...I. The Philippines and WWII II. II. Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic III. Battles for Liberation The Philippines and WWII The Philippines and the WWII Philippines prepares for war. On July 26, 1941, Lt. Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Military Adviser to the Philippine commonwealth, was asked by President Theodore Roosevelt to take command of the newly formed United States Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE). The Japanese era started December 8, 1941 (10 hours after the bombing on Pearl Harbor, which is the strongest U.S Base in Hawaii) December 10, 1941, the Japanese successfully breached Luzon. December 20, Japanese forces landed in Davao. First Japanese attack in Visayas was on December 18. MacArthur ordered the military supplies of USAFFE to Corregidor and Bataan. On December 23, Gen. MacArthur put into effect the secret military plan WPO-3 (War Plan Orange No.3) On December 24, 1941, President Quezon moved to Corregidor where the Commonwealth Government was transferred. On December 26, Gen. MacArthur declared Manila an “Open City.” On December 30, 1941, President Quezon and VP Osmenia took oath for the second inaugural ceremonies of the Commonwealth. On January 2, 1942, Japanese entered Manila in a bloodless occupation. President Roosevelt ordered President Quezon to go to US to serve as a Philippine government-in-exile. He left Corregidor by submarine on February 20. Heroisms: Mess Sergeant Jose Calugas...
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...RESUMES WHAT IS A RESUME? A resume is a custom designed, written summary of your background. It provides a thumbnail sketch of your education, experience, and qualifications to a prospective employer. An effective resume targets a specific type of position and relates your skills and experience to that position. WHO WRITES A RESUME? A resume is written by anyone seeking employment, both part-time and full-time. Although there are companies that provide resume-writing services, the most effective resumes are written by the job seeker--after all, who else knows you, your qualifications, and your experiences better--someone you just met, or you? WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A RESUME? A good resume (in combination with a cover letter) will provide you with an interview. The employer will select applicants on the basis of how well their skills match up with the job requirements. Sometimes, the difference between getting an interview and being placed in the “no” pile is a well put-together resume. GENERAL RESUME GUIDELINES: Length: • A one-page resume works for the recent graduate. If you have extensive work history, two pages are reasonable. Remember to limit pertinent to what is important to the current job objective. Appearance: • Developing a well organized, readable layout determines if it gets read! Direct the reader’s eyes to the format. • Avoid dense text appearance, which is difficult to read. • Use high-quality white or off-white paper--stay conservative...
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...Many people today, both ordinary Filipinos and some historians not acquainted with the Philippines, are surprised when they learn that the ancient Filipinos actually had a writing system of their own. The complete absence of truly pre-Hispanic specimens of the baybayin script is puzzling and it has lead to a common misconception that fanatical Spanish priests must have burned or otherwise destroyed massive amounts of native documents as they did so Social expediency was another reason for Filipinos to abandon the baybayin in favour of the alphabet. They found the alphabet easy to learn and it was a skill that helped them to get ahead in life under the Spanish regime, working in relatively prestigious jobs as clerks, scribes and secretaries. With his usual touch of exaggeration, Fr. Pedro Chirino made an observation in 1604 that shows how easily Filipinos took to the new alphabet. But if reasons of practicality were behind the demise of the baybayin, why did it not survive as more than a curiosity? Why was it not retained for at least ceremonial purposes such as inscriptions on buildings and monuments, or practiced as a traditional art like calligraphy in other Asian countries? The sad fact is that most forms of indigenous art in the Philippines were abandoned wherever the Spanish influence was strong and only exist today in the regions that were out of reach of the Spanish empire. Hector Santos, a researcher living in California, suggested that obligations...
