...cn The Q theory of investment, the capital asset pricing model, and asset valuation: a synthesis MCDONALD John F. (College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA) E-mail: mcdonald@uic.edu Received Feb. 23, 2004; revision accepted Mar. 6, 2004 Abstract: The paper combines Tobin’s Q theory of real investment with the capital asset pricing model to produce a new and relatively simple procedure for the valuation of real assets using the income approach. Applications of the new method are provided. Key words: Investment theory, Asset pricing, Appraisal Document code: A CLC number: F832.48 INTRODUCTION This paper combines the economic theory of real investment and the standard financial model of asset pricing to produce a method for the valuation of real assets; and intentionally uses relatively simple versions of these two theories to link economics, finance, and appraisal. Numerical examples using data on real estate assets illustrate the valuation method. The Q theory of investment, introduced by James Tobin (1969), is popularly accepted theory of real investment hypothesized to be a positive function of Q, defined as the ratio of the market value to the replacement cost of capital. Standard presentation of the theory, such as that of Romer (1996), shows that Q is the value to the firm of an additional unit of capital, which is the discounted value of its future marginal revenue products. Extensions of the Q theory of investment...
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...Finance Theories Taxonomy 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy 2 Finance Theories Taxonomy This document presents a taxonomy of selected finance theories developed in past 5 decades by academics, practitioners and scholars in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. A total of 14 theories and models are synthesized in this work, organized in five tables with the same structure: Theories of capital structure; capital budgeting and cost of equity; asset valuation, financial behavior and international finances. Each table contains theories organized alphabetically with an indication of its germinal or current character. The description of the theory is accompanied by current examples of empirical research that updates or contradicts the theory and additional information about limitations, scope and opportunities of research. Finance Theories Taxonomy 3 Table 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy: Theories of capital structure Theory General description Current examples of the theory Other attributes Modigliani and Miller Germinal theory of corporate finance A review of the theory by Criticism against flaws of M& M theory Theory of investment proposed by Miller and Modigliani Miller himself, offers a new (Ball, 2001) (1958) argues that “the value of a firm view about the so called ‘junk 1. Market perfection. M&M assumed is independent of its capital structure” bonds’ which were considered information was...
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...Chapter 8 Valuation of Company Shares: Earnings Based Methods The objectives of this chapter are to present the earnings based methods of share valuation, to critically appraise the available empirical evidence, and to provide examples of the problems, issues and limitations of share valuation. Chapter Outline • Overview of the relationship between earnings and value. • Compounding versus Discounting • Long Event Windows and Discounted/Compounded Earnings. • Earnings Capitalisation and P/E Valuations. • Permanent versus Transitory Earnings and Financial Analysis. • Ohlson’s Theory of Value. • Example of Ohlson Style Valuation. Why focus on earnings for valuation? In chapter 7 we argued that cash flow and dividend based valuation models were conceptually and empirically inappropriate. Earnings based valuation methods, in particular Ohlson style valuation models, are shown in this chapter to be conceptually superior to dividend and cash flow valuation approaches. There is growing empirical evidence consistent with our arguments, some of which is reviewed in this chapter. Chapter 9 provides some detailed examples of the Ohlson style earnings valuation methodology and should be studied after digesting the current chapter. Why focus on earnings? The actions and statements of the professional investment community provide compelling anecdotal evidence that earnings are important in the...
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...Chapter 8 Valuation of Company Shares: Earnings Based Methods The objectives of this chapter are to present the earnings based methods of share valuation, to critically appraise the available empirical evidence, and to provide examples of the problems, issues and limitations of share valuation. Chapter Outline • Overview of the relationship between earnings and value. • Compounding versus Discounting • Long Event Windows and Discounted/Compounded Earnings. • Earnings Capitalisation and P/E Valuations. • Permanent versus Transitory Earnings and Financial Analysis. • Ohlson’s Theory of Value. • Example of Ohlson Style Valuation. Why focus on earnings for valuation? In chapter 7 we argued that cash flow and dividend based valuation models were conceptually and empirically inappropriate. Earnings based valuation methods, in particular Ohlson style valuation models, are shown in this chapter to be conceptually superior to dividend and cash flow valuation approaches. There is growing empirical evidence consistent with our arguments, some of which is reviewed in this chapter. Chapter 9 provides some detailed examples of the Ohlson style earnings valuation methodology and should be studied after digesting the current chapter. Why focus on earnings? The actions and statements of the professional investment community provide compelling anecdotal evidence that earnings are important in the...
