...there are two departments – governmental and non-governmental. They examine government departments’ expeditures , policies and policies. There are between 16 to 50 members in the PBC who are selected by Committee of Selection whose 7 out 9 members are ships. On the other hand, there are 11 members in the SCs and to eliminate “the conflict of interest, all the members are backbench members who are elected using the Alternative vote system