...SYNTHESIS PVC macromolecules i.e. long chains are made by joining vinyl chloride through the process of polymerization. The monomers are in a solid, chemically stable form and therefore do not pose a threat to humans as compared to other monomers which exists in gaseous state. Vinyl chloride is a gas at room temperature and pressure but it is usually stored as a liquid by applying pressure. Making the Monomer: Initially the Vinyl Chloride was produced by reacting acetylene with hydrochloric acid catalyzed by mercuric chloride. However this has become obsolete now and the monomer is more popularly produced from Ethylene and Chlorine. The ethylene is obtained from the thermal cracking of Naphtha in the basic petrochemical industries while chlorine is...
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...specifically devoted to the science and technology of SPM. AFM and SFM have been also newsworthy items in Science and Nature in the past year [14••,15•–17•,18••,19]. An introduction to AFM is covered well in a recent issue of Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, which describes and illustrates the design and mode of operation of AFM [4••]. The AFM images sample surfaces by raster-scanning a sharp tip back and forth over the surface. The tip is on a cantilever that responds to height changes on the sample surface in a way that generates a topographical map of the surface. We build on this excellent introduction by presenting some of the many advances in SPM that have occurred since that review was written. (The accompanying images are from AFM research in the authors’ lab). Atomic force microscopy imaging Proteins Entropic brush...
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...J Polym Res (2012) 19:16 DOI 10.1007/s10965-012-0016-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Influence of matrices chemical nature on the dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of rubber composites comprising conductive carbon black Omar A. Al-Hartomy & Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi & Falleh Al-Solamy & Nikolay Dishovsky & Mihail Mihaylov & Milcho Ivanov & Farid El-Tantawy Received: 14 February 2012 / Accepted: 22 October 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 Abstract The study presents the effect that elastomeric matrices different in their chemical nature (a non-polar and crystallizing natural rubber and a polar and non-crystallizing acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) have upon the dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of the composites comprising different amounts of conductive carbon black. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and Dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) are the techniques used for studying the structure-properties relationships of the composites. The experimental results show that the matrices studied and their specific properties have a great impact O. A. Al-Hartomy : A. A. Al-Ghamdi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia O. A. Al-Hartomy Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia F. Al-Solamy Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia F. Al-Solamy Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND This research is about the extraction of keratin protein from chicken feathers using strong fluid extraction process. This extraction procedure utilized a dissolvable as lessening specialists to separate salt linkages, disulphide bond and hydrogen bond of the keratin fiber to break down into protein. Thus, it will likewise diminish the steadiness of keratin strands in the strong structure found in feathers. Proteins are polymer formed by one or more long chains of amino acid residues that are capable of promoting intra- and inter-molecular bonds so that it allows the resultant materials to have a large variation in their functional properties. Amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, form a polypeptide chain. Polypeptides are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. There are two...
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...Gluten Free Eating Is Not a Fad – Position Paper Celiac disease (CD) and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is on the rise. Although general consensus states that the diseases’ incidence varies greatly, research conducted in the last 30-40 years contradicts those claims. Yes, the proliferation can be partially credited to increased efficiency in diagnostic techniques and the “mainstream” status of the diseases, but the spread of affliction in not only the US and Europe, but to geographic areas not historically affected by CD and NCGS, is equally enigmatic. A 2010 cohort study, with data collected since 1974, illustrated that CD increased 5-fold from 0.2% in 1975 to 1% 25 years later (1). A study in Scotland has marked a 6.4-fold increase...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION RESEARCH BACKGROUND This research is about the extraction of keratin protein from chicken feathers using strong fluid extraction process. This extraction procedure utilized a dissolvable as lessening specialists to separate salt linkages, disulphide bond and hydrogen bond of the keratin fiber to break down into protein. Thus, it will likewise diminish the steadiness of keratin strands in the strong structure found in feathers. Proteins are polymer formed by one or more long chains of amino acid residues that are capable of promoting intra- and inter-molecular bonds so that it allows the resultant materials to have a large variation in their functional properties. Amino acids linked together by peptide bonds,...