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...3.0.1 International Business - University Assessment 100 Marks Course Content 1. Overview of the International Business Process 2. PEST factors affecting International Business 3. Government influence on trade 4. International Trade Theories 5. FDI 6. Country Evaluation and Selection 7. Collaborative Strategies 8. International Marketing 9. International Trade Agreements 10. International Trade Organizations 11. International HR Strategies . 12. International Diplomacy - . Reference Text 1. International Business - Daniels and Radebouqh 2. International Business - Sundaram and Black 3. International Business — Roebuck and Simon 4. International Business – Charles Hill 5. International Business— Subba Rao 3.0.2 Strategic management 100 Marks Course Content 1. Strategic Management Process: Vision. Mission, Goal Philosophy. Policies of an Organization. 2. Strategy, Strategy as planned action, Its importance, Process and advantages of planning Strategic v/s Operational Planning. 3. Decision making and problem solving. Categories of problems, Problem solving skill, Group decision making. Phases indecision making, 4. Communication Commitment and performance, Role of the leader, Manager v/s Leaders Leadership styles 5. Conventional Strategic Management v[s Unconventional Strategic Management. The Differences, Changed Circumstance. 6. Growth...
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...Options Theory Applied to Alternative Energy Industry Christina Clowdus Bus: 630 March 20, 2012 Dr. Shaw Introduction In life, you always have options. It is no different in capital investment. In today's unpredictable business world, managers recognize how risky the most valuable investment opportunities often are, and how useful a flexible strategy can be. That's why they want to know all their options. Yet many current financial assessment tools fail to identify what investors can do to capitalize on future uncertain events. “Managerial flexibility to adapt and revise future decisions in order to capitalize on favorable future opportunities or to limit losses has proven vital to long-term corporate success in an uncertain and changing marketplace” (Brennan, M.J. and E.S. Schwartz 1985, p. 15). Utilizing a real options strategy allows businesses to capture the value of managerial flexibility in adapting decisions in response to unexpected market developments. When used as a conceptual tool, real options allow management to characterize and communicate the strategic value of an investment project (Bjerksund, P. and S. Ekern 1990). Traditional methods (e.g. net present value, discounted cash flow) fail to accurately capture the economic value of investments in an environment of widespread uncertainty and rapid change. Using real options theory, managers can more effectively target crucial opportunities to redeploy, delay, modify, or even abandon capital-intensive projects...
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...Course Objectives FINM7044 Applied Valuation Semester 1, 2015 Instructor: Dr Xianming Zhou E‐mail: xianming.zhou@anu.edu.au Consultation hours: Thursday 2‐4pm Tutors Jan Drienkou (jan.drienko@anu.edu.au) Xiang Gao (xiang.gao@anu.edu.au) The purpose of this course is to offer students an applicationoriented approach to understanding how concepts and theories of finance are applied to investment decisions. Students will learn to value corporate entities using various techniques, including discounted cash flow and multiple based valuations. The methods and analytical techniques discussed in this course are heavily used in practice, which are helpful not only to financial managers in modern corporations but also to investors in financial markets. Introduction 2 Textbook and Course Materials Prescribed textbook: Damodaran, A. (2012), Investment Valuation, Wiley & Sons (3rd University edition) Lecture notes: available on the course Wattle site Valuation cases: Darden Business School cases to be distributed in class Recommended reading: Ross, S., Westerfield, R., and Jaffe, J., (2013) Corporate Finance. McGraw-Hill (10th edition) (RWJ) Study Groups All assignments and case reports are group-based. Form your study team by the end of week 2, each consisting 4 to 6 students. Students attendance is required for case discussions. A 2% penalty applies to each absence. At the conclusion of this course, each student will submit a confidential assessment of...
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...Artemenkov, The department of economic measurements, GYY artemenkov@rambler.ru Modern Portfolio theory (MPT) and Financial Economics: a theory of lesser turf?♣ “In this age, which believes that there is a short cut to everything, the greatest lesson to be learned is that the most difficult way is, in the long run the easiest.” Henry Miller “[These are colossal] disproportions that have accumulated over the last few years. This primarily concerns disproportions between the scale of financial operations and the fundamental value of assets, as well as those between the increased burden on international loans and the sources of their collateral. … In effect, our proposal implies that the audit, accounting and ratings system reform must be based on a reversion to the fundamental asset value concept. In other words, assessments of each individual business must be based on its ability to generate added value, rather than on subjective concepts. In our opinion, the economy of the future must become an economy of real values. How to achieve this is not so clear-cut. Let us think about it together.” From the Address of Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister of Russia, at the Davos Economic Forum (February, 2009) This Part analyzes the pre-analytical foundations and macro-economic impact of the Modern Portfolio Theory1 (MPT) tenets, on which much of the present Western investment theory and financial economics is erected. Our general inference is that while the former are tautological...
