...PUNJAB LOCAL GOVERNMENT BILL 2012 (A CRITICAL ANALYSIS) By: Amjad Nazeer RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY INSTITUTE (RDPI) & PRACTICAL ACTION (August 2012) Islamabad PUNJAB LOCAL GOVERNMENT BILL 2012 (A CRITICAL ANALYSIS) Theoretical Context: Believed to be an integral part of democratic system of governance, it is the third tier of local governance that is highly argued about and advocated in contemporary times. Closer to the people and representatives of their essential needs and aspirations, it holds tremendous potential for civic comfort, environmental peace, social justice and economic development. One can hardly find any progressive or progressing state in the world that is either not evolving or thriving with an efficient and autonomous system of devolved governance. Not interchangeable though, notions like deconcentration, devolution and delegation hinge around the modalities and practices of decentralization. Richard Bird (1994) defines decentralization as “the degree of independent decision making exercised at the local level.” In theory decentralization is sometimes classified into three forms of governance i.e. delegation, deconcentration and devolution (Cheema and Rodinelli 1983). If the dispensation of services is removed from the centre and delivered through representatives of the central government, this is termed as ‘deconcentration’ (Smith 1967), while ‘delegation’ stands for a case, where local government functions as an agent of the federal...
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...“Local Economic Development can only be effective if all actors work in partnership.” Consider the arguments for and against this statement. Introduction With the ongoing discussions on universal development for all for sustainable economic growth, countries and regional bodies are focusing on the drivers for local growth within the different economic spheres. An important group for driving growth is local actors as one of the key stakeholders in this process. Ideally these partners should come from the government, private sector, civil society and community groups. This is to enable inclusion of all stakeholders involved and for collective responsibility. Governments mainly have been under pressure to build or realign institutions to function at local level and to create policies for their stakeholders that are inclusive. For the developed countries, focus is on allowing for bottom-up approaches like the Enterprise Zones and Local Enterprise Partnerships while for developing countries with large informal economies and weak institutions, the approaches vary partly due to failed policies in the past and the slow economic growth. On the international scale, development organisations have been tasked with coming up with better ways of dealing with particular regions characteristics to avoid the ‘one size fits all’ approach that previously existed. This has been deemed to be a more effective way of achieving sustainable growth. (UN Habitat, 2009) However the issue around how...
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...The role local of leaders and Elites in the development of my community Table of content Introduction…………………………………………………………...….3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND PROFILE OF MY COMMUNITY…….4 ROLES OF LOCAL LEADERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MY COMMUNITY…………………………………………………………….5 ROLES OF THE ELITES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MY COMMUNITY…7 DEVELOPMENT AND MY COMMUNITY………………………….…….7 CONCLUSION………………………………………………...…………10 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………..11 INTRODUCTION The impact socio-economic impact small local communities make on a state and a country cannot be over emphasized. The Local leaders are individuals/indigenes of a community chosen to represent the Views, plans and aspirations of the community people. They comprise of the heads of families, youth Leaders, Heads of clans, community elders and e.t.c Depending on the peculiarity of the community. The emphasis or major characteristics of the Local leaders definition lays claim to the fact that “they should belong to the small community they represent. The Elite is the term from the Latin word “Eligene” it means to elect. (Sultana, 2009) The Elite people of a community are most times small, depending on the community they come from. They are individuals of high social status compared to other members of the community. Relating this definition to the Ugborodo community, the Local leaders are leaders that are from the five constituencies that make up the Ugborodo community. Which are Ogidigben, Madangho, Ode-Urhobo...
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...REGIONAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Since the early 1990’s consecutive Australian governments have recognised the importance of regional development to relieve the effects of urban sprawl and to bridge the gap between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. In Australia, the role of regional development has traditionally been driven by both state and local governments. This said, the Commonwealth Government has consistently offered support and leadership in addressing regional challenges and promoting economic development. While Commonwealth intervention makes sense in terms of financial capacity, this intervention has often resulted in unnecessary and costly overlap and duplication between national, state and local governments. A national framework adequately funded, resourced and linked specifically to each local government would provide a more sensible approach to achieving long-term sustainable outcomes for regional communities. In 2008 the Commonwealth Government set up 55 Regional Development Australia (RDA) Committees to bring together national, state and local bodies and provide a united and consistent approach to regional Australia. This assignment will review the role and effectiveness of RDA Committees in addressing economic, environmental and social change in regional Australia and thereby question the effectiveness of government in the delivery of regional development. In doing so, the assignment highlights the importance of local programs (based on community...