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...Contents 1. Introduction and Background 2 1.1 Injection Moulding 2 2. Type of Machine 4 2.1 Horizontal Injection Moulding Machine 5 2.2 Vertical Injection Moulding Machine 5 3. Type of Materials 6 4. Advanced technology/ Recent Research 7 4.1 Injection Moulding for Precision Pre-moulded MEMS Package 7 5. Conclusion 11 6. References 11 1. Introduction and Background 2.1 Injection Moulding Injection moulding [1] is a manufacturing process that inserting material at higher pressure into a closed, cold mould, with inverse of the desired geometric of the parts, where it solidifies to form part, then followed by mould opened to release the part, and the cycle repeats. Injection moulding is capable to repeatedly form identical discrete parts at a shorter turnaround time as compare to machining. Injection moulding not necessarily rely on one material, there’s variety of materials for example polymer and metals that can be used to produce parts. In this paper, the scope focuses plastic injection moulding by using polymer. Polymer [2] is adapted from Greek as ‘many part’, which describes molecule composed of many identical parts that synthesized together to from a large macromolecules. Generally plastic injection moulding uses thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. The plastic parts that can be formed by injection moulding range from small electronic components such as lid of air-cavity package, to body panels of cars. Due to the capability...
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...Natalia Perez Portfolio September 28, 2012 Table of Contents Statement of Authenticity …………………………………………………………………...……3 Personal Mission Statement……………………………………………………………………….4 Elevator Speech …………………………………………..………………………………………5 Education………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Resume…………………………………………………………………………………………….9 Professional development and Training ……………………………………………………..…..10 Reference…………………………………………………………………………………..…….11 Reference List …………………………………………………………………………….……..12 Awards and Accomplishments …………………………………………………………….……13 Volunteer History ………………………………………………………………………………..14 Professional Affiliations …………………………………………….…………………………..15 Career Path ………………………………………………………………..……………………..16 Work Samples ………………………………………………………………………...…………17 Statement of Authenticity I, Ani Ohanian am the writer of all of the statements you are about to read. None of these statements of information is plagiarized. All of the information you are going to read is valid. These statements are honest representation of what I represent in skills as a career in the Business Administration field. Personal Mission Statement I am a smart, determined and compassionate woman that will not give up on my dreams. I will not let anything get in the way of my success as it is for me and my family. I will...
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...Occupational lung cancer and smoking: a review in the light of current theories of carcinogenesis ALAN C. CHOVIL, MA, MB, B CHIR MPH, DAB PREy MED This paper considers modern theories of carcinogenesis as they apply to the induction of lung cancer by tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens. Some of the known and postulated factors affecting carcinogenesis are discussed, with particular reference to syncarcinogenesis and thresholds. Factors affecting the intensity of smoking exposure are reviewed, and the generally accepted occupational lung carcinogens are listed. Relative risks for the various carcinogens according to smoking status (where known) are presented. The carcinogens are considered individually, and known or postulated interactions with smoking are discussed. It is concluded that the effects of lung carcinogens can be explained on the basis of current theories that support a rational definition of priorities for the prevention of occupational lung cancer. Cette etude s'interesse aux th6ories modernes de Ia carcinogenese telles qu'elles s'appliquent a l'induction du cancer du poumon par le tabac et par les risques du metier relie aux carcinogenes. Ouelques facteurs connus ou postules relatifs a Ia carcinogenese sont discutes, avec un interAt particulier pour Ia syncarcinogenese et les seuils de tol6rance. Les facteurs qui influencent l'intensite de l'exposition au tabac sont revus et on fait l'inventaire des carcinogenes pulmonaires relies au metier...
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...1. Introduction Packaging has become an integral part of the processing, preservation, distribution, marketing, and even the cooking of foods. Food packaging materials include paper, cellulose products, cellophane, tinplate, aluminium, stainless steel, ceramics, glass, rubber, aluminium foil, plastics and laminates (Mercer, 1990). Since its introduction in the 1950’s, the use of plastic in the packaging industry has increased at a greater rate than any other packaging material due to their low cost and outstanding functional service properties (Hernandez and Giacin, 1998). Packaging materials provide protection for microbiological, chemical, and physical contamination (World Packaging Organisation, 2009). However, components of the packaging material must be safe to the product as well as to the consumers. Food may interact with the packaging materials and this may change the initial mechanical and barrier properties as well as the safety of the product (Sablani and Rahman, 2007). Three types of food packaging interaction are distinguished: (i) migration, (ii) permeation, (iii) and absorption. Migration is the transfer of chemical components from the packaging material to the contained food product (Paneva et al., 2005). The migration of potentially toxic substances from packaging material to foods is a major concern in the selection and use of materials for food packaging because of the possible effect upon human health. In addition, migration of other components...
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...SPATIAL PROFILE ANALYSIS OF A SECURITY HOLOGRAM FOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS Sajan Ambadiyil Optical Image Processing & Security Products Centre for Development of Imaging Technology Thiruvanthapuram-695027, Kerala, India ambadycdit@gmail.com Ansiya A.A Optoelectronics and Communication systems Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Sarabhai Institute of Science and Technology Vellanad, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India ansiya.azeez@gmail.com Avinash Jha Oppcorp learning &Development pvt ltd, India avinash.jha@oppcorp.co.in Abstract— This paper proposes a new technique for authentication of hologram. Identity and travel documents, such as national ID cards, driver’s licenses, passports, visas or car registration documents,...
