” (DD) will Be “Direct thought” (DT) and “Free direct discourse”(FDD) will be “Free Direct thought” (FDT). ITC, FIT, DT and FDT correspond with Leech and Short’s distinctions (in definition and symbol, except for ITC which correspond with their IT). I will give examples of DTS, TS and ITS: DTS: The bare report of a thought, without any specification of how the thinker felt or the language the thinker used to think. E.g.,...
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...The FARC formed in 1964 as a military wing of the Communist Party in response to the establishment of a military government in Colombia that outlawed the Communist Party and marginalized the liberal left. During the Second Conference of the Guerilla Bloc of Southern Colombia, peasants officially founded the FARC in 1966. They believed they could defeat the Colombian government and increase the distribution of wealth. (Lee, 2012, p. 30) In 1984, the FARC participated in peace negotiations with the government (Leech, 2011, p. 42). They agreed to a cease fire if Colombia would give FARC fighters amnesty and work towards reducing poverty. Allegations of violence and assassinations lead them to step away from negotiations and form a new political party called the Patriotic Union (UP). In 1986, during the national congressional elections, the UP won many votes but political assassinations killed 2,000-4,000 UP members, including 3 presidential candidates. After this, the FARC escalated their use of military force, committing to armed conflict. (Lee, 2012, p. 31) Objectives and Goals According to the United States Department of State (2015), the FARC started with a Marxist philosophy intent on overthrowing the Colombian government (Wanted, para. 1). They initially wanted the Colombian government...
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...Abstract This paper focuses on the motivational concerns that underlie the management of relations. In linguistics, the management of relations has been discussed extensively within politeness theory, and so the paper starts by identifying four key issues of controversy in politeness theory: a) should „polite‟ language use be explained in terms of face (e.g. Brown and Levinson, 1987), conversational maxims (e.g. Leech, 1983), and/or conversational rights (e.g. Fraser, 1990); b) why are speech acts such as orders interpersonally sensitive – is it because they are a threat to our autonomy (Brown and Levinson, 1987), or because of cost–benefit concerns (Leech, 1983); c) is Brown and Levinson‟s concept of negative face too individually focused, and should a social identity component be included (Matsumoto, 1988); and d) is face just a personal/individual concern or can it be a group concern (Gao, 1996)? The paper then uses reports of authentic rapport sensitive incidents to throw light on these controversial issues and to find out the relational management concerns that people perceive in their everyday lives. It maintains that such data is important to politeness theory, because linguistic politeness needs to be studied within the situated social psychological context in which it occurs. The paper ends by presenting and arguing for a conceptual framework that draws a fundamental distinction between face and sociality rights, and that incorporates an independent/interdependent...
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...Baker (1992) maintains that pragmatics mainly highlights the use of utterances in communication and the way the hearer understands them in their context. Hence, pragmatics is “the study of language in use” (p.217). It focuses on how people play with meaning in their communication. Furthermore, Leech (1983) holds that “General Pragmatics” (p.1) is a key concept in knowing human language. He says that pragmatics is “how language is used in communication.”(p.1). Leech states that pragmatics studies meaning according to the speaker. Moreover, he defines it as “the study of meaning in relation to speech situations” (p.6). Hatim and Munday (2004) maintain that Koller introduces different relations of equivalence based on the source text and...
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...BIBLIOGRAPHY Abu-Ruqayeq, A. M. (2000). A Contrastive Study of Time Adverbials in English And Arabic, Unpublished M.A. Thesis. University of Jordan. Adams, V. (1973). An Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation, London : Longman. Al-Dahdah, A. (1988). Mu'jam Mustalahat Al-I'rab Wa Al-Bina'a Fi Qawa'd Al-Lugha Al-Arabia Al-Alamia, Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan. Alexander, L. G. (1988) Longman English grammar, London: Longman. Alexiadou, A.; Haegeman, L. and Stavrou, M. (2007). Noun Phrase in The Generative Perspective, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Algeo, J. (1971). "The voguish uses of non". American Speech. 46, 87-105. Allerton, D. J. (2002). Stretched Verb Constructions in English, London and New York: Routledge. Anderson, S. R. (1992). A-Morphous morphology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anderwald, L. (2004). The Varieties of English Spoken in The Southeast of England: Morphology and Syntax, In: Kortmann, B.; Burridge, K.; Mesthrie, R.; Schnieder, E. W. and Upton, C. (2004). A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Andrews, E. (1986). "A synchronic semantic analysis of de- and un- in American English", American Speech 61, 221–232. Aremo, B. (2005). " Nouns Illustrating Adjective-Noun Conversion in English", Asian EFL Journal 7 (1) 1-12. Aronoff, M. (1976) Word formation in generative grammar, Cambridge: (Mass.): MIT Press. Aronoff, M. and Fudeman, K...
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...Investigating the presentation of speech, writing and thought in spoken British English: A corpus-based approach1 Dan McIntyre a, Carol Bellard-Thomson b, John Heywood c, Tony McEnery c, Elena Semino c and Mick Short c a Liverpool Hope University College, UK, b University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, c Lancaster University, UK Abstract In this paper we describe the Lancaster Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation (SW&TP2) Spoken Corpus. We have constructed this corpus to investigate the ways in which speakers present speech, thought and writing in contemporary spoken British English, with the associated aim of comparing our findings with the patterns revealed by the previous Lancaster corpus-based investigation of SW&TP in written texts. We describe the structure of the corpus and the archives from which its composite texts are taken. These are the spoken section of the British National Corpus, and archives currently housed in the Centre for North West Regional Studies (CNWRS) at Lancaster University. We discuss the decisions that we made concerning the selection of suitable extracts from the archives, the re-transcription that was necessary in order to use the original CNWRS archive texts in our corpus, and the problems associated with the original archived transcripts. Having described the sources of our corpus, we move on to consider issues surrounding the mark-up of our data with TEI-conformant SGML, and the problems associated with capturing in electronic form the CNWRS...