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...cooperative’s Bylaws can only be changed by a democratic vote (or in some cases, consensus [2]) of the membership. For this reason, cooperatives usually limit their Bylaws to fundamental governance-level issues. More specific operational procedures may be documented in policy manuals or handbooks, which can be changed as needed by Directors, (co-)managers, committee members, staff, or other bodies using approved decision-making processes. Bylaws are organized into sections, and most sections are broken up into subsections. In this document, only the lengthier sections are broken up into subsections for ease of reading. However, shorter sections can benefit from being broken down as well. Bylaws can be easily referenced when numbers or letters are assigned to sections and subsections. ------------------------------------------------- Cooperative Bylaws should include: I. Mission, purpose, and legal structure This section often includes the cooperative’s mission statement, vision statement, or stated purpose.[3] This is also a good place to restate the information outlined in the Articles of Incorporation. The Bylaws should agree with the Articles, but you may wish to include this useful phrase: “The articles of incorporation are hereby made a part of these bylaws. In case of any inconsistency between the articles of incorporation and these bylaws, the provisions of the articles of incorporation are controlling.”[4] II. Membership This section should...
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...Republic of the Philippines Supreme Court Manila EN BANC JOVITO S. OLAZO, Complainant, - versus - JUSTICE DANTE O. TINGA (Ret.), Respondent. A.M. No. 10-5-7-SC Present: CORONA, C.J., CARPIO, CARPIO MORALES, *VELASCO, JR., NACHURA, LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, BRION, PERALTA, BERSAMIN, DEL CASTILLO, ABAD, VILLARAMA, JR., PEREZ, MENDOZA, and SERENO, JJ. Promulgated: December 7, 2010 x----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x D E C I S I O N BRION, J.: Before us is the disbarment case against retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Dante O. Tinga (respondent) filed by Mr. Jovito S. Olazo (complainant). The respondent is charged of violating Rule 6.02,[1] Rule 6.03[2] and Rule 1.01[3] of the Code of Professional Responsibility for representing conflicting interests. Factual Background In March 1990, the complainant filed a sales application covering a parcel of land situated in Barangay Lower Bicutan in the Municipality of Taguig. The land (subject land) was previously part of Fort Andres...
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...CHAPTER 2 This chapter includes the review of related literature, review of related studies and review of other related Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) which helped the researchers in designing and developing their own CAI that was used in this research. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review includes discussion of technical terms like Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI), multimedia, and review of software packages in mathematics, studies on development, evaluation and validation of CAI materials. Instruction and Learning Instruction is the arrangement of information and environment to facilitate learning. By environment, we mean not only where instruction takes place but also the methods, media and equipment needed to convey information and guide the learner’s study. Information and environment can be arranged on a continuum from very formal to very informal. The relationship between information and environment can change depending on the instructional goal. The arrangement of information and the environment is normally the responsibility of the instructor and the designers of media. The choice of the strategy of instruction determines the environment (the methods, media, equipment and facilities) and how the information is assembled and used. The method can range from teacher control to learner control. Learning is the development of new knowledge, skills, or attitudes when the individual interacts with information and environment. Learning takes place...
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...a right recognized in Section 6, Article IV of the 1973 Philippine Constitution, 1 as well as the principle that laws to be valid and enforceable must be published in the Official Gazette or otherwise effectively promulgated, petitioners seek a writ of mandamus to compel respondent public officials to publish, and/or cause the publication in the Official Gazette of various presidential decrees, letters of instructions, general orders, proclamations, executive orders, letter of implementation and administrative orders. Specifically, the publication of the following presidential issuances is sought: a] Presidential Decrees Nos. 12, 22, 37, 38, 59, 64, 103, 171, 179, 184, 197, 200, 234, 265, 286, 298, 303, 312, 324, 325, 326, 337, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 368, 404, 406, 415, 427, 429, 445, 447, 473, 486, 491, 503, 504, 521, 528, 551, 566, 573, 574, 594, 599, 644, 658, 661, 718, 731, 733, 793, 800, 802, 835, 836, 923, 935, 961, 1017-1030, 1050, 1060-1061, 1085, 1143, 1165, 1166, 1242, 1246, 1250, 1278, 1279, 1300, 1644, 1772, 1808, 1810, 1813-1817, 1819-1826, 18291840, 1842-1847. b] Letter of Instructions Nos.: 10, 39, 49, 72, 107, 108, 116, 130, 136, 141, 150, 153, 155, 161, 173, 180, 187,...
