...and Phrenology To evaluate the outward appearance of the body and to read the mental and moral capacities of the person. Leaders of all 4 of these movements were highly educated. A. Physiognomy and facial observation –from greek, physio = nature, nomen = judge, judgement of human nature. Believed you could judge one’s mental and moral character by looking at one’s face. A ton of phrases today still show the judgement of character based solely on face (high brow, snooty, shifty eyed). 1. Giovanni Battista della Porta, Italy, De Humana Physiognomia (1586) –wrote first book on physiognomy. Porta was in Naples, Italy, a scientist and mathematician. Based his ideas on animal characteristics. In his book, he compared certain human faces to certain animal characteristics, and then associated the characteristics of the animal to the human. 2. Johann Lavater (1741-1801), Germany, Von der Physiognomik (1772) –Popularizes physiognomy, from Zurich, Switzerland, and then moved to Germany. Trained as a pastor. Makes physiognomy a science, through the publication of his work, “essays on physiognomy”. In the book, he laid out 100 physiognomy rules, where a look is associated with a trait. 3. General theory –The belief that mental and moral traits (character) can be determined and judged by one’s outward facial structure (their appearance and expressions). One trained in physiognomy could diagnose character by analyzing the face. 4. Samuel R. Wells, New York, New Physiognomy, or, Signs...
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...of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and the involvement of multiple organ systems, including the kidneys. The exact events that trigger the onset of clinical manifestations of SLE are not yet well understood. However, research using various mouse strains impulsive and inducible lupus in the last two decades has provided insights into the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease. According to our present understanding, the immunological defects resulting in the development of SLE can be categorized into two phases: (a) systemic autoimmunity resulting in increased serum antinuclear and antiglomerular autoantibodies and (b) immunological events that occur within the target organ and result in end organ damage. TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract…………………………………………………………………….....2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..4 Discussion……………………………………………………………………..5 What is lupus? Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease, which causes inflammation of various parts of the body, especially the skin, joints and kidneys. The body’s immune system normally makes proteins called antibodies to protect the body against viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. These foreign materials are called antigens. In an autoimmune disorder such as lupus, the immune system loses its ability to tell the difference between foreign substances (antigens) and its own cells and tissues. The immune system then makes antibodies directed against “self”. These antibodies, called “auto-antibodies”...
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...DRUG DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE Obstacles and Opportunities for Collaboration Among Academia, Industry and Government January 13–14, 2005 Washington, DC David Korn, M.D. Donald R. Stanski, M.D. Editors DRUG DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE Obstacles and Opportunities for Collaboration Among Academia, Industry and Government Report of an Invitational Conference Organized by The Association of American Medical Colleges Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Development Science, at the University of California, San Francisco January 13-14, 2005 Washington, DC David Korn, M.D. Donald R. Stanski, M.D. Editors DRUG DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the report of a conference convened by the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Food and Drug Administration in response to the FDA white paper entitled “Innovation or Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Product Development”. The conference was partially supported by the FDA. The AAMC acknowledges with gratitude the additional support provided by Abbott Laboratories, Cephalon, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmith Kline, Merck & Co. Inc., and Pfizer, Inc. The conference planning committee consisted of Drs. David Korn, Joel Kupersmith, Carl Peck, Donald Stanski, and Janet Woodcock. Figures 1 and 2 are taken from the FDA white paper. The back cover composite is derived from charts presented at the conference by Dr. Peter Corr, Pfizer, Inc. The report was designed by Douglas Ortiz, AAMC...
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...Research Methodology Unit IV Editing:- The raw data is likely to contain a no. of errors during the process of recording the information in surveys. By means of editing one tries to eliminate the errors or remove the points of confusion, if any. For proper analysis & interpretation, it is necessary that the collected data are present, readable & accurate in the desired form i.e., data collected has no missing values, all entries are readable or all information is accurate. This introduces errors in collected information, which are to rectified before further analysis. Editing comprises inspecting, correcting & mo0difying the raw data to ensure that information available is correctly, adequately & relevantly. Stages of Editing:- The editing may be done in two stages: Field Editing:- The field editing is done immediately after collection of data because the interviewer then have a fresh memory about the lapses & wrong statements of answers. The preliminary editing should be done by a field supervisor. Office Editing:- The office editing is done after the field editing. This implies a complete & thorough scrutiny of questionnaire. There should be expert editors in the office to evaluate & examine the completed returns of the respondents. The incorrect answers may also be verified by observation. When the answers are given in an ambiguous manner, serious efforts are made to rectify & complete them by consulting another questionnaire. Factors to be considered while Editing:- ...
