* CONTENTS PAGE no.

1. Dynamic Economy 1-2 2.1. Strategies for further development

2. Integrated Transportation system 3-5 3.2. Failures 3.3. Strategies

3. Green city: Environmental Sustainability 5-6 4.4. Failures 4.5. Strategies

4. Distinctive Singapore Identity 7 5.6. Failures 5.7. Strategies

5. Online references 8

* Land Use Plan 2030 Singapore and A New Vision To it
Creating Dynamic Economy

* Creating a dynamic economy which will generate good jobs, opportunities and resources so as to invest in the city and the people thus help them achieve their aspirations. As poor growth also affect the people who are less educated and the employment. * Looking at the demographic profile it is seen that Singaporeans are becoming better educated with 70% of citizens aged 25-29 have diploma qualifications and above. By 2030 the expected rise in PMET jobs will be nearly 50% to about 1.25 million compared to 850,000 today while the other non-PMET jobs are expected to fall by 20% to about 650,000 compared to 850,000 today. By 2030, two-third jobs will be held by Singaporeans compared to about half today. * To create this number of good jobs it is needed to i. remain competitive to tap Asia’s growth, ii. make a strong Singaporean workforce, iii. Complement the Singaporean core with the foreign workforce. * Creating more commercial and urban centres near homes would help meet higher aspirations and new lifestyle preferences. As currently the employment sector is in western region and in the city while the housing is in the north and northeast eastern regions so people have to travel all the way to the city and their offices resulting in congestion and high travelling cost everyday during peak hours therefore the need of more commercial hubs is generated. Therefore, by 2030 Singapore is planning to develop more regional hubs which will provide at least 13 million sqm of commercial space outside city. * By creating Singapore as a new high end financial hub by supporting the growth of the manufacturing sector, tourism, business services and logistics sectors. * Another aspect to create vibrant economy is to grow the manufacturing sector in Singapore. As 22% of total GDP is contributed by the manufacturing sector itself, therefore there will be new manufacturing areas at Woodlands, Sengkang West, Lorong Halus and Pasir Ris and also in the new reclamation areas at Tuas which will help to support the growth in this sector. * Further rejuvenating areas like Central Business District (CBD) and the Marina Bay will help grow economy as it will be a new platform as a live-work-play precinct. As currently Marina Bay offers another 1 million sqm office space from the current six million sqm. * Also the expansion of the Airport and seaport would create a dynamic economy. i. Changi Airport which connects 230 destinations now will be increased in the capacity of 85 million passengers per annum by 2017 compared to 50 million today with the new Terminal 4 and expanded Terminal 1. ii. Today both The city terminal and Pasir Panjang terminal have a combined capacity to handle about 50 million containers or twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU). The plan is to consolidate one port i.e. Tuas port for all port operations which will improve connectivity and economies of scale and will reduce cost for inter terminal transportation. Tuas port itself will have a capacity to handle up to 65 million TEUs when fully operational. * As Asia is growing with a fast rate so is the economy. Therefore, to create more jobs for Singaporeans, there is need to have a vibrant economy and businesses which can produce goods not only for the country but also for the region and the world. Hence, a workforce is needed which has to be skilled, with good experiences, a desire to produce high value-added services and an understanding of all international markets. Thus, it is need for not only Singaporean workforce but also foreigners who can provide different levels of intelligence to achieve this vision.

1.1 Strategies for further development: * Strategic Approach: Identify potential clusters of companies that can power growth. Cities must then support growth by making targeted investments and offering a “client service” to businesses to help them flourish. * Competitive Cluster: Economic growth is likely to be stronger if clusters of companies from a sector or sectors develop. Their physical proximity to one another will lower supply costs, improve R&D collaboration, and assist the building of an appropriately skilled workforce, among other benefits. For e.g. London’s Tech City. * Attitude Matters: Key to successful economic development campaigns is the attitude that investors and businesses are the city’s clients and the city must do what it can to help them thrive. This can be achieved by believing and welcoming high-growth companies which can offer strategic advice on how to develop new markets rather than supporting all small businesses or focusing only on trying to attract new ones. * Policies for Elderly: Creating a platform for these people to work by providing subsidies for business and work. Taping the potential of this big inactive workforce could further help in economic development.
Integrated Transportation System * One of the success factors will be the connectivity and integrated public transport system. So that people use more and more public transport and leave their cars behind at home. The main aim is to create a city which is safe for pedestrians and improve cycling infrastructure, thus creating opportunities to make people interact especially creating car free zones on weekends and in the evenings. * Since Singapore has limited supply of land just like London, New York and Hong Kong so it majorly focusing on increasing public transport mode i.e. 70%-75% of journey by 2030.

