...What is Emergent Literacy? Emergent Literacy is the reading and writing concept, behavior and dispositions that precede and develop into conventional reading and writing. Recently the term “reading readiness” has given way “emergent literacy” by which we mean the many skills children need for reading and writing. From the time they were born and continuing through the preschool years, each child picks up in his or her own way. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all part of emergent literacy. Literacy really begins when an infant coos or babbles, then hears those sound repeated by a responsive and loving adults. These early conversation, which can make adults feel a little silly, and a gentle introduction to spoken language and will soon change into soon change into the sound and rhythms of language. Adults encourage these beginning steps in to language by singing, saying nursery rhymes, doing finger play and sharing picture books. Reading Readiness vs Emergent Literacy Reading readiness has been defined as a point at which a person is ready to learn to read and the time during which a person transition from begin a non-reader into a reader. Other terms for reading readiness include early literacy while emergent literacy is how young children interact with books when reading and writing, even though they could not read or write in the conventional sense. According to piaget theory of cognitive development the concept of reading readiness refers to the...
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...Argument Synthesis Liliana Cross Post University Is technology helping students in the classroom rather than traditional printed textbooks? Studies have shown technology such as tablets are more helpful than textbooks schools get each year. Harcourt (n.d.) used a "digital version of the Algebra 1 textbook for Apple's iPad in California's Riverside Unified School District." (para. 10) Students had a 20% higher test score using the digital version than the printed textbooks. Each year school's spend about $7 billion on out of date printed textbooks. By them switching to tablets, schools could save about $3 billion. So why do schools not want to make the change? Textbooks are usually seven to ten years out of date when schools buy them. Therefore, the students are not getting the most current information they need to learn. With tablets, students and teachers would be able to stay up to date with all and any information they need. Tablets are much lighter than print textbooks. They can hold hundreds of textbooks, save the environment by lowering the amount of printing, increase student interactivity, and creativity, and that digital textbooks are cheaper than print textbook. “…in 2006, the U.S. book industry consumed approximately 30 million trees and had a carbon footprint equivalent to 12.4 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, or 8.85 pounds per book sold.” (Green Press Initiative and the Book Industry Study Group. 2008) Paper books can be recycled, though at this point...
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...EARLY CHILDHOOD: Physical, Cognitive and Psychosocial Development Bodily Growth and Change Around age 3, children lose “baby roundness” ◦ Limbs lengthen, height increases Cartilage turns to bone faster Brain Development By 6 years, brain is at 95% peak volume Corpus callosum, linking left and right hemispheres, improves functioning Most rapid growth in areas that support thinking, language, and spatial relations Motor Skills Gross ◦ Involves large muscle groups ◦ Jumping and running Fine ◦ Using eye-hand and smallmuscle coordination ◦ Buttoning a shirt, drawing pictures Handedness Usually evident by age 3 Heritability Cognitive Development: Symbolic Function The ability to use symbols that have meaning ◦ Words ◦ Numbers ◦ Images Examples ◦ Deferred imitation ◦ Pretend play and language DEFERRED IMITATION • Having a mental representation of a previously observed event PRETEND PLAY • Play involving imaginary people and situations Understanding Objects in Space Why is it hard for children under age 3 to understand scale models and maps? Because they need to keep more than one mental representation in the mind at one time Advancing spatial thinking: • Using simple maps and models becomes easier after age 3 Causality Transduction: Mentally linking phenomena, whether logical or not • “My parents got a divorce because I was bad.” Familiar settings...
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...The Association Between School-Based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Adolescent and School Health www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth Revised Version — July 2010 (Replaces April 2010 Early Release) Acknowledgments: This publication was developed for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH) under contract #200-2002-00800 with ETR Associates. Suggested Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . 5 Introduction . 8 Methods 10 Conceptual Definitions . 10 Inclusion Criteria . 10 Identification of Studies that Met the Inclusion Criteria . 11 Classification of Studies . 11 Study Coding Process . 12 Data Analysis . 13 Results . 14 School-Based Physical Education Studies . 16 Recess Studies . 19 Classroom Physical Activity Studies . 21 Extracurricular Physical Activity Studies . 24 28 Summary . Overall Findings . 28 Findings for Physical...