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...JOVITO S. OLAZO, complainant, vs. JUSTICE DANTE O. TINGA (Ret.), respondent. DECISION BRION, J p: Before us is the disbarment case against retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Dante O. Tinga (respondent) filed by Mr. Jovito S. Olazo (complainant). The respondent is charged of violating Rule 6.02, 1 Rule 6.03 2 and Rule 1.01 3 of the Code of Professional Responsibility for representing conflicting interests. Factual Background In March 1990, the complainant filed a sales application covering a parcel of land situated in Barangay Lower Bicutan in the Municipality of Taguig. The land (subject land) was previously part of Fort Andres Bonifacio that was segregated and declared open for disposition pursuant to Proclamation No. 2476, 4 issued on January 7, 1986, and Proclamation No. 172, 5 issued on October 16, 1987. To implement Proclamation No. 172, Memorandum No. 119 was issued by then Executive Secretary Catalino Macaraig, creating a Committee on Awards whose duty was to study, evaluate, and make a recommendation on the applications to purchase the lands declared open for disposition. The Committee on Awards was headed by the Director of Lands and the respondent was one of the Committee members, in his official capacity as the Congressman of Taguig and Pateros (from 1987 to 1998); the respondent's district includes the areas covered by the proclamations. The First Charge: Violation of Rule 6.02 In the complaint, 6 the complainant claimed that the respondent abused his position...
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...Republic of the Philippines Supreme Court Manila FIRST DIVISION LYDIA C. GELIG, | | G.R. No. 173150 | Petitioner, | | | | | | | | Present: | | | | | | CORONA, C. J., Chairperson | - versus - | | VELASCO, JR., | | | LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, | | | DEL CASTILLO, and | | | PEREZ, JJ. | | | | PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, | | Promulgated: | Respondent. | | July 28, 2010 | x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x D E C I S I O N DEL CASTILLO, J.: An examination of the entire records of a case may be explored for the purpose of arriving at a correct conclusion, as an appeal in criminal cases throws the whole case open for review, it being the duty of the court to correct such error as may be found in the judgment appealed from.[1] Petitioner Lydia Gelig (Lydia) impugns the Decision[2] promulgated on January 10, 2006 by the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR No. 27488 that vacated and set aside the Decision[3] of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Cebu City, Branch 23, in Criminal Case No. CU-10314. The RTC Decision convicted Lydia for committing the complex crime of direct assault with unintentional abortion but the CA found her guilty only of the crime of slight physical injuries. Factual Antecedents On June 6, 1982, an Information[4] was filed charging Lydia with Direct...
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...[G.R. No. 132266. December 21, 1999] CASTILEX INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION, petitioner, vs. VICENTE VASQUEZ, JR. and LUISA SO VASQUEZ, and CEBU DOCTORS HOSPITAL, INC., respondents. The pivotal issue in this petition is whether an employer may be held vicariously liable for the death resulting from the negligent operation by a managerial employee of a company-issued vehicle. The antecedents, as succinctly summarized by the Court of Appeals, are as follows: On 28 August 1988, at around 1:30 to 2:00 in the morning, Romeo So Vasquez, was driving a Honda motorcycle around Fuente Osmea Rotunda. He was traveling counter-clockwise, (the normal flow of traffic in a rotunda) but without any protective helmet or goggles. He was also only carrying a Students Permit to Drive at the time. Upon the other hand, Benjamin Abad [was a] manager of Appellant Castilex Industrial Corporation, registered owner [of] a Toyota Hi-Lux Pick-up with plate no. GBW-794. On the same date and time, Abad drove the said company car out of a parking lot but instead of going around the Osmea rotunda he made a short cut against [the] flow of the traffic in proceeding to his route to General Maxilom St. or to Belvic St. In the process, the motorcycle of Vasquez and the pick-up of Abad collided with each other causing severe injuries to the former. Abad stopped his vehicle and brought Vasquez to the Southern Islands Hospital and later to the Cebu Doctors Hospital. On September 5, 1988, Vasquez died at the Cebu Doctors...