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...1. Module Name: Introductory Econometrics Code: P12205 Credits: 10 Semester: Spring 2011/12 Delivery: 16 one-hour lectures + 4 one-hour workshops Aims: The main aims of this module are: to introduce students to the principles, uses and interpretation of regression analysis most commonly employed in applied economics; to provide participants with sufficient knowledge of regression methods to critically evaluate and interpret empirical research. On completion of this module students should be able to: demonstrate understanding of the assumptions and properties underlying regression analysis and the principle of ‘least squares’; interpret and manipulate the coefficients of multiple regression and performance criteria; conduct diagnostic checking of the validity of regression equations coefficients; appreciate the problems of misspecification, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. Content: 1. Simple Regression Analysis 2. Multiple Regression Analysis 3. Dummy Variables 4. Heteroscedasticity 5. Autocorrelation Main Textbook: Dougherty, C. (2011). Introduction to Econometrics, 4th edition, Oxford. 2. Module Name: Computational Finance Code: P12614 Credits: 10 Semester: Spring 2011/12 Programme classes: 12 1-2 hour lectures/workshops Aims: The module aims to describe and analyse the general finance topics and introduces students to implement basic computational approaches to financial problems using Microsoft Excel. It stresses...
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...POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN MANAGEMENT AY 2015-16 TERM: III TITLE OF THE COURSE: FINANCE II CREDITS: 4 Name of the Faculty Arnab Bhattacharya Gaurav Singh Chauhan Kousik Guhathakurta Radha M. Ladkani Faculty Block/ Room No. J BLOCK C-102 A-106 J BLOCK Email Telephone Number arnabb@iimidr.ac.in gauravs@iimidr.ac.in kousikg@iimidr.ac.in; radhal@iimidr.ac.in; 0731-2439589 0731-2439592 0731-2439518 0731-2439698 COURSE DESCRIPTION The second core course in Finance deals with the core corporate finance functions in an applied setting. The participants are exposed to real world corporate finance decisions to be taken up by managers for creating value. Such an exposure is accomplished through a mix of theory and practice. The pedagogy employed reflects a judicious mix of case discussions, lectures and problem solving approach. COURSE OBJECTIVES The objective is to familiarize participants with the three major decision areas of Corporate Finance, viz. the investments, financing and earnings distribution decisions. Subsequently the participants are to be offered an integrated view of the decision areas by discussing the issues in corporate valuations and risk management. The course aims at sharpening the financial decision making skills of the participants. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES At the end of the course student is expected to accomplish the following learning outcomes. Alignment of Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)...
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...Contents 1.0 Introduction and Motivation 1 2.0 Literature Review 2 3.0 Theoretical Framework 4 3.1 Stakeholder Theory 4 3.2 Positive Accounting Theory 5 3.2 Efficient Market Hypothesis 7 4.0 Discussion and findings 8 5.0 Conclusion 10 Reference 12 Relationship between Fair Value Measurements with Investor Confidence during Global Financial Crisis Abstract As investor, the needs of information which can reflect accurate financial information matching with current market condition is essential. Using fair value methods and measurement for asset valuation is one of the best accounting methods which can reflect current market condition accurately. But FVA cannot be separated from the critique especially when global financial crisis hit the world. Critique said FVA decrease investor confidence to invest in market which made more illiquid market during the time. In this paper, our aim is to find the relationship between fair value accounting, method, and measurement with investor confidence. We have been searched the data from previous journal that has been worked before to prove our assumption which are Fair value has decrease investor confidence and investor rely on information which is provided only by fair value measurement. 1.0 Introduction and Motivation There have been many studies on the role of FVA to global financial crisis (GFC) which may result in different opinion and open debate in the future. Most of the past research papers consist of the focus...
