...International Business Environment BE2501 – Summary Chapter 1 Globalization – refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Globalization of markets – refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. Globalization of products – refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land and capital) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) World Trade Organization (WTO) – is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in the trade treaties signed by WTO member states. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) were both created in 1944 by 44 nations that met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetary system; The WB was set up to promote economic development. United Nations (UN) – was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to persevering peace through international cooperation and collective security. International trade occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. Stock of foreign direct investment – refers...
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...Legal, Political and Ethical Environment: Dimensions of business environments are often classified in 6 major groups represents by the acronym PESTEL. These are: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Socio cultural 4. Technological 5. Environmental 6. Legal Political environment includes factors like the nature of government policies particularly those related to taxation, industrial relations, regulation of internal business and industry, and foreign trade regulations. It also relates to the stability of the government in power and risk of major political disturbances. Economic factors, as the name implies related to the general condition of the economy within which a business operates and conducts business. It will include factors like GNP, economic growth rate, interest rates, inflation rate, moneys supply, and unemployment rates. Socio cultural factor cover the nature of the life style, culture, attitude and other such common factors that influence and describe the behavioral characteristics typical of the people. It will include factors like demographic profile of the people, culture, and life style. Technological dimension covers the nature of technology available and used by an economy or industry in general. It also covers the extent to which development in technologies are likely to take place. This may be reflected in factors like expenditure on R&D and rate of obsolescence. Environmental factor refers to the physical or geographical environment affecting...
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...Critical Analysis: "The Social Responsibility of Busine Critical Analysis of "The Social Responsibility of Business" from Milton Friedman In this essay I evaluate Milton Friedman’s essay: “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits” in 1970, on the Social Responsibility of a business and his theory, which is called the “Efficiency Perspective”. In every article and book that I have read about social responsibility, Friedman’s “Efficiency Perspective is placed centrally. During my research I found that Friedman is often criticised for being too classical. Friedman believes that manager’s foremost objective or even moral obligation to the firm should be to maximise profits always. There is however one condition that makes his perspective more complicated, not only for me, but also for several well-known authors. According to Friedman, the managers obligations should be carried out: “…while conforming to the basic rules of the society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom”. This leads to one of the main questions of my essay: To what extent does Friedman’s “Efficiency Perspective” give foundation for responsible and moral international management behaviour? And need we any concern if it fails to do so? To fully answer the questions, I first need to explain the two different parts of the first question: responsible international management behaviour and moral international management behaviour. In businesses nowadays they...
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...Actual Trends in Theory and in Practice of the International Business Ethics Gabriela Dubcová* ABSTRACT The ethics triangle: national law, culture and political economic system. Key factors of current ethics issues in an international environment. The most visible changes in environment dimensions. Principles of international business ethics. Current ethics challenges in international environment. Common issues of the international business ethics. Comparison of ethical standards in different cultures. Accelerating development of globalization and assimilation between Europe and the USA. Differences between Europe, the United States and Asia in the business ethics perspective. Development processes of global business ethics. Levels of global business ethic level. Principle of normative guidelines for business conduct of multinational corporations. Current functioning of institution engaged in the international business ethics. Key words: The ethics triangle; Current ethics issues; International business ethics; Ethical standards; Global business ethics; Institution engaged in the International Business Ethics. JEL classification: K2, M1 Introduction The present economic situation in the globalized world generates very efficient processes in international companies with large profits for managers but with a relevant risk in economic and noneconomic ambit to eliminate any negative impacts of the crisis from one country to another. In this case, it is necessary to enact and...
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...Objectives 1. Explain the importance of analyzing and understanding the firm’s external environment. It is important for a firm to analyze and understand their external environment, because the external environment can pose opportunities and threats. As the firm seeks to gain competitive advantage and above-average returns they are influenced by external environment. The firm needs to understand the segments (demographic, political, global, physical, etc.) with their environment in order to achieve their goal. As more firms enter the market and as technology changes and grow in affects a firm capability of having or maintain competitive advantage, so firms need to have full awareness of what is happening in the external environment. 2. Define and describe the general environment and the industry environment. The general environment could be considered as the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affects organizations indirectly. The general environment is a group of seven environmental segments (demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological, global, and physical) which influence an industry and the firms within it. A firm does not directly control the general environment, but by all means firm’s actions are influence by the segments. The industry environment directly influences a firm and its competitive actions and response. A firm response and competitive actions may be influenced by these set of factors: the threat of new entrants, the...