* Roads account for 12% of the services compared to housing takes it to 14% so public transport is more space efficient and environmentally sustainable mode of travel. * By public participation many new plans have been developed which includes- i) More connections- to places where people work, live and play ii) Better services iii) Liveable and inclusive community

* Rail network: 1) Singapore rail network is the major backbone of the transportation system. About 5.308 million trips are made on a daily basis on the public transport system and at least half of its population utilizes it daily. 2.7 million Used the MRT and 3.5 million used the bus services on a daily average in 2012. With new rail lines coming up the network will increase about by 178km to 360km by 2030, and density will increase from 34km per million populations to 47km per million populations. 2) New cross line will link directly Changi to Jurong which will connect people across the island. 3) Improving the railway structure with more equipped lines will reduce crowding and will be efficient. According to the 2030 plan, 8 in 10 homes will be within 10 min walk from MRT station. 4) Signalling system improvement- which reduces crowding at stations as frequency of the trains increases. 5) To increase comfort and train frequency, new trains will be added on the current and upcoming lines.

* Bus Network: 1) Singapore bus services are frequent and comfortable. To make them more frequent, less crowded measures will be taken to improve the journey. These measures include more bus lanes, priority to the buses at traffic light junctions, dedicated bus routes. 2) Local communities will possibly have community bus services which serves smaller number of crowd with specific period of day. 3) Discounts and incentives schemes are provided for the commuters for travelling into certain city areas and travel before and after peak hours so as to actuate people to use more bus transportation. 4) Travel Smart was launched in 2012 which engage employers to encourage their employees to travel off-peak. This helps employers to understand the travel needs of their employees and recommend action plan to bring in changes in travel behaviour.

* Cycling: Many people are now considering cycle to travel to a short distance to schools, neighbourhoods, offices etc. Cycling also reduces the motor transport and thus reducing carbon emission. Thus programme for construction of dedicated off-road cycle tracks and cycle stands is being planned which will provide safer transportation for cyclist as well as pedestrian and on-road vehicles.

* Barrier free accessibility:
For physically less able people the government of Singapore is ensuring that all MRT and bus interchanges are barrier free and wheelchair accessible. Also wheelchair accessible taxis will be introduced. All the buses will be wheelchair accessible by 2020. Time for the Green man plus will be extended so that the elderly and less able have more time to cross the road.

* Sheltered Walkways:
Proving comfortable environment for walking from transport nodes will actuate people for walking between transport nodes to their destinations. The pedestrian overhead bridges esp. near MRT will be fitted with lifts.

* Integrated transport hubs:
The transport hubs could be build which are air-conditioned and will allow commuters to comfortably stop while commuting to one place to another and shop or have food. These hubs are near bus-interchanges MRT/LRT stations etc. Such hubs are planned in Marina south, Jurong east, joo koon, bukit panjang, hougang, bedok and yishun in further 10 years.

1 2 3.1 Failure: * Though there is an increase in the transport system but there is no mention about the direct connectivity of home to the transportation hub. As for the elderly and less able it is always difficult to walk from their home to the nearest MRT station or to the bus stop. * Increasing transport will increase more consumption of resources and increase in pollution. They did not address this concern. * Cycling could be an option only for the young and adult. So for people to travel at ease there should be provisions for direct and convenient connectivity from home to hub. * The private transport is increasing year after year and there is no clear plan to control it. Rather than travelling through taxis people prefer to travel by their own private cars. * As changing different modes of transportation is one factor why people avoid public transportation.