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...1.1 Human Resource Management (HRM) Human Resource Management is the design of formal systems in an Organization to ensure effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish Organizational goals. (Source: - Robert L. Mathis/& John H. Jackson, Human Resource Management. 10th edition.) Human resource management is the set of activities directed at attracting, developing and maintaining the effective workforce necessary to achieve a firm’s objectives. Because the HR function is central to a firm’s success, top managers should adopt a strategic perspective on it. This achieves ‘fit’ between the business and HR strategy. Here, employees are considered as assets or human capital to be invested in through the provision of learning opportunities and the development of a learning organisation and are viewed as a source of competitive advantage. The overall purpose of HRM is to ensure that the organisation is able to achieve success through people. The methods used vary in according to countries. The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and...
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...used to identify the use of a transparency related to the material in this section. This icon is used to identify a key point in the material. Child Growth and Development 3 p.2 We often hear people refer to children’s growth and development. Are ―growth‖ and ―development‖ the same thing? What does each of these terms mean? •Growth refers to specific body changes and increases in the child’s size (such as:height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index). These size changes can easily be measured. Growth •Development typically refers to an increase in complexity (a change from simple to more complex) Involves a progression along a continuing pathway on which the child aquires more refined knowledge, behavior, and skills. The sequence is basically the same for all children, however the rate varies. Child Growth and Development 4 Growth (p.3) We defined growth as specific body changes and increases in the child’s size. During the first year of an infant’s life, babies can grow 10 inches in length and triple their birth weight. After the first year, a baby’s...
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...Philippine Education For All 2015: Implementation and Challenges I. General Introduction 1. Filipinos have deep regard to for education. Education occupies a central place in Philippine political, economic social and cultural life. It has always been strongly viewed as a pillar of national development and a primary avenue for social and economic mobility. 2. A clear evidence of the value placed on education is the proportion of the national government budget going to the sector. The Department of Education (DepEd), the country’s biggest bureaucracy 1 , is given the highest budget allocation among government agencies each year as required by the 1987 Philippine Constitution.2 3. The 1987 Constitution likewise guarantees the right to education of every Filipino. It provided that, “The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all.” . 4. The right of every Filipino to quality basic education is further emphasized in Republic Act 9155 or the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. Along with Republic Act 6655 or the Free Secondary Education Act, these laws reaffirm the policy of the State to protect and promote the rights of all Filipinos by providing children free and compulsory education in the elementary and high school level. This pertains to six years of free tuition fees for children aged 6 to 11, and free four years of secondary schooling for those aged...
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...Michael Kropac Dalit Empowerment and Vocational Education An Impact Study © 2006 by Michael Kropac Winkelriedplatz 2 4053 Basel, Switzerland 0041 (0)61 361 36 03 Mail: kropac@gmail.com For all people of Navsarjan who resolutely follow their ideal of an egalitarian society Preface and Acknowledgements Preface and Acknowledgements The present work is based on my thesis submitted to the University of Basel (Switzerland) in December 2005. Ever since I have started to study Geography, I wanted to write a thesis that would be read by more people than only my supervisors and would prove to be useful in some way. A traineeship during my studies as well as various projects and a general interest to discover the ‘mystery’ called India had brought me to the subcontinent several times since 2002, and it was soon clear to me I would focus on a topic in the Indian context. Even before I visited India for the first time I knew that it was not only about the Taj Mahal, tigers and finding enlightenment in some yoga class, but also about development, poverty and caste. Once in India, the contrast between vibrant economic development and widespread poverty became more than obvious, but the idea of caste remained somehow ambiguous. As foreigners are often only able to speak English, they can only communicate directly with those strata of society who also speak this language – most often these are not the poor or deprived of the Indian society, but those at the ‘upper’...