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...An Article On Business Ethics and Global Dimension of Business Business Ethics and Global Dimension of Business October 19, 2014 Ethical issues have been around for a long time and its association with globalization has been documented. The effects on the association with globalization are similar and closely related to that of international marketing. As a result, the increased globalization over the years has brought an increase in many problems associated with global trading including ethical ones. (WTO, 2011). As indicated by World Trade organization in 2011, there was significant expansion in world trade from 1950 to 2000. This increase was documented to be over twenty-fold with foreign direct investment and exports playing a significant role. This increase in world trade in the middle to late 20th century also saw small businesses increasing their investments in cross border trading. This resulted in an increase in the average yearly outflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from about $25 billion in 1975 to a record $1.3 trillion in 2000. (UN, 2001). This means that there were a great number of business people with different social and cultural backgrounds doing business in other areas of different geographical, political, legal, social and cultural environments. The challenges that confronted these business people working in these different environments with its associated social and cultural problems created a platform for indulgence in ethical problems and other...
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...MAN3025 Summer B 2016 Ch 1-4 Test Chapter 1—Managing and the Manager's Job 1. The News Corporation, Smile Train, Delta Airlines and Gucci are all examples of a. bureaucracies. b. corporations. c. organizations. d. managerial hierarchies. e. centralized units of operation. 2. Which of the following is an example of an organization? a. The Department of Education b. Princeton University track team c. Starbucks d. Swoopo, online auction site e. All of these choices 3. Amy, Frank, Puz, and Tiaro started a Bible study group. They are engaged in a. starting a corporation. b. starting an organization. c. creating a managerial hierarchy. d. creating a bureaucracy. e. creating an organizational matrix. 4. All of the following are physical resources EXCEPT a. raw materials. b. a robotic welder. c. labor used in production. d. an inventory of finished goods. e. an office building. 5. In the National Football League, the players are a(n) ____ resource. a. physical b. financial c. human d. information e. intellectual 6. Managers use all of the following types of resources to achieve organizational goals EXCEPT a. international. b. physical. c. human. d. financial. e. information. 7. In the National Football League, the stadiums are a(n) ____ resource. a. international b. physical c. human d. financial e. information 1 8. In the National Football League, the ticket revenue is a(n) ____ resource. a. international b. physical c. human d. financial ...
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...Chapter 01 Globalization Answer Key True / False Questions 1. As a result of globalization, we have been moving toward a world in which national economies are (p. 7) relatively self-contained entities. FALSE Over the past three decades a fundamental shift has been occurring in the world economy. We have been moving away from a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: Introduction 2. By offering the same basic product worldwide, firms help to create a global market. TRUE Consumer products such as Citigroup credit cards, Coca-Cola soft drinks, video games, McDonald’s hamburgers, Starbucks coffee, and IKEA furniture are frequently held up as prototypical examples of this trend. The firms that produce these products are more than just benefactors of this trend; they are also facilitators of it. By offering the same basic product worldwide, they help to create a global market. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: What Is Globalization? 3. A company has to be the size of a multinational giant to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets. FALSE A company does not have to be the size of multinational giants to facilitate, and benefit from, the ...
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...Ethical Principles and Organizational Issues Sidney Holsey ETH/316 February 23, 2014 Irma Flores-Brothers Ethical Principles and Organizational Issues Ethical principles and organizational issues are an area of the corporate world that successful businesses practice and adhere to on a regular basis. The significance is ever important as the growth and development of technology in continuous. Companies need to be conscious of ethical responsibilities of their products and decisions. Privacy is becoming ever problematic due to the fact that companies can gain access to individuals’ information by way of website history. This information is attainable as a person frequents to a website and develops customer trends through cookies, web bugs, and other means. Succeeding ethical principles is necessary to keep corporations operational and clear from any negative consequences that unethical practices may lead to. This paper will look at a variety of areas ethics relates to the corporate world, such as, privacy, technological trends, and liability, as well as several other significant areas. Close to four million consumers and close to 46k megawatts of producing ability, Atlanta’s Southern Company is the primary energy provider attending the Southeastern region of the U.S. on behalf of its affiliates (southerncompany.com, 2015). One of the leading producers of uncontaminated, safe, dependable and reasonable energy in the U.S., Southern Company is the owner of electric...
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...Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. 2. Identify the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. 4. Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION SOCIETY Basic Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability Ethical Analysis Candidate Ethical Principles Professional Codes of Conduct Some Real-World Ethical Dilemmas THE MORAL DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the Internet Age Property Rights: Intellectual Property Accountability, Liability, and Control System Quality: Data Quality and System Errors Quality of Life: Equity, Access, and Boundaries HANDS-ON MIS Developing a Web Site Privacy Policy: Dirt Bikes USA Achieving Operational Excellence: Creating a Simple Web Site Using Web Page Development Tools Improving Decision Making: Using...
