...Government: Immigration Policy Immigration is made up at the federal level; the guidelines are recognized with the route of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) in 1952. The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 was ratified to restraint illegal immigration, rejecting welfare assistance to undocumented immigrants and solidification consents against employers who hire them. While the White House has the control of enforcing immigration laws, the United States Congress has all the control over all immigration linked regulations. It is in the control of the Federal governments over immigrations laws that constantly being maintained by the U.S. Supreme Court, which have intimidated challenges by state legislature to single out immigrants. The Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution is understood...
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...light of the 2006 elections, certain key issues evolved to the forefront of United States politics. The elections spur rapid debate about these topics as people decide who will gain their precious votes. A central issue that evolved became the problem of illegal immigration as it pertains to the United States border and more exclusively, the border of Mexico. The issue at hand is the problem of too many Mexican immigrants crossing over the United States border illegally. Immigration has been at the forefront of American politics for some time now. The issue is not only of recent concern, but of past concern as well. For most of the United States’ history, illegal immigrants have continually crossed the border into the United States. The branches of government involved in this situation is most likely all three of them. The judicial branch has no direct connection as of yet, but a court case can be seen in the future having to deal with this issue of illegal immigration. The executive and legislative branches are most directly involved by dealing with the creating of new legislation and executing it. The legislative branch has passed the necessary laws needed to deal with the illegal immigration issue such as the 700 mile fence across the border of the US and Mexico. The public officials involved with illegal immigration are numerous. The President all the way down to the small city officials cope and strategize about this issue. Cities and state official deal with...
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...Understanding Immigration Federalism Jorge L. Velez POL201: American National Government 08/26/2014 According to elected officials and policy advocates we the United States are going through a period of demographic change, with the flooding of immigrants, that is causing major concerns culturally and economically throughout the states. A lot of these states and localities are unaccustomed to these types of changes, so they along with the federal government are being responsible on implementing immigration-related demands in the United States and the emergence of what’s being called “immigration federalism”. But as you will soon see, the immigration is felt differently in different parts of the country, and these immigration laws are not always needed or used the right way. The enforcement of our immigration laws were federally controlled at one point, with the local law enforcement supporting us upon request, but with time this has changed. The federal government started to delegate enforcement power to the local level in 1996 with the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). The IIRIRA included the clause known as section 287(g) inviting county, state, and city law agencies to partner up with the federal government to enforce violations of federal immigration law, by offering to train officers in the local law agencies, police departments and others to screen and arrest whoever they suspected to be an unauthorized immigrant. Before the...
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...battle of illegal immigration is a major issue in the United States that has been a constant issue for many years. The issues of illegal immigration are described as the migration of foreign citizens into the United States of America. This is done through illegal routes, such as hiding on boats porting in the United States, crossing through miles of treacherous terrain illegally to jump the borders of Mexico, and violating the agreement of a tourist visa as well as illegally boarding planes bound for the United States. It is a known fact that the men and women who enter this country do not meet the legal requirements to enter the United States from foreign countries. The research conducted will describe the issues of illegal immigration, whether the current policy is a regulatory or legislative-initiated policy, and the issue with the policy. A review of the possible constitutional violations will be described as well as if this issue or policy will affect the community, the accused, and the victims of any crimes committed by the illegal immigrants. The Issue The policy makers of the American government typically will take multiple routes in taking care of these issues before needing to develop a policy that will assist in combatting the concerns of the government. The existing immigration policies have been active for many years and for that same amount of time the policies have been questioned and scrutinized. The problems arising from illegal immigration have shown the violation...
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...Corporate Lobbying and Immigration Policies in Canada – Ludovic Rheault – University of Montreal The article examines the issue of whether special interest groups affect the behaviour of politicians and the debate is especially relevant to understand immigration policies. It is stated that the usual suspects behind expansive immigration policies are private firms, who would benefit from depressive impact of foreign labour on wages. The article’s objective is precisely to examine the impact of corporate lobbying on the levels of immigration in Canada. The article’s first argument is that national industries are unequally affected by changes in the skill composition of labour. Rheault states that “rather an advocating an unconditional expansion of immigration levels, the business community is more likely to agree on the desirability of policy tools allowing the selection of migrants with specific skills and backgrounds.” (Rheault, 2013). Rheault focuses on economic permanent immigration (immigrants selected using a point system accounting for educational attainment) and temporary workers (who are selected based on their occupation). Rheault’s argument emphasizes that even if special interests can exert a significant influence on policy makers motivated by re-election, the equilibrium response of governments depends on the complementarity between those two types of immigration. (Rheault, 2013). The idea that businesses play a key role in the shaping of immigration policies has been...