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...------------------------------------------------- Nursery rhyme From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia See also: Children's music and Children's song Illustration of "Hey Diddle Diddle", a popular nursery rhyme A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for young children in Britain and many other countries, but usage only dates from the late 18th/early 19th century and in North America the term Mother Goose Rhymes, introduced in the mid-18th century, is still often used.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 History * 1.1 Lullabies * 1.2 Early nursery rhymes * 1.3 19th century * 2 Meanings of nursery rhymes * 3 Nursery rhyme revisionism * 4 Nursery rhymes and education * 5 See also * 6 Notes ------------------------------------------------- History[edit] Lullabies[edit] Main article: Lullaby The oldest children's songs of which we have records are lullabies, intended to help a child sleep. Lullabies can be found in every human culture.[2] The English term lullaby is thought to come from "lu, lu" or "la la" sound made by mothers or nurses to calm children, and "by by" or "bye bye", either another lulling sound, or a term for good night.[3] Until the modern era lullabies were usually only recorded incidentally in written sources. The Roman nurses' lullaby, "Lalla, Lalla, Lalla, aut dormi, aut lacta", is recorded in a scholiumon Persius and may be the oldest to survive.[4] Many medieval English verses associated with the birth of Jesus take...
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...CHAPTER 3 SELECTING AND USING ASSESSMENTS Introduction This chapter will address three issues: (a) the institutional assessment needs of workforce development organizations, (b) the assessment needs of individual youth to help make informed choices about their careers, and (c) the practical needs of practitioners for information about how to select and use different assessment tools. At the end of this chapter, Exhibit 3.1 contains information that can be used to help with the selection and use of assessments, including a directory of commonly used published tests. Meeting Institutional Assessment Needs Agencies and organizations in the workforce system use assessments to meet institutional needs in two ways-to determine a youth's eligibility for services and to document achievement of program goals by assessing the progress of program participants. The number of participants served and achievement of program goals can impact the amount of funding an organization receives. Funding for the youth programs considered in this guide may come from the Department of Education, the Department of Labor, other federal agencies, states, local governmental agencies, or a combination of these. Table 1.2 in Chapter 1 summarizes the eligibility and assessment requirements of IDEA, WIA Title I, and the Rehabilitation Act. More specific information on assessments mandated or permitted by several federal funding sources may be found in Appendix A. (Mandated assessments are...
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...Chapter 1: Strategic Role of HRM Strategic Role of Human Resources Management Human Resources Management (HRM): management of people in organizations to drive successful organizational performance and achievement of organization's strategic goals - Attract, retain, engage diverse talent - Hire best, develop talent, create productive work environment ** HR Strategy align with Company Strategy Better HR practices = Better Organizational performance Which practices? ○ Profit Sharing Result? Positive Relationship with turnover, productivity, corporate performance ○ Results Oriented Performance Appraisal ○ Employment Security Human Resource Management Responsibilities 1) Traditional: Operational (Administrative) Category - Hire/maintain employees - Offer advice - Plan future workforce requirements - Appraising performance - Disciplining/counselling - Health and safety - Complaints Handling Outsourcing: using outside vendors to handle specified functions on permanent basis Employee counselling, recruitment, payroll, training, benefits administration 2) Strategic Category - Strategic partner ○ Help achieve strategic objectives Strategy: company's plan on how it will balance internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats to maintain competitive advantage • HR Challenge: building leadership pipeline (manage talent shortage) Role in Formulating Strategy - HR professionals + line managers do environmental scanning: identify and analyze...
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...Chapter 1 – Strategic Human Res. Mgn Chapter 1: Strategic HRM HR functions: all relative to the company’s performance - analysis and design of work - employee relations -recruiting -selection - training and development - performance management - compensation - supporting the organizations strategy Environmental trends impacting HRM - Changes in the labour force * Aging workforce * Diverse Workforce * Labour unions * Contigent employees * Skill deficiencies - High Performance Work Systems * Knowledge workers * Employee engagement * Teamwork * Increasing education - Change in the employment relationship * New psychological contract * Organizational culture/climate - Others: * Economic conditions * Technological changes * Government * Globalization Chapter 2 – Changing Legal Emphasis There are 14 jurisdictions, 10 provinces, 3 territories and Canada as a whole for employment laws. - Provincial/territorial employment laws govern 90% of population - Federal employment legislation governs the other 10%. The legal framework for employment also includes constitutional law, particularly the Charter of rights and Freedom; acts of Parliament; common law (wrongful dismissal) and contract law. Regulations: legally binding rules established for the special regulatory bodies (ministry of labour, human rights commission) created to enforce compliance with the law and aid in its interpretation....