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...of the external environment is matched with knowledge about its internal environment to form its vision, to develop its mission and to take actions that result in strategic competitiveness and above-average returns. Factors that can have an impact on business have to be taken in consideration. Companies sometimes have to have strategic scenario in case of an unexpected factors, which can affect the external environment: - The attacks of September 11, - The coalition invasion in Afghanistan in October 2001, - The outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiracy Syndrome (SARS) - The war in Iraq in 2003, - The Madrid (2004) and London (2005) bombings. I. The general, industry and competitor environments. The external environment Demographic Global Industry environment Threat of new entrant Power of suppliers Power of buyers Product substitutes Intensity of rivalry Economic Competitor environment 14 Technological Socio-cultural Political/Legal A firm’s external environment is divided into three main areas: the general, industry and competitors. The general environment is composed of dimensions in broader society that influence an industry and, indirectly, the firms within in. Focused on the future These dimensions are...
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...the ethical dilemma faced by Jextra’s country manager, Tom Chong, who was responsible for Neighbourhood Markets in Malaysia. Jextra Stores was a Hong Kong based company that operated retail stores in China, Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam. In 2005, the company successfully entered Malaysia, operating supermarkets under the name of Neighborhood Markets (Inkpen, 2010). Jextra identified a promising site in Klang, near the capital of Kuala Lumpur, to open a new supermarket (Inkpen, 2010). Mr. Chong needs to evaluate a proposal made by the Mayor of Kang, which might be considered bribery. In this case, Mr. Chong faces social and ethical challenges that may affect the company’s operations, performance, and competitiveness in the region as well as Mr. Chong’s career. The major social issues include those related to law, culture, and ethics. The report also analyzes anti-bribery corruption enacted by the U.K Bribery Act and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The report concludes with recommendations to Jextra such as seeking proper legal advice, implementing an effective business code of conduct, providing inter-cultural and ethics training to managers, using a geocentrism approach and conducting an internal investigation for the Malaysian category manager. Analysis Social, Ethical, or Legal Challenges International firms operating abroad often face social challenges because they operate in markets with different legal and...
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...MUST 1 Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 2 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Identify the ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. • Identify the principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. • Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. • Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. 3 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems Is Your Student Loan Data on Loan? • Problem: Insufficient privacy protections for sensitive data related to student loans. • Solutions: Improve system security and protect student information to restore confidence in the system. • Revoke over 52,000 user IDs suspected of misusing access to students’ private information. • Demonstrates IT’s role in providing quick and convenient access to data. • Illustrates how the very same technology has the potential to threaten privacy and cause more harm than good. 4 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems Understanding Ethical and Social Issues Related to Systems • Past five years: One of the most ethically challenged periods in U.S. history • Lapses in management ethical and business judgment in a broad spectrum...
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... in which the corporation is seen as only an instrument for wealth creation, and its social activities are only a means to achieve economic results; (2) political theories, which concern themselves with the power of corporations in society and a responsible use of this power in the political arena; (3) integrative theories, in which the corporation is focused on the satisfaction of social demands; and (4) ethical theories, based on ethical responsibilities of corporations to society. In practice, each CSR theory presents four dimensions related to Elisabet Garriga is a PhD student in Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain. She holds a degree in Philosophy and another in Economics from the University of Barcelona, Spain. She has taught Business Ethics at the University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, for the International Education of Students (IES), a consortium comprised of more than 120 leading US colleges and universities. Her current research focuses on the concept and implementation of Corporate Social Responsibilities. She also has interest in organizational learning, entrepreneurship and innovation. ` ´ Domenec Mele is Professor and Director of the Department of Business Ethics at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain and chairs the bi-annual ‘‘International Symposium on Ethics, Business and Society’’ held by IESE. He has a Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from the...
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...Ethical Challenges in Latin American Cultures A Study of the Impacts of Culture in the Business Environment Warrington Thomas Edison State College International Management 372 Professor: Baker 06/16/2013 Elements Influencing Social Culture Culture is defined as a system of values and norms shared among a group of people and when taken together represent a system of living. Culture is not static but always evolving and it is important to take various factors into consideration when attempting to conduct business in international countries. Valuing cultural diversity in the workplace can boost morale and productivity. An effective employee who feels discriminated against because of cultural differences might get disconnected and leave the company. Values are the things that people believe to be right, good and desirable. Values are often reflected in the political and economic system of a country and includes society’s attitude towards things such as individual freedom, democracy, truth, honesty and loyalty among many other things. Ethics include the standards of moral behavior that are acceptable by a society as right or wrong. It includes basic moral values such as integrity, respect for human life, self-control, honesty, courage, cheating, cruelty and the list continues. Latin Americans are very proud of their culture individuals attempting to do business in this part of the world should be aware of the social conventions. ...
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