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...CPMR Research Report 5 Changing Local Government A Review of the Local Government Modernisation Programme Richard Boyle, Peter C. Humphreys, Orla O’Donnell, Joanna O’Riordan, Virpi Timonen CPMR 1 CPMR Research Report 5 Changing Local Government A Review of the Local Government Modernisation Programme Richard Boyle Peter C. Humphreys Orla O’Donnell Joanna O’Riordan Virpi Timonen 2 First published in 2003 by the Institute of Public Administration 57-61 Lansdowne Road Dublin 4 Ireland in association with The Committee for Public Management Research www.ipa.ie © 2003 with the Institute of Public Administration. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 902448 98 7 ISSN 1393-9424 Cover design by Butler Claffey, Dún Laoghaire Typeset by the Institute of Public Administration Printed by Future Print, Dublin 3 CONTENTS Executive Summary 7 Part 1: Chapter 1: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 SETTING THE SCENE FOR THE STUDY Introduction Focus of report Study background and terms of reference Study approach and methodology Report structure 18 18 18 19 ...
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...Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 5 (3), Serial No. 20, May, 2011 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Local Government Administration and Development: A Survey of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria (Pp. 148-156) Otoghile, Aiguosatile - Department of Political Science, and Public Administration, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Edigin, Lambert Uyi - Department of Political Science, and Public Administration, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria E-mail: lambertedigin@yahoo.com Abstract The need to escape conditions of underdevelopment by the provision of adequate facilities for its citizenry is the concern of any nation state. It has also been accepted that this is better done by bringing government closer to the people. This underscores the philosophy behind the creation of local governments. In Nigeria however, it is sad to note that local governments have performed far below expectations in the above direction. It is in this wise that this paper takes a survey of the opinions of people in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Using simple percentages to analyze responses to questions, the authors found out that though funds available to local governments are grossly inadequate, there is the general impression that the little money made available are directed into private pockets. It is our recommendations that local governments should increase their revenue base and also ensure proper accountability. Copyright (c)...
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...1. Adequate capacities of local institution to ensure the appropriate services to peoples. As the authority which governed its own regional governance, they need to make sure to have the capacities in serving or providing services according to the needs of peoples in the regional governance. According to Merriam-Webster (2015), the capacity is defines as actual or ability to perform an activity according to several requirements. The local authority or local government, as its responsibilities to deliver services which appropriates for peoples in regional governance in make sure it fulfill the needs by people. An appropriate services may determines through several collection of demand gained through comments and critics, however, due to our situations today as the development of technology was crazily fluctuate, so the local government need to consider in providing services which aligns with changes of technology development. Based on local government in United Kingdom, they had implemented the Customer Relation Management (CRM), as before used by most private sectors in order to collect the purchase, keeping the history and the extension; which based on the continuation of customer in getting their products or services (King, S. F., 2007). The implementation of such technology into local government will allow it’s people to choose their own school, healthcare services, and etcetera. By noticing this improvement made by other local government outside Malaysia, we should take...
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...THE SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER OF THEPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME (CLASS OF 2013) 1. DUGBA NGOMBU 12024487 2. MUSA SAIDU 12024474 3. SAMUEL SESAY 12024513 4. GIBRILLA JUSU 12024494 5. ANTHONY DOMAWA 12024476 6. HENRY TALUVA 12024496 7. DOROTHY ADEOLA 12024486 INTRODUCTION Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with unicameral parliamentary system (GoSL, 2009). The President is the Head of State, the supreme executive authority of the Republic and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Sierra Leone. He is the Fountain of Honour and Justice and the symbol of national unity and sovereignty. The President is also the guardian of the Constitution and the guarantor of national independence and territorial integrity, and shall ensure respect for treaties and international agreements (GoSL, 1991). Under the constitution (1991), no person shall hold office as President for more than two terms of five years each whether or not the terms are consecutive. The legislature of Sierra Leone, the Parliament consists of the President, the Speaker and Members of Parliament (GoSL, 1991). There are 124 Members of Parliament, 112 of whom are elected by a universal adult suffrage to represent their constituencies. The 12 are Paramount Chief Representatives to Parliament who are voted for by their fellow PCs and the chiefdom councilors, each PC representing a provincial district. The MPs (not as in the case of the president)...