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...BELHAVEN UNIVERSITY Jackson, Mississippi A CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES FOUNDED IN 1883 CATALOGUE 2014-2015 EFFECTIVE JUNE 1, 2014 Directory of Communication Mailing Address: Belhaven University 1500 Peachtree St. Jackson, MS 39202 Belhaven University 535 Chestnut St. Suite 100 Chattanooga, TN 37402 Belhaven University 7111 South Crest Parkway Southaven, MS 38671 Belhaven University – LeFleur 4780 I-55 North Suite 125 Jackson, MS 39211 Belhaven University 15115 Park Row Suite 175 Houston, TX 77084 Belhaven University Online 1500 Peachtree St. Box 279 Jackson, MS 39202 Belhaven University 1790 Kirby Parkway Suite 100 Memphis, TN 38138 Belhaven University 4151 Ashford Dunwoody Rd. Suite 130 Atlanta, GA 30319 Belhaven University 5200 Vineland Rd. Suite 100 Orlando, FL 32811 Traditional Admission Adult and Graduate Studies Admission – Jackson Atlanta Chattanooga Desoto Houston Memphis Orlando Alumni Relations/Development Belhaven Fax Business Office Campus Operations Integrated Marketing Registrar Student Life Security Student Financial Planning Student Development Online Admission Online Student Services (601) 968-5940 or (800) 960-5940 (601) 968-5988 or Fax (601) 352-7640 (404) 425-5590 or Fax (404) 425-5869 (423) 265-7784 or Fax (423) 265-2703 (622) 469-5387 (281) 579-9977 or Fax (281) 579-0275 (901) 896-0184 or Fax (901) 888-0771 (407) 804-1424 or Fax (407) 367-3333 (601) 968-5980 (601) 968-9998 (601) 968-5901 (601) 968-5904 (601) 968-5930 (601) 968-5922...
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...Managing Human Resources, 14e, Bohlander/Snell - © 2007 Thomson South-Western © STONE/GETTY IMAGES chapter 15 International Human Resources Management After studying this chapter, you should be able to objective Identify the types of organizational forms used for competing internationally. objective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Identify the unique training needs for international assignees and their employees. objective Explain the economic, politicallegal, and cultural factors in different countries that HR managers need to consider. objective Identify the characteristics of a good international compensation plan. objective Explain how domestic and international HRM differ. objective Reconcile the difficulties of home- and host-country performance appraisals. objective Discuss the staffing process for individuals working internationally. objective Explain how labor relations differ around the world. PART 6 Expanding Human Resources Management Horizons 639 Managing Human Resources, 14e, Bohlander/Snell - © 2007 Thomson South-Western 640 PART 6 Expanding Human Resources Management Horizons W hen you pick up a newspaper or turn on the TV, you’ll notice that stories are constantly being told about companies competing globally. These stories might include mergers of U.S. and international companies, such as Daimler-Benz and Chrysler a few years ago. Or they might highlight companies expanding into other...
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...reproduction. The two major parts of our nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made of the brain and spinal cord. The cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia make up the PNS. The cranial nerves connect to the brain. The cranial and spinal nerves contain the axons (fibres) of sensory and motor nerve cells. Nerve cells areas are also known as neurons. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They carry information or impulses as electrical signals from one place to another in the body. There are 3 types of neurons: Sensory Neurons- Sensory neurons carry electrical signals (impulses) from receptors or sense organs to the CNS. Sensory neurons are also called afferent neurons. The cell body of sensory neurons is outside the CNS in ganglia. Motor Neurons- Motor Neurons Carry Impulses From The CNS To Effector Organs Motor Neurons Are Also Called Efferent Neurons. The Cell Bodies Of Motor Neurons Are Inside The CNS. Interneurons- These are also called intermediate, relay, or associative neurons. They carry information between sensory and motor neurons. They are found in the CNS. TOP The Structure of Neurons A Neuron consists of THREE MAIN PARTS: A. CELL BODY - The largest part, contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm (area between the nucleus and the cell membrane), most of the metabolic activity of the cell, including the generation of ATP (Adenine Triphosphate Compound that...
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