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...they should not know. Facebook is another one of these things that is misguiding our children. They socialize with adults’, teenagers, and strangers. They're reading the problems that all these people are going through and foresee some of the same thing happening to them. That's why I have asked these questions. How important are moral roles for our children to follow? Good role models are hard to come by these days. Yes there are a lot of people out there that like to guide our children but not all these people are good people; so choose wisely who your children hang out with. This was said in the study I found by Carson. “Children have an innate desire to please their parents and behave well, according to Linda C. Mayes, M.D., and Donald J. Cohen, M.D, authors of "The Yale Child Study Center: Guide to Understanding Your Child." However, they are often tempted to stray from making good decisions when they encounter peer pressure, because they want to be accepted by their social group. When attending school full time, the opportunities for decision-making increase, and teaching them proper moral behavior ensures they make the right decisions that allow them to feel good about themselves and others”( Jun 14, 2011 para 5)....
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...CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN HEALTH CARE: EMERGING FRAMEWORKS AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES Joseph R. Betancourt Massachusetts General Hospital–Harvard Medical School Alexander R. Green and J. Emilio Carrillo New York-Presbyterian Hospital–Weill Medical College of Cornell University FIELD REPORT October 2002 Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. Copies of this report are available from The Commonwealth Fund by calling our toll-free publications line at 1-888-777-2744 and ordering publication number 576. The report can also be found on the Fund’s website at www.cmwf.org. CONTENTS About the Authors.......................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary......................................................................................................... v Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Findings........................................................................................................................... 3 Defining Cultural Competence ..............................................................................
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...of hate crimes, in addition to, being faced with the challenges that causes mental, emotional and health problems. The sexual orientation of LGBT was once known as a mental illness, however, the individual that classify as having same-sex attraction and/or sexually attract to both male and female, experience great levels of minority stress that result in mental and emotional problems. Minority stress, if experienced in severity over long periods of time will contribute to mental and physical illness. Therefore, individual in this community has developed modifiers to help cope with stressors. A mental health counselor will work with these individuals by informing on how to deal with stress through intervention planning and preventative education, that will last through out the lifespan, as a practice, when stress arrive. The Wellness and Resiliency Model The wellness model in counseling is based from research that help form the evidence bases for practice in the counseling field. The wellness approach used by mental health counselor involves a perspective that promotes a holistic approach of the mind, body, and spirit that emphasize empowerment, wellness, normal development, intervention, and prevention. Within this approach, the therapeutic goals, when working with the client, are to improve their state by striving for optimal health; the client is striving to reach a level of satisfaction and is empowered to reach their full potential of wellness. The counselor will work with...
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...Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership[->0] Nursing Leadership Jean Marion WGU For every patient, there is a team of healthcare professionals collaborating to determine the best plan of care for that patient. As a part of that team, nurses have a great opportunity to advocate for the patients and have a positive impact on patient care outcomes. By being a good leader, the nurse can make the patients needs knows, demonstrate exceptional patient care, and motivate and inspire the team to do the same. There are strategies that nurses on an interdisciplinary team use to enable them to exert leadership without occupying a formal leadership position. One strategy is to be a good role model. If the nurse is professional, kind, respectful, honest, and trustworthy, others are more likely to be the same while working with her. If someone in the group is always "goofing off," and being disrespectful, it can disrupt the entire group. The role model nurse will always do what’s in the best interest of the patient. They come to work on time and as scheduled. They are knowledgeable, and participate in continuing education. The other members of the team will respect a good role model and come to her with questions or when needing advice. A good role model will not put others down, or make them feel stupid; she will educate, and mentor. These qualities will make others look to her for leadership. A second strategy is to take responsibility for problems....
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...increasingly common in health care as well. Some examples of application of performance measurement are the percentage of children age 2 who receive the appropriate immunizations. This, too, is a simple ratio of the percentage of children age 2 with the appropriate immunizations divided by the total number of children age 2 in the applicable population (health program, MCO, State, etc.). Another example is the percentage of parents reporting "not a problem" in obtaining a specialist referral for their child. Again, this is a simple ratio of the percentage of parents reporting "not a problem" divided by the total number of parents in the applicable population who have requested a specialist referral for their child. Another characteristic is that a performance measurement tool must be objective, be based on scientific evidence, and not affect or distort results. Expert consensus is often used to reach agreement on precise definitions and measurement specifications in health care performance measurement today. It must be tested to ensure that it is...
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...bullied as children are more likely to suffer from depression and low self esteem, well into adulthood, and the bullies themselves are more likely to engage in criminal behavior later in life.” Duane Alexander, M.D., director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Have you ever been called names, tripped or hit, or made to do something you did not want to do out of fear? If you have, then you have been bullied. It happens every day and everywhere. There is no age group that cannot and has not been bullied. Even though bullying happens to people of all age groups, it can have lasting and sometimes disastrous outcomes for the younger generation. Bullying occurs when one person, or group of people, inflict harm on another person. Multiple forms of bullying exist in the world today. Name calling, teasing, taunting, physical harm, and threats are all ways to bully someone. Because of the age and inexperience of children (both adolescents and teenagers), they cannot handle the harassment. Both bullies and victims do not understand the effects that bullying can cause. Some of these effects may be short term, whereas others may lay dormant until the child becomes an adult. Therefore, I have decided to look at not only the characteristics of bullies and victims, but to look at the short and long term effects of bullying also, whether the bullying happens in person or through what has become known as “cyber bullying.” Before people can...
