...Canada, by international standards is a rich country; however, Canada has plenty of families struggling to make ends meet. It can be seen in “The Health of Canada’s Children” by Dennis Raphael, (2010) many social determinants influence health. One of the major determinants of health is living circumstances. The many different qualities of living within Canada have resulted in the health inequalities among children. This article in particular gives the reader the information needed to understand how living circumstances come about as well as how they affect health. Infant mortality rate or the number of newborns who die within their first year of life is considered to be one of the best ways to judge how healthy a population is. Low birth weight is also very important because it is affiliated with a wide range of health problems throughout a person’s lifespan. While there are many circumstances that play a role in infant mortality and low birth weight, a major component is living conditions the expected mothers are exposed to. This can be linked to the financial status of the parents. In Canada, the infant mortality rate is 60% higher and the low birth rate is 43% higher in the poorest income quintile than the richest quintile (Raphael, 2010). The effects of income on health are best portrayed by the living conditions to which children are exposed to. Income not only has a direct relationship with children’s health but various developmental outcomes as well. Income is a...
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...Canada Homes Corporation Report prepared for: CHC Board of Director Prepared by: Erdell & Co., Management Consultant July 2, 2006 Executive Summary Canadian Home Corporation (CHC), a residential developer in Eastern Canada, was incorporated in 1978 and is well-known in the residential construction industry for quality and innovative design. Currently CHC is experiencing challenges in generating profitable income and meeting shareholder’s objective of annual dividends. It remains unprofitable due to rising material and labor costs, and the cyclical nature of the real estate industry. In addition, quality issues have created negative publicity that threatens the reputation of CHC. The purpose of this report is to analyze strategic and operational issues with CHC and to provide recommendations to improve the performance of the company. CHC’s external opportunities and threats that affect the company’s decision on its strategic alternatives include: increasing popularity of prefabricated housing, high demand of renovation, labor shortage, and a shortage of land available for development. In light of its internal analysis and external environment, CHC must: 1. Pursue renovation services 2. Manufacture prefabricated homes 3. Reject GH’s joint venture proposal 4. Reject rental property development proposal 5. Divest Maritimes Division To mitigate the various operational issues: 1. Declare bankruptcy for its European subsidiary ...
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...When thinking of Canada, poverty seldom comes to the forefront of the mind. Indeed, the United Nation’s annual Human Development Report—which ranks countries by quality of living conditions—designated Canada as tenth place out of nearly two hundred countries (2016). However, this does not mean that poverty is not a problem—it simply indicates that Canada fares better in comparison to most other countries. More extreme forms of absolute poverty—referring to the lack of basic needs such as food, shelter, and water—may be absent or minimal, but relative poverty still exists as a serious issue, as it reveals the disparities between various incomes of citizens. In essence, while an entire population may see a rise in their incomes due to their society...
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...Introduction In my final paper I will be discussing the health inequality in the social stratification in Canada and how our socioeconomic status can affect our health to be good or poor. Our health is determined by society and what level of power, authority and accomplishment that people achieve in the social hierarchy. In my essay I will be addressing and comparing the health inequalities people in different scale in the social economic face when it comes to income, education, housing, transportation, employment and health service. These are just the few things that effect our ability of achieve good health. I will also explain how race and immigrants can also determines inequalities, when it comes to their health, especially people of color...
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...Stonewall Industries Limited is a construction materials company with its Canadian head office located in Mississauga, Ontario. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of British Wallboard. The company has been in existence in Canada since 1960 producing gypsum wallboard for the Canadian construction industry. The senior management team is located at corporate office in Mississauga directly in front of the Mississauga production facilities. These facilities provide product for the Ontario market. A plant in Montreal produces wallboard for Quebec and the Maritimes. A plant in Winnipeg produces for Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The Calgary plant manages the Alberta market and Vancouver’s plant manages British Columbia. Two mines produce the gypsum for all of the plants in Canada. Each plant is headed by a plant manager and they in turn report to VP Manufacturing, George McBain. The mine managers report to VP Mining, Mohammed Khan. In addition to McBain and Khan, the senior management team include VPHR, Judy Byer; VP Finance, Fred Ho; VP Marketing, Sonya Krajevski; and President and CEO, Jim Pender. Overall demand for gypsum wallboard in Canada tends to depend on two major environmental factors: the number of housing starts in a given year, and interest rates. As housing...
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...In a country as wealthy as Canada, close to one million people continue to rely on food banks to provide themselves with basic necessities each month. Food Banks are used by a wide variety of people within Canada, ranging from children and families, to single people, to even individuals who are employed. People tend to use food banks because they are not able to maintain a healthy lifestyle on their own. Whether it is because of economic, social, or cultural reasons, many people have no other option but to do so. I have determined that the main cause of an increase in food bank usage in Canada is poverty. Within Canada, poverty has been an ever-present issue for many years. Although Canada is rated eighth on the Human Development Index, there continues to be a growing number of impoverished people. Individuals who are not able to provide themselves with the basic necessities of life are at an incredible disadvantage when it comes to maintaining their health and well-being. They can be exposed to many illnesses and life threats because they are not able to provide themselves with the resources needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Things such as food, shelter, and warmth all become optional for an individual living in poverty as they have little opportunity to better their life or living situations. Factors such as housing, education, employment, and environment are all equally important in determining an individuals economic standing. Specific groups such as Aboriginals can...