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...Rovelo Public Opinion Polling Assignment U.S.Government 2301.4423 Table of Contents Introduction Page 1 Demographics Charts Page 2-5 Data Charts Page 6-8 Summary Page 9-11 Sources Page 12 Questionnaire Page 13 Signatures Page 14-16 ------------------------------------------------- Introduction Illegal Immigration Illegal immigration has been an issue in the United States for more years than I’ve been alive. Some might even say the early settlers where the first illegal immigrants. Ever since September 11, 2001 illegal immigration has become an issue in the forefront. With Hispanics coming across the borders in large numbers, some people (myself included) are concerned with how easy it would for terrorists to enter. Being married to a Hispanic female who immigrated to this country legally as a child and having a brother-in-law who is employed by Immigration and Customs Enforcement, I have a direct attachment to this issue. I also deal with illegal immigrants as a peace officer. I have always seen those who are here illegally as a federal government issue until such time as they commit a crime. I also believe that deporting the millions of illegal immigrants here is a task that would require more resources than we have, not to mention that it would be almost impossible to complete. Amnesty for those already here who are not committing crimes is a solution that I believe best serves our country. Knowing my feelings...
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...Peter Kimani Kamau: AF2344 California State University East Bay University MBA: 6215 Business Government and Society Abstract The focus of this final project is the Department of Immigration Services of Kenya (DISK). It is a department under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Interior and Coordination of the National Government; responsible for registering and maintaining of an all-encompassing population register, managing migration of people, control of borders and supervising the welfare of refugees in Kenya. DISK is responsible for facilitating international travel and regulating citizenship, residency, entry and exit in Kenya. This paper describes the history and set up of DISK and highlights corruption and unethical practices that subsists within the department, consequently presenting a threat to social justice and economic development in Kenya. The paper introduces the findings of an examination on systems, policies, procedures and practices that promote corrupt practices at the DISK, conducted by Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC), an agency mandated by the Government of Kenya (GOK) to ensure that public resources in Kenya are managed through prudent and transparent systems. The paper also draws comparisons between corrupt and unethical practices as viewed by local Kenyans Vis-a Vis the views of corruption in the eyes of Western countries. We have also compared Kenyan corruption index against other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and developed countries...
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...“Aging Europe and the looming pension crisis.” 1. Why have governments tended to avoid the problem of pension reform? Why is it harder to avoid the problem in the 21st century? How the demographic changes have created problems for pensions? Governments are worried about the sustainability of current pension schemes as changes in demographics are indicating that these schemes will not be able to sustain themselves in a few years time. Fertility rates heavily increased in the post World War II period (1960 a representative year) and decreased subsequently, creating the “baby boom”, which has been an important factor in the 21st century population aging. Current fertility rates are experiencing historic lows; at an European Union (EU ) average 1.58 live births per woman, it is significantly below the level needed to replace the population (2.1) . Such changes have significantly increased the average percentage of EU population aged 65 and over, from 9.6% in 1960 to 16% in 2010, which is expected to increase to 22.6% by 2030 . This statistic shows that increasingly more people will have to be supported by government pensions. In the EU the average life expectancy at birth has risen by 10 years over the last 50 years , which means that pension schemes have to support each member increasingly longer than before. The average old age dependency ratio (OADR) in the EU, which measures the amount of elderly people for every 100 people of working age, has increased from 15% in 1960...
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...statement: This essay discusses two major reasons that brings about the exploitation of workers in developed countries, including workers’ educational level and labor legislation, and it provides two suggestions to solve the issue in terms of education of workers and government policies. II. Body: A. Causes a. Illiteracy and low level of education 1. ↓Level of education →↑risk of exploitation (Núnez & Livanos,2010) 2. Illiteracy →easier to accept exploitation (Chan,2004) 3. ↓Knowledge of laws→inability to protect themselves from exploitation (Lenard & Straehle, 2010) b. Poor labor legislation 1. Host countries restrict immigration →immigration laws unfavorable to immigrant workers (Misra, 2007) → ↑exploitation 2. Loopholes in law → being taken advantage of by employers (Gomberg-Munoz & Nussbaum-Barberena, 2011) 3. Flexible labor market → insufficient restriction (Miller, 2012) B. Solutions a. Education 1. ↑Educational level (e.g. Italy, Fullin & Reyneri ,2011) ↘ 2. ↑Practical skills → less exploitation of workers 3. ↑ Knowledge about labor laws (Zhang,2010) ↗ b. Developing labor laws and policies 1. Immigration laws and policies → more migrant-based (Misra ,2007) 2. Reasonable wages and working condition + more pressure on employers ...
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...Question 1: Briefly describe the main features of the Australian labour market focusing on the issues of government regulations, role of the unions and immigration. Attempt to model the labour market in Australia using the economic model of demand and supply. In particular, demonstrate how you can incorporate in this model the issues of market segmentation according to the difference in workers’ skills as well as the impact of government regulations and immigration. Australia has a total population of approximately 23 million people, a labour force participation rate of 65.1% and an unemployment rate of 5.6% (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). The Australian labour market is subject to both government regulation and immigration, which in combination with Unions and differences in worker’s skills (or human capital) create issues of labour market segmentation (Department of Education, Employment & Workplace Relations 2013). Australian labour markets are highly regulated in terms of minimum wage laws (Garnaut, Ganguly & Kang 2003). This creates an unequal distribution of employment to those possessing high levels of human capital, when contrasted to employment of those with low human capital (Garnaut, Ganguly & Kang 2003). This is because minimum wage laws put a potentially binding wage floor on wages paid. Thus, when the labour supply increases for low skilled work; due to immigration or the incentive of minimum wage, the outcome can result in a labour surplus. This is due to...