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...histories, help them enjoy the present and promote their futures. These patients teach me how to be the best version of myself, a reward that is priceless. The greatest challenge is caring for multiple patients at the same time. Each patient is in a different stage of the disease process and catering to their individual needs can be difficult. I have learned that being patient with the patients is key. Organizing social activities that a group of patients can participate in while also making time for one-on-one activities is important. The disease process is progressive and quick and I must keep up with their shifts in personalities and moods and they go through these difficult transitions. I must also understand that behaviors that are characteristic of the disease are not always pleasant but it’s all about learning how to...
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...Major Depression and Suicide Kathy Lightsey AB200 Introduction to Applied Behavioral Science Carol Abraham Nov. 03, 2014 Major Depression and Suicide The word depression is used for a wide range of mental states. On one side are passing moods of disappointments, regrets, or anxiety that almost everyone experience one time or another. On the other side there are symptoms which are described by many psychiatrists as clinical depression. This is a lingering feeling of despair that last for weeks at a time. Normally when a doctor or psychiatrists make a diagnosis of clinical depression is when a person suffers from most or all of a group of symptoms for longer than two weeks. Depression is the common cold of psychological problems. People with the run-of-the-mill depression may feel sad, blue, or “down in the dumps.” They may complain of lack of energy, loss of self-esteem, difficulty concentrating, loss of interest in activities, and other people ( Nezlek et al., 2000), uncontrollable crying, and thoughts of suicide. These feelings are more intense in people such as Joe in our course case study with major depressive disorder (MDD). According to the nationally representative sample of more than 9,000 adults in the United States, MDD affected 6% to 7% of the people within any given year, and one person in six over the course of their lives (Kessler, 2003). About half of those with MDD experience sever symptoms such poor appetite, serious weight loss, and agitation or psychomotor...
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...The Characteristics of A Place Called Home Kimberly Rodgers BSHS/461 December 21, 2011 Instructor: Therese Schmoll Inside A Place Called Home The writer of this paper had an opportunity to commit her time and dedication to do field experience at an organization named A Place Called Home. In this paper the writer will explain the characteristics and environments of this organization. It will show how the organization is governed and who the key stakeholders are. It will describe the different strategies the organization uses for public relations, and give details on certain trends this organization has, and how well they are managing the trends. A Place Called Home also known as APCH is a local non-profit organization that provides the at risk youth a chance to be in a positive environment. APCH has a very secured and welcoming family ambiance that strives to offer a variety of services to those in need within the community. They are located in South Central Los Angeles and are very well supported within the community around them. The mission and vision of APCH is specially designed to help the community and is very achievable. Their mission states, “A Place Called Home is a safe haven in South Central Los Angeles where underserved youth are empowered to take ownership of the quality and direction of their lives through programs in education, arts, and well-being; and are inspired to make a meaningful difference in their community and the world.” ("A Place...
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...success in contributing positively to society is education. Education will guide these young individuals to success in monetary values and in contributions to humanity. People of the skilled labor force argue that the pressure of society on the young generation to obtain the highest level of educational achievement is hindering their growth. Many writers of numerous magazines and newspapers across the United States such as Kate Lorenz, a writer for CNN, argues that there has been countless individuals who have achieved success both monetarily and in humanity that had no degree at all. I shall not argue the belief of critics that guts and determination are equally as important as education; however, I intend to raise the awareness that education is the key to achieving success. Knowledge is essential to an individual; it is not only invaluable but it is also irreplaceable and will never hinder an individual in anything that he or she wishes to achieve. The question that arises most often during the discussion about the importance of education in society is: How much education is enough for the individuals of Generation Y to obtain success? At this time in United States, a person needs at least a Bachelor’s degree to be classified as a middle class citizen. College students face the obstacles of whether they will attempt to be accepted by numerous job fields with the bare minimum or try to obtain an MBA, Ph.D, J.D, or M.D. Critics, such as Lorenz, need to take a step...
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...Diabetes Working Group White Paper Avalere Health LLC on behalf of the Diabetes Working Group January 23, 2012 Table of Contents Authors.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 5 Provider Survey ......................................................................................................................... 6 Standards of Care Economic Model .......................................................................................... 7 Recommendations .................................................................................................................... 8 Care Management ................................................................................................................................ 8 Payment Reform ................................................................................................................................... 9 Workforce Supply ............................................................................................................................... 10 Background and Role of the Diabetes Working Group ............................
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