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...Review Paper Inulin - a versatile polysaccharide with multiple pharmaceutical and food chemical uses. Thomas Barclaya, Milena Ginic-Markovica, Peter Cooperb,c, Nikolai Petrovskyc,d a Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia 5042 Cancer Research Laboratory, ANU Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 2605 c Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide Australia 5042 d Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia 5042 b Received: 27 August 2010 Accepted: 10 October 2010 ABSTRACT á-D-glucopyranosyl-[â-D-fructofuranosyl](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside, commonly referred to as inulin, is a natural plant-derived polysaccharide with a diverse range of food and pharmaceutical applications. It is used by the food industry as a soluble dietary fibre and fat or sugar replacement, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabiliser and excipient. It can also be used as a precursor in the synthesis of a wide range of compounds. New uses for inulin are constantly being discovered, with recent research into its use for slow-release drug delivery. Inulin, when in a particulate form, possesses anti-cancer and immune enhancing properties. Given its increasing importance to industry, this review explains how inulin's unique physico-chemical properties bestow it with many useful pharmaceutical applications. KEY WORDS: Inulin, polysaccharide, fructose, excipient, vaccine, adjuvant INTRODUCTION ...
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...Microbiology Mid Term Review What contribution did these dudes make to science and what type of experiments were involved in the discoveries they made? Louis Pasteur- Heat pasteurization- 1st vaccine for rabies. Found alcohol only produced in wine if yeast was present. “Swan necked” flasks experiment for spontaneous generation. Robert Koch- Studied anthrax, Koch’s postulates (germ theory) studied and awarded for TB research. Anton van Leewenhoek- Made the 1st lens to observe living microorganisms. The lens magnified up to 300x and were free of distortion. Edward Jenner- Studied small pox. Came up with the first vaccine for smallpox. Alexander Fleming- Discovered lysozyme (an enzyme) was found in tears, saliva, and sweat could kill bacteria. What issues and types of instruments are involved in visualizing bacteria and viruses with a compound light microscope? Reflection- transmission-absorption with florescence-refraction. Condenser-is a lens that serves to concentrate light from the illumination source that is in turn focused through the object and magnified by the objective lens. iris diaphragm-regulates the amount of light on the specimen. objective lenses- magnifies ranges from 10x to 40x, ocular lenses. stage- supports the slide for viewing. focusing knobs-moves the stage up and down for focusing. total magnification- take the power of the objective (4X, 10X, 40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10X. What are the differences...
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...Microorganisms are referred as predominant source of commercial enzyme (Wiwapat et al., 2002, Kvesitadze, Kvesitadze 1990, Kutateladze et al., 2009). Due to diverse spectrum of applications enzyme production now became a multi-billion dollar business (Bhat, 2000). The market of the technical enzymes showed great diversity both in terms of the applications as well as the consumption. It has been evaluated that global sale of enzymes was $1.7–2 billion in 2005 which is expected to grow in the forthcoming years exponentially with the increase of industrialization. Typically, pectinases shares a huge market value up to $75 million (Godfrey and West, 1996). Pectinases is one of the hydrolytic enzymes that have diverse degree of applications in biotechnological industry. Pectinase is one of the 20 enzymes that have been globally marketed. Pectinase catalyzing the degradation of pectin containing compounds are of huge industrial significance (Spanga et al., 1995). Pectinases are now considered to be central part of complex processing of juice in food industry and removal of sizing agents in textile industries (Kashyap et al., 2001). They cause a drastic increase in filtration efficacy of juices and increase yield by aiding in clarification. (Joslyn et al., 1952) (Brawman 1981). They are also used as wood preservative (Fogarty 1973) and in liquefaction, maceration and extraction of vegetable tissues (Charley 1969 and Bohdziewiez and Bodzek 1994). Different extraction procedures like...
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...trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners and are hereby acknowledged. Do not make illegal, unauthorized copies of the PhraseBook. The PhraseBook and digital version are protected by copyright law and international treaties. The publisher and authors have striven to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the PhraseBook; however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience as a consequence of use, information or advice contained in the PhraseBook. PhraseBook versions ISBN 978-1-903384-02-2 paperback ISBN 978-1-903384-01-5 digital version (download) ISBN 978-1-903384-00-8 digital multiple user version (CD-ROM) for research groups, departments and universities For PhraseBooks and English books for education, visit EnglishforResearch.com ▪ EnglishforStudents.com ▪ EnglishforSchool.com Contents Contents End User Licence...
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