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...Paper on Local Government 9 March 1998 The White Paper is dedicated to the memory of Tshepiso Mashinini (1966-1998), chairperson of the White Paper Working Committee, and all the other women and men who contributed to the building of a democratic system of local government in South Africa CONTENTS Foreword by Minister Mohammed Valli Moosa Foreword by Mr Pravin Gordhan Introduction SECTION A: CURRENT REALITY 1. A history of local government 2. The current state of local government 2.1. The different forms of municipality 2.2. Local government finance 2.3. Administration 2.4. Legislative complexity 2.5. Powers and functions 2.6. Global and national trends 2.7. The transition process 3. Settlement patterns and trends 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Settlement types 3.3. The implications of current settlement patterns 4. Defining the challenge for local government 4.1. Challenges facing South African municipalities 5. Concluding comment SECTION B: DEVELOPMENTAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1. Characteristics of developmental local government 1.1. Maximising social development and economic growth 1.2. Integrating and coordinating 1.3. Democratising development, empowering and redistributing 1.4. Leading and learning 2. Developmental outcomes of local government 2.1. Provision of household infrastructure and services 2.2. Creation of liveable, integrated cities, towns and rural areas 2.3. Local economic development 2.3.1....
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...Decentralization and Local Government in the Zimbabwean Constitution By Dele Olowu, Africa Europe Foundation, Netherlands Paper prepared for the Constitutional Conference, Zimbabwe, October 26-29, 2009, Rainbow Towers, Harare, Zimbabwe Introduction Local community governance is essential not only for the practice of good governance but also of economic growth and development. For this reason most of the developed countries of the world, irrespective of their political or economic systems, have a robust system of local or community governance. This also explains why many developing and former communist states have made solid efforts to enhance the capacities of their systems of local governance since the third wave of democratic revolution swept through the world in the 1980s and 1990s and the results have been quite impressive. Africa may be the only exception to this general principle even though there have been some progress as well in some countries. Unfortunately, Zimbabwe has not been part of the good news as far as the effort to enhance the capacity of local governance is concerned. It is ironic that over time, the resilient institutions of local governance that were inherited at independence have deteriorated over time-both in the cities or in the rural areas. It is even further ironic that though community organs were crucial during nationalist struggles in the countries in which political independence involved military engagement between occupying powers and...
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...Hewlett-Packard [Year] CORRUPTION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: Introduction Nigeria is rich in natural and human resources, with a population of over 150 million people; the most populous country in Africa. At the time of her political Independence, on 1st October 1960, Nigeria excelled in production of agricultural produce such as groundnut, palm oil, cocoa, cotton, beans, timber and hides and skins. Then, during the oil boom period of the seventies Nigeria made headlines with her oil wealth, as a country richly endowed with oil and natural gas resources capable of financing a number of important projects to meet basic consumption and development needs (Salisu, 200:2). With per capital income of around $1,100 during the late 1970’s Nigeria was regarded as the fastest growing country in Sub-Sahara Africa (Salisu, Ibid). Yet it remains predominantly underdeveloped due to the scourge of corruption that has corroded it. Corruption denies the ordinary citizen the basic means of livelihood, it worsen unemployment and erodes our image as a nation and as individual (Danjuma Goje 2010:1). It has undermined Nigeria’s economic growth and development potential, with a per capital income of $340, Nigeria now ranks amongst the least developed countries in the World Bank League table (Salusi, op.cit). Nigeria’s higher education system once regarded as the best in Sub-Sahara Africa is in deep crisis. Health services are woefully inadequate, graduate unemployment...