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...POLSCI 200 Why Can’t the Government Pass the New Immigration Reform? Our nation is currently faced with many problems and the one that still seems to stand out is an immigration reform. Many of those who reside in the U.S may not see it as a big issue, but in reality it really is. Even though many presidents including Obama tried to adopt the immigration reform, the policy has been murky since Naturalization Act of 1790. The federal government developed a cohesive procedure for naturalization. Immigrants at that time were granted citizenship after living in the U.S. for at least 2 years without criminal records. Every President since Dwight D. Eisenhower has taken executive action at some point regarding to immigration reform. With the last immigration reform act passed in 1986, the time to fix a broken immigration system is long overdue. Since the United States has been highly populated with diverse population including documented or undocumented immigrants, the government could have considered adopting the immigration reform specifically and permanently. Apparently, there are some reasons that take many years to process an immigration reform in Congress such as polarization in Congress, Federalism, courts’ decision, media impaction, and interest groups. It is hard to believe that why the government is not fully paying enough attention to immigration reform bill that is one of the most important not only for country itself but also for its economy. Now, we have estimated...
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...Unlawful Burden: Cost of Illegal Immigration on Local Government Abstract What is the cost of illegal immigration today on state and local governments? This has become a hot topic at the federal, state and local levels with a wide variety of opinions. This paper will explore both sides of the issue with a closer look at the state and local impact on taxpayers. Cost of Illegal Immigration Today it is estimated that the annual costs of illegal immigration at the federal, state and local level to be nearly $113 billion dollars, with approximately $84 billion dollars being spent on the state and local levels alone. Recent studies have also estimates that taxes collected from illegal alien workers, both in the above-ground economy and in the underground economy do not come close to the amount of current expenditures. The impact of illegal immigrants on the federal budget differs from their effect on state and local budgets primarily because of the types of services provided by each level of government. The federal government while providing some services requires state and local governments to provide certain services to individuals regardless of their immigration status or ability to pay in order for them to participate in federal programs. This has made most states and local governments bear much of the burden to providing education, health care and law enforcement to individuals living in their jurisdiction. Budgetary Effect of Illegal Immigration The Congressional Budget...
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...Public Policy Issues May 01, 2013 Public Policy Issues Immigration is the introduction of new people into a habitat or population. The land of the free, America is the place immigrants migrate to in search of a new life. For well over two centuries, people have flocked under this nation's protective wings as opportunists, sojourners, missionaries, refugees, and even illegal aliens. Over time, millions around the world have found emigrating to the U.S. as the only alternative to starvation, death, or a life full of hardship and suffering. With thousands from nations spanning the globe, America has become a mosaic of people, culture, and hope. Immigration is a public policy that currently affects millions. There are two groups that are both fighting for and against immigration. There is a special interest group called Tea Party is currently fighting against immigration and was as the United Farm Workers is a labor coalition that fights for immigrations. The singular purpose mindset is the main advantage that special interest groups have over political parties. The reason being is that special interests groups can focus their energy, time and money on one specific issue, compared to political parties who cover a variety of issues, and do not weigh in too heavily on one issue in itself. If political parties get caught up focusing on one issue they can lose the parties overall directive when arguing too much for or against that one single issue (Texas Politics, 2009). A good...
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...English161 The competition between immigrants and natives for low-wage jobs Among all nations, immigration is always a hot topic especially in the Untied States because the country is highly mixed with people from different nationalities. Immigration contains two kinds of immigrants, legal and illegal. Undocumented immigrants that come to the U.S. under the low are illegal immigrants. Their presence come into notice by people who naturally born in the U.S. Some people say that illegal immigration is a great stimulation that can improve the economy in many ways. For example, immigrants quickly fill the low-wage jobs which employers need, and spending the money back to the economy by purchasing products to live off. Others say that illegal immigration reduces wages for native-born Americans since the immigrants are taking over the low-wage jobs and willing to work even for lower wage. I say that even though illegal immigration has some undeniably positive economic effects, the impact on the working poor is negative. Even the illegal immigration generally helps economic growth, it hurts native working poor who live in poverty in the U.S. indeed. These days, more and more people try to come to the U.S. illegally to try to get better opportunities for jobs or make a better living. They quickly fill in low-income jobs, and work hard with lower wages than native-born Americans. It makes employers hard to reject them because the intense competition in the U.S. economy; they need...
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...United States” (Procon.org, Should the Government Allow Immigrants Who Are Here Illegally to Become US Citizens?). As you can see, there's quite a few. It's a Individual right for any legal citizen to have privileges such as healthcare, education, and job opportunities. However, illegal immigrants,...
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