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...is reasonable to foresee that another person might suffer damage as a result of our act or omissions”. (Lord Atkins) Rock may state, surely Cena had a duty of care to ensure his vehicle was suited for purpose. Nevertheless, since Rock was not wearing a helmet, Cena may argue that Rock is liable for some of his injuries. Comparably under the case of Smith V Leech Brain & Co Ltd and Another [1962] All Er 1159, Smith incurs fatal injuries when molten metal burns his lips, leading to cancer and eventual death. This being said, Smith “already had a pre-malignant condition”. The defendant argued, “Smith may have contracted cancer due to his condition, regardless of the accident”. (Smith V Leech Brain, 1962) Conversely, but for the burn, Smith may have never developed cancer. According to Thin Skull Rule “a defendant is liable for the full extent of the victim's injuries even if, due to some abnormality or pre-existing condition, the victim suffers greater harm as a result of the defendant's actions than the 'ordinary’ victim would suffer.” (Finch, E and Fafinski, S, 2007) All things considered the verdict deemed Leech Brain negligent. Relatedly in the situation of Rock V Cena, evidence gathered indicates Cena to be most likely liable for the injuries and damages to Rock and the motorcycle. Furthermore, Kofi, driver of a...
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...among equals. It concludes that in recent years the prime minster has exerted too much power and is ignoring his cabinet. By the 1830s the Westminster system of what we now as cabinet government emerged. The head of the government is the prime minister. Leech et al define the prime minister as: “A head of government whose power normally derives in Britain from leadership of the largest party in the legislature, more exceptionally from the enjoyment of the confidence of a cross –party parliamentary majority. The prime minister is not head of state” (p.191, 2011), UK Politics is devised from a constitutional monarchy: the monarch is the head of state. Leech et al (2011) further state that Sir Robert Walpole (1721-1742), holds this claim as he was the first Lord of the Treasury. In 1905 it was given royal warrant thus giving it legal status (Schaffer, 2011). The key aspect of the prime minister’s power is defined as someone who gives leadership and represents the nation at home but also abroad (Leech et al, 2011, p. 193). The prime minister also steers the government by directing government policies and strategies and by chairing the cabinet. Prime ministers power is referred to as patronage “power to hire and fire”. Leech et al (2011) state patronage is a crucial element of prime ministerial power especially when choosing their cabinet. Both Thatcher and Blair were said to have awarded cabinet positions to those who were loyal to them. It can be said that Thatcher and Blair...
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...corpus will offer us to consider the principles of good practice these corpora some assistance with requiring. So why to expound a corpus? Since it makes data recovery and extraction simpler, speedier and empowers human investigators to misuse and recover examinations of which they are not themselves proficient, clarified corpora are reusable assets, to commented corpora are multifunctional they can be explained with a reason and be reused with another, corpus annotation records a phonetic investigation unequivocally, and last corpus annotation gives a standard reference asset, a steady base of etymological investigations, so that progressive studies can be looked into on a typical premise. IV. Leech’s 7 maxims of corpus annotation For Leech it should be possible to remove the annotation from an annotated corpus in order to revert to the raw corpus, he says that it should be possible to extract the annotations by themselves from the text, that the annotation scheme should be based on guidelines which are available to the end user, It should be made clear how and by whom the annotation was carried out. The end user should be made aware that the corpus annotation is not error-free or infallible, but simply a potentially useful tool that the annotation schemes should be based as far as possible on widely agreed and theory-neutral principles, and there is no annotation scheme has the a priori right to be considered as a standard. Standards emerge through practical consensus (Xiao...
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...An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a multi-module transaction-based application software that helps organisations to manage the vital parts of the business. Today, ERP systems are often preferred over the legacy systems, despite the fact that the Legacy systems offered a great deal of value from their unique, customized features (Fosser, E, Leister, O H, Moe, C E & Newman, M., 2008). It’s important to note that the Legacy system has had many drawbacks, such as, rigid development & delivery methodologies; lengthy reaction time to address business changes; overly-complicated & difficult-to-manage programs; functionality gaps & user dissatisfaction; costly and/or painful version release upgrades; business applications written at different times with different tools, languages, to name a few (Simparel, 2010). Alternatively, the ERP system has asserted to create value through integrating activities across organization; implementation of best practices; standardization of processes; one-source data; and on-line access to information (Olson, 2007). According to Fosser, Leister, Moe & Newman (2008) in their idealised form, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate all business processes into one enterprise-wide solution; accomplished by having a centralised database that all business functional areas have access to. While it is possible to customise the ERP system to fit the original business processes, the current understanding is that customisation is not...
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...Excellence in Research, Department of Management Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: naila058@yahoo.com Key Words: Ownership Concentration, Operating Performance Introduction In this research, we scrutinize the affect of ownership structure on company performance. The relationship between ownership structure and performance has always been the area under discussion in the literature of corporate finance. The discussion on this area was started with the thesis of Berle and Means (1932). They argued that defuse ownership is inversely correlated with performance of a company. Most of the earlier studies found a positive relation among ownership concentration and firm’s performance (Cubin and Leech 1983, Short 1994). Literature suggested that the Objective of the concentrated ownership is to enjoy the incentives of monitoring (Shleifer and Vishny, 1997). Therefore the firms that are related to high class technology based or involver intensive R&D have defused ownership structure because in these types of firms...
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