3.2 Strategies: * Dedicated Cycling track could be manual as well as electrified so that all age groups can use it comfortably. Also with cycle storage, lockers and showers facilities should be included. * Planning cycling hubs is important so it is accessible by everyone with minimum distance between each other. * Taxis could lower down the prices so people use them more often rather than using their own cars. * Carpooling can be also introduced which will not only reduce the consumption of resources but also will reduce the congestion on roads due to number of cars going one particular area. * Providing dedicated bus routes and giving access for buses over private vehicles on red lights. * Heavy taxes should be imposed on private vehicles and for parking areas. * Taxes should be imposed on owners for owning more than one car per family.
Garden City- Environmental sustainability

Singapore is a prime example of a green city despite urbanisation. Parks and greenery makes an environment more liveable and soften the texture of the build space. They provide more interactive spaces and improve well being of residents. * Aim to have at least 85% of Singaporean households living within 400m of a park by 2030. * The planning of housing includes a park close to the living area for residents of all ages. The present law for developing parks is 0.8ha per 1000 residents. * Innovative Park connectors make it easy for people to commute between the green and the blue also connecting major cultural, natural and historical attractions. For 2020 the government aim to have 360km of park connectors compared to 200km today. * The green rail corridor build up where the old Malayan railway track existed which provide variety of recreational opportunities. * The parks in Singapore are of different themes and sizes with recreational facilities and are connected by different modes of transport also. * Create more functional and creative use of blue spaces such as reservoirs, canals drains etc. and about 900ha of reservoir and 100km of waterways compared to 800ha and 80km today will be opened by 2030 for recreational facilities by connecting them with all modes of transport. * ABC (active beautiful and clean) water programme: launched by Public utilities board in 2006. Objective is to transform blue spaces into vibrant and beautiful streams, rivers and lakes. * The National Park Board has introduced sky rise greenery incentive scheme to creating rooftop landscape decks within residential areas. This enables residents to have more leisure area and keep them connected to the green environment. This also brings environmental benefits like mitigating urban heat island effect and improves air quality. * The URA ‘LUSH’ (landscaping for urban spaces and high rises) programme promote more vertical greenery in private developments. Bonus gross Floor area is granted to allow outdoor refreshment areas on rooftops. 3 4.1 Failure: * No policies to study and manage carbon emission and pollution because of the increasing vehicular traffic. * There is no quantitative analysis for the required green and achieve its balance with the increasing population i.e. optimisation of the proper liveable high density areas.

4.2 Strategies: * The ecological sustainability of the city will only depend on how we define and create the infrastructure that reduces waste production, emission and water use. * Improving existing Infrastructure: Rather than building more green buildings, renovating old buildings to make them energy efficient will not only improve the efficiency but will also reduces the heat island effect due to concretisation. * Reserving stretches of road space for buses only can reduce traffic congestion and local air pollution problems.
Distinctive Singapore Identity:

4.1 Failure: This has been a challenge for Singapore since last few decades to how to create its own distinctive identity and it is still not achieved to the level. * Historical Identity: As here people migrated from different culture and background, this city is a mix of cultures and various ethnicities. There have been communities like Chinese, Indian Malaysian, and British who migrated to Singapore in early history and settled in different parts of the city. Though, their settlements and buildings have given a sense of historical background but not strong enough to create an identity in terms of history. * Policies have been made to conserve the particular areas. But there is lack of Quantitative analysis so as to what extent there is need for conservation and to what amount. * Identity as a Great City: Other than Historical identity attributes of a great city can be- i. Economically strong ii. Functionally Efficient iii. Safe, clean and friendly iv. Aesthetically Pleasing
Singapore is trying to achieve the maximum as it plans to create distinct areas of approach to achieve all the above with plans and policies by 2030.

4.2 Strategies: * Policies to make quantitative analysis for conservation i.e. where to draw the line between conserving and rebuilding. * Campaigns –On an annual basis, need to identify the issues that are most pressing in the community, bringing together the most appropriate stakeholders to develop campaigns designed to achieve very specific goals. * Community Engagement – Change requires not just community support, but community leadership, if change is to be meaningful and enduring. Communities should be engaged through campaigns, forums, and programs such as the Neighbourhood Assistance Project. Public participation is necessary for achieving a sustainable future.

Online references: i. http://www.ura.gov.sg/skyline/skyline12/skyline12-03/special/URA_Designing%20our%20City%20Supplement_July12.pdf ii. http://www.mnd.gov.sg/LandUsePlan/index.htm iii. http://www.mnd.gov.sg/landuseplan/e-book/#/6/ iv. http://202.157.171.46/whitepaper/downloads/population-white-paper.pdf