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...Introduction The relationship between the central government and local governments in China has always been an important issue. Many people believe that the public administration of big countries has a confusing problem that in the formal system, how the policies made by senior policymakers can be implemented by adaptive agents of middle and basic levels (Lin & Liu, 2000). China has the largest population in the world, the authoritarian system and the implementation gap in the field of policy increase the complexity of the problem. Since the end of 1980s, political reform took place under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang, a relatively free political environment existed, thus a nationwide debate of neo-authoritarianism occurred among government officials and intellectuals (Landry, 2008). The collapse of the former Soviet Union made Chinese people again worry about the weakness of central power, the intellectual field even began to doubt the long-term vitality of communist countries. Therefore, after the Tiananmen Square protests calmed down, Central government of China tightened its control over all provinces through restructuring the cadre appointment system (Brødsgaard, 2002). In this paper, the author will analyze how has the Central government asserted its control over the local governments since the 1990s, and make a critical evaluation of its effectiveness. 2. Central government’s policies on local governments since the 1990s 2.1 First stage: 1990-1993 Since...
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...Country Reports on Local Government Systems: Bangladesh Bangladesh ________________________________________________ 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY 1.1 Socio-economic profile Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation state in 1971. Although a new state, Bangladesh is an old country with a long recorded history of several thousand years. In its recent past it was part of Pakistan (1947-1971) and was known as East Pakistan. Prior to this, different parts of present Bangladesh were under British India (1765-1947), the Mughals and other Muslim rulers, and before them under Buddhist and Hindu rule. Bangladesh lies in the northeastern part of South Asia. The country is bounded by India in the west, north, northeast and east, by Myanmar in the southeast and by the Bay of Bengal in the south. The area of the country is 147,570 square kilometers. Climatically, the country belongs to the humid tropics and is vulnerable to a number of natural hazards like cyclones, floods and riverbank erosion, which almost regularly displaces a large number of people. Bangladesh is predominantly a delta plain of one of the largest river systems of the world. Only a part in the southeastern area is hilly. In spite of the apparent physical homogeneity and small territorial size, Bangladesh shows regional variations in physical, infrastructural and socio-economic development. Since its independence, the development planners of Bangladesh have given consideration to the importance of regional...
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...INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL GOVERMENT IN MALAYSIA Local government is the grass-root in the government hierarchy of Malaysia. There are three branches of government in Malaysia, namely Federal, State and Local. The position of local government in Malaysia is stated in Federal Constitution. By virtue of items 4 and 5 of Ninth Schedule of Federal Constitution, local government outside the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya (latest) is a subject under the State List. All local authorities outside the Federal Territories directly under the exclusive jurisdiction of States Government. This mean local State Government have wide powers to control the local authorities and to ensure their effectiveness and efficient. 1.1 Definitions Local government can be defined as follows: Local Government is subsystem operating within or among a number of other subsystems. Higher government gave its one body handled on local issues that represent the power whether from federal government or state government, which has limited autonomy in terms of financial and administration, have power to sue and sued by others and have legal property1 Ministry of Housing and Local Government Local Government is infra. Sovereign, Geographic Sub-Division of a Sovereign nation or Quasi Sovereign Nation, exercising the power of jurisdiction in a particular area.2 Dilly M Hill 1 Government of Malaysia, 1970. Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry to Investigate into the Working of Local Authorities...
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...UGANDA LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ASSOCIATION (ULGA) THE NATIONAL BUDGET 2010/2011: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS A Presentation by the Ag. Secretary General ULGA, to the State of Nation Platform 2 July 2010 1. INTRODUCTION: The National Budget was presented to the nation by the Minister of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Hon. Syda Bbumba on Thursday 10th June 2010. ULGA as the representative body for the local governments is carrying out a detailed analysis of the budget. Below are some of the critical issues to note: 2. OVERALL BUDGET PRIORITIES: In line with the National Development Plan (NDP)2010-2015, whose theme is “Growth, Employment and Socio Economic Transformation for Prosperity”. The Budget this year focuses on the following priorities: • Infrastructure development in roads and energy. • Promotion of science, technology and innovation to facilitate value addition and employment. • Enhancing agricultural production and productivity. • Private sector development and • Improving public service delivery. Suffice to note that Decentralization remains the key policy of the NRM Government in implementing the NDP. The spending in local governments is largely aligned to government priorities of Education, Health, Agriculture, Transport, Water and Good Governance. As such, financing the local governments...
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