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...PLEKHANOV RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL COURSE WORK « Business Valuation on the basis of Damodaran model » Corporate Finance Student: Pavel Terefera Supervisor: Irina Sokolnikova Moscow 2015 Contents Introduction _____________________________________________ 3 Chapter 1. Valuation______________________________________ 4 1.1 Valuation in portfolio management_________________________ 7 1.2 Valuation in acquisition__________________________________ 10 1.3 Valuation in corporate finance_____________________________ 10 Chapter 2. Approaches to Valuation___________________________ 11 2.1 Profitable Approach_____________________________________ 12 2.1.2 Income capitalization approach __________________________ 12 2.1.3Method of discounted cash flows__________________________ 14 2.1.4 Discounted Cash Flow Valuation on example of JSC NLMK____ 20 2.2 Relative Valuation Approach______________________________ 23 Conclusion _______________________________________________ 28 Bibliography ______________________________________________ 29 Introduction. Knowing the value of an asset may not be a guarantee for success for investor, but it does help us make more informed judgments. A postulate of sound investing is that an investor does not pay more for an asset than its worth. In conditions of market economy when all transactions are made "on fear and risk" their participants, both seller...
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...M Finance Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. - M Finance - 2012-2013 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. - M Finance - 2012-2013 I Inhoudsopgave Vak: Institutional Investments and ALM Vak: Valuation and Corporate Governance Vak: Thesis Vak: Asset Pricing Vak: Derivatives and Asset Management Vak: Empirical Finance Vak: Research Project Finance Vak: Financial Markets and Institutions Vak: Private Equity and Behavioral Corporate Finance for Finance Vak: Financial Risk Management (Quantitative Finance) Vak: Real Estate Management Vak: Adv Corporate Finance 4.1 Vak: Valuation and Corporate Governance for Finance Vak: Institutional Investments and ALM for Finance 1 2 3 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. - M Finance - 2012-2013 II Institutional Investments and ALM Course code Credits Language of tuition Faculty Coordinator Teaching staff Teaching method(s) E_FIN_IIALM () 6.0 English Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. prof. dr. C.G.E. Boender prof. dr. C.G.E. Boender, prof. dr. T.B.M. Steenkamp Lecture Course objective Achieve advanced knowledge of the investment process of institutional investors, like pension funds and insurers. The main objective is to fully understand the most important theoretical concepts in the institutional investment process and the way these concepts are used in practice. After following the...
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...Gujarat Technological University Syllabus for New MBA Program effective from Academic Year 2011-12 (Also applicable to 2nd Year Students of 2010-12 Batch MBA Program) COMPULSORY COURSES MBA-II Semester-IV Sub Name: - Comprehensive Project Report – Industry Defined Problem (CP-IDP) Sub Code: - 2830004 In addition to Major Specializations, there will be over sixty Sectorial / Industry Areas for Practical studies in which theoretical papers / books are not to be taught in regular classroom sessions, but the teachers and students are free to use any available books, publications and online material to understand and guide the students for various sectors. Ideally, a teacher should study and specialize in at least TWO Sectors, so four teachers can guide 60 students in a class. (Reference: Appendix 1: List of Sectorial Areas for Comprehensive Project study given in Sem III Syllabus). This report is similar to the Grand Project, which was the part of earlier syllabus. The Comprehensive Project Report is based on the research methodology and students have to prepare the research report by using appropriate scientific statistical research tools for preparation of the CP in consultation with the faculty guide. (Please also refer the Guidelines for CP in MBA Semester III, as the same Project Title continues in Semester IV). A student has to opt for any ONE of the Sectorial Areas and study it thoroughly. The students may undertake the CP based on the selection of an Industry Defined Problem...
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...Second Year - Third Semester 3.0.1 International Business - University Assessment 100 Marks Course Content 1. Overview of the International Business Process 2. PEST factors affecting International Business 3. Government influence on trade 4. International Trade Theories 5. FDI 6. Country Evaluation and Selection 7. Collaborative Strategies 8. International Marketing 9. International Trade Agreements 10. International Trade Organizations 11. Forex 12. International HR Strategies 13. International Diplomacy Reference Text 1. International Business – Daniels and Radebough 2. International Business – Sundaram and Black 3. International Business – Roebuck and Simon 4. International Business – Charles Hill 5. International Business – Subba Rao 3.0.2 Strategic management 100 Marks Course Content 1. Strategic Management Process: Vision, Mission, Goal, Philosophy, Policies of an Organization. 2. Strategy, Strategy as planned action, Its importance, Process and advantages of planning Strategic v/s Operational Planning. 3. Decision making and problem solving, Categories of problems, Problem solving skill, Group decision making, Phases indecision making. 4. Communication, Commitment and performance, Role of the leader, Manager v/s Leader, Leadership styles. 5. Conventional Strategic Management v/s Unconventional Strategic Management, The differences, Changed Circumstance 6. Growth Accelerators: Business Web, Market Power, Learning based. 7. Management Control, Elements,...
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