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...(LGUs) including computerizing their system and operations. In October 1999, respondent hired petitioner Anabel Benjamin (Anabel) who, since March 26, 2001, was the Project Data Controller of its Content Build Up (CBU) Department. The CBU Department of respondent collates and cleanses all the paper data gathered from the LGU-client which are then encoded and fed into the designed operating system. As the most senior member of the department, Anabel was its officer-in-charge. From 2002 to 2003, she administered the CBU functions of respondent's projects in Imus, Cavite and Mabini, Batangas.[1] Petitioner Renato Consolacion (Consolacion), a supervising data controller in respondent's Imus project, directly reported to Anabel.[2] By letter of March 20, 2003, the municipal assessor of Mabini, Batangas informed the manager of respondent that its real property tax administration database was not "100% complete," contrary to the report of respondent's supervising data controller Evangeline Repiano (Evangeline).[3] Melvin Tandoc (Tandoc), respondent's Technology Manager, thus sent Anabel a memorandum of March 27, 2003 reading: This is the first written complaint of such nature that we have received from our client. However, other complaints of the same nature have been conveyed to our TTS and/or Marketing Departments orally by Nasugbu, Batangas; Mariveles, Bataan; and Lucena City personnel. After several months of working in Imus, Cavite, [a] confidential assistant informed...
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...GENERAL TYPES OF LITERATURE Literature can generally be divided into two types: prose and poetry. Prose consists of those written within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs, while poetry refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone. I. Prose There are many types of prose. These include novels, biographies, short stories, contemporary dramas, legends, fables, essays, anecdotes, news and speeches. 1. Novel. This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events are taken from true-to-life stories and spans a long period of time. There are many characters involved. 2. Short Story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot, and one single impression. 3. Plays. This is presented in a stage. It is divided into acts and each act has many scenes. 4. Legends. These are fictitious narratives, usually about origins. 5. Fables. These are fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate things who speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes. 6. Anecdotes. These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader. 7. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event. 8. Biography. This deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his autobiography...
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...HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs EXPORT IMPACT FOR GOOD © International Trade Centre 2009 The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management...
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...Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, VOL. 6, NO.2, 2005 WEB-BASED SHOPPING: CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN NEW ZEALAND Gurvinder S Shergill Massey University Auckland, New Zealand G.S.Shergill@massey.ac.nz Zhaobin Chen Global Integration Ltd Auckland, New Zealand ben_chen46@hotmail.com ABSTRACT The growing use of Internet in New Zealand provides a developing prospect for E-marketers. If E-marketers know the factors affecting online New Zealand buyers’ behaviour, and the relationships between these factors and the type of online buyers, then they can further develop their marketing strategies to convert potential customers into active ones, while retaining existent online customers. This paper is part of larger study, and focuses on factors which online New Zealand buyers keep in mind while shopping online. It also investigates how different types of online buyers perceive websites differently. This research found that website design, website reliability/fulfilment, website customer service and website security/privacy are the four dominant factors which influence consumer perceptions of online purchasing. The four types of online New Zealand buyers; i.e., trial, occasional, frequent and regular online buyers; perceived the four website factors differently. These buyers have different evaluations of website design and website reliability/fulfilment but similar evaluations of website security/privacy issues, which implies that security/privacy issues...
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...State of the Nation Address of His Excellency Benigno S. Aquino III President of the Philippines To the Congress of the Philippines [This is an English translation of the SONA delivered at the Session Hall of the House of Representatives, Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City, on July 22, 2013] This is my fourth SONA; only two remain. Almost four years have passed since I was approached by various camps to urge me to run for the presidency. They said: “We know that our country’s problems cannot be solved in the blink of an eye, in one year, or even within the six-year term of a President. But just begin, and we will be one with you in nurturing change.” Even then, I was aware of the significant problems that I would have to face. From being a candidate, to being President, or even after I step down from office, the difficulties I will have to face are no joke. Widespread transformation of society is my objective, and I am aware that there are many things and many people I would have to confront in order to achieve this. But I was not raised by my parents to back down in the face of challenges. I would not be able to live with myself if I had refused the chance to alleviate the suffering the Filipino should not have to endure. We have answered the call, and those who have been with us from the start have only grown in number. I believe that if what I have been doing is right, then our allies will only grow. Just this May, I asked you, Boss, are we going in the right direction...
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