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...countries or economies that have housing policies or measures to stabilize the housing markets. Provide your views or suggestions on the best measure to stabilize the housing markets that could be considered or used in Melbourne. In 2013, Melbourne’s population was 4.3 million. By the year 2030 Melbourne’s population is set to reach 6 million and by 2051 the population will jump to 7.8 million. With population growth of this magnitude the demand on housing will undoubtedly increase. In 2014, in his opening remarks at the Bundesbank/German Research Foundation/IMF Conference, Mr Min Zhu, Deputy Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) stated remarked: “Housing booms have different characteristics across countries and time periods. What is common is that when the bust comes, it very often damages financial stability and the real economy. The tools for containing housing booms are still being developed. The evidence on their effectiveness is only just starting to accumulate. The interactions of various policy tools can be complex. But all this should not be an excuse for inaction. The interlocking use of multiple tools might overcome the shortcomings of any single policy tool.” Indeed, as there are no magic bullets to ensure a stable housing market, it is prudent to therefore to review differing policies that are currently used by other countries to help stabilize their housing markets. In the paragraphs bellows are housing market policy examples or measures...
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...Moiz MansoorAli 211386380 Section F Question 1) Interest rates affect various economic variables hence its changes need to be computed carefully before a decision is taken. However Bank of Canada (BoC) needs to increase the interest rates within the next six months based on the future market conditions. These conditions are fragile at the moment and a certain hypothesis cannot be made as to when the market will ease down. Looking at the domestic markets, BoC needs to gradually increase the interest rates. One of the major factors supporting this argument is to avoid another ‘housing bubble’. With ultra-low interest rates and loose credit underwriting standards the demand is more than the supply and hence people are piling up on debt which may lead the economy into another financial crisis. Hence that bubble needs to be broken. Adding to that, with low rates, individual investors, insurers and pension funds have no incentive to save which is adding to the problem of high consumption that plays a huge role in raising inflation. Another factor supporting this argument is helping private sector financial intermediation, which is basically a company that borrows from savers and lends to companies in need of investment. Technically, a wider gap between long term and short term yield rates make intermediation profitable. However since 2011, the US yield curves are quite flatter and the returns reflect the inflation rate making them not so attractive. Since the Canadian economic climate...
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...Rough Copy Essay Taxes in Canada isn’t that great these days, there are numerous of complaints that taxes from health care, home, jobs, and children taxes not getting paid enough for their jobs or not enough money to pay for children free health care doctor are too much and some people that are richer than others have to pay more and it’s very unfair to the wealthy people. What everyone thinks is that all the taxes should be the same and no different from others. People in Canada here be angry with the taxes they have to pay because the government has been adding lots of helpful future upgrades like better hospitality or better roads. What makes Canadian citizens mad is that we never agreed that we wanted to buy a house with higher tax rate....
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...and interest rates can reflect the state of the economy, revealing its relative strengths or weaknesses. Information such as this can be extremely useful in determining whether one should buy a product such as a home, which would necessitate a mortgage and monthly payments. Economic Indicators and the State of the Economy Two economic indicators that reflect the strength of the economy are the inflation rate and interest rates. A stable and low inflation rate, for instance, is viewed worldwide as a necessary means to keeping the economy strong. Banks worldwide, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Bank of Japan, and the European Central Bank have published directives stating their primary objective for monetary policy as being “to maintain price stability” (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2006). Others, such as the Bank of England, the Bank of Canada, and the Central Bank of Chile, have a similar goal to “keep inflation low and stable” (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2006). Maintaining a stable inflation rate allows governments to strengthen their economies by ensuring that monetary policies are able to contribute to rising living standards for all. Public opinion polls reveal that inflation is viewed as one of the most significant national problems (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2006). When allowed to run rampant in an economy, it can be damaging not only economically, but also politically and socially. Interest rates also contribute...
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...Review Essay In Canada recession was less severe and they face no banking failure due to the size and diversification in their large institution has maintained their stability. New Entrant was limited by Canadian government and I exchange chartered bank with provide them financial stability, in Canada focuses on banking sector that’s why brokers dealers and security market remain much at smaller .The banking system of branch was oliogiopolisty that imply the system which has limited supply of banking services and cost as compared to their competitors . In our previous work (Bordo et al., 1994) we analyzed that the Canadian banking is not categorized in higher cost as compared to US. The banking of Canada same returns on equity and largely used MMMFSs After 1987 they became a vital part of Canada banking, at that time government had given them permission to create MMMFs and half of total MMMFs are kept at bank which means that they are within the banking system. According to (Byung kyong & Niamh Sheridan,2012) Canada’s three large bank weighted average is two an half time smaller than Australia’s four major banks however non performing rate of housing loans in Australia and Canada are almost same in recent years. The mortgages in Canada are provided by Canada mortgage and Housing Corporation own by Government are assigned at weight of zero risk, therefore the lowest risk of residential mortgages of four large Canadian banking is almost 70% in comparison with 40% of major...
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...Housing research in different countries also yields contradictory results regarding housing’s inflation hedge capabilities. Mixed and varied empirical results have been demonstrated in Switzerland (Hamelink and Hosli, 1996), Canada (Newell, 1995), Hong Kong (Ganesan and Chiang, 1998), Singapore (Sing and Low, 2000) and China (Chu and Sing, 2004). Chen and Sing (2006) examined the inflation-hedging ability of five international housing markets (namely Hong Kong, Tokyo, Singapore, Taipei and London). Their results show that the inflation-hedging features of housing vary significantly across different markets. This finding also highlights the importance of international evidence on the inflation-hedging effectiveness of housing. In Malaysia, the inflation-hedging effectiveness of residential property has been largely ignored, although there are some studies in housing portfolio management (Hui, 2010; Lee and Ting, 2011). In addition, no study has been undertaken to compare the inflation-hedging attributes of different types of residential property. Given the unique features of the Malaysian housing market, a dedicated study in this market is critical. Inflation-hedging characteristics 65 4. Data and methodology Data To assess the inflation-hedging features of Malaysian residential property, the quarterly Malaysian housing indices from the Valuation and Property Services Department, Malaysia over 1999:Q1-2012:Q1 were obtained. The Malaysian All House Price Index was...
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...many advanced economies, growth accelerated led by a robust increase in the US, a solid gain in the Euro area and rebound in the UK. Canada’s economy put in another weak performance in the second quarter although the monthly data augur well for a return to positive growth. On balance, the softening in the emerging market economies created downside risk to the world economy being able to maintain the 3.4% growth rate recorded over the prior three years. That said, the forecast was premised on activity in the advanced economies picking up sufficiently to offset a slowing in the emerging market growth and this appears to be playing out. China’s slowdown creates anxiety Market Volatility Index (VIX) Index 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 2013 2014 2015 Increased anxiety about China’s economy and the stability of its financial markets fuelled concerns about global growth and international trade. Reports of weakening domestic demand and export activity elicited a strong reaction from the PBOC which devalued the currency and cut interest rates. These measures did not however prevent further selling of Chinese equities fuelling a rout in other global markets as concerns grew about the outlook for world growth. The fear of contagion drove up financial market volatility and widespread selling of equities culminated in the MSCI world stock market index...
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...the harms of subprime mortgages were caused by loose lending practices, housing bubble, low interest rates and extreme risk taking. Additionally, expert analysis on the 2008 financial crisis asserts that the cause was also due to erroneous monetary policy moves and poor housing policies. The federal government encouraged the expansion of risky mortgages to under-qualified borrowers. Congress pushed for the support of affordable housing through extended procurement of non-prime loans for applicants with low income (Zandi, 2008). The cutting down of interest rates to low levels to supplement for technology bubble of early twentieth century and the effects of Sept 11, a housing bubble was created. This move facilitated individuals with poor credit to obtain mortgages in high percentage when lenders created non-conventional mortgages by offering mortgages with extensive amortization periods, loans with interest and payment alternatives such as ARMs. Ultimately, interest rates rose again and many subprime borrowers stopped paying for their mortgages when their interest rate were reset to higher monthly payments. Subprime mortgage is simply defined as loan offered to someone with a weak credit history. Since the 2008 financial crisis had its source in the poor housing policies, low income earners consisting of members of the subprime mortgage were the most affected because of rapid increase in interest rates. The consequence of this increase is that many were unable to pay for their...
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...Health Status of Aboriginal people in Ontario By: Taylor Veran Health Careers and Informatics Lorrie Lough November 1st, 2012 The majority of health issues that the Aboriginal community faces are related directly and indirectly to social, economic, cultural and political areas. Infrastructure, housing, employment, income, environmental and education are connected to the individual and community based effects of health. The health status of aboriginals in Ontario is very poor. There are a lot of health care needs for aboriginals that live in Northwest Ontario, also because the population is so high. The first nations population is the largest (958,000) Followed by the Metis (266,000) and the Inuit (51,000). Every year the population of aboriginals increases. The health status, diseases and life style of these people should be monitored and taken care of to an extent. Aboriginal population is relatively young in Ontario. The birth rate is two times the rate of the Canadian population, which is very high. Aboriginals seem to rank lower education, have higher rates of unemployment, along with higher rates of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, which can lead to needing a lot of health care. (Dr. Chandrakant P. Shah. 2005, page. 3) Some may argue that the health issues are genetic, but health means more than the absence of disease. A look at the history of colonization and the creation of the reservation system that forced removal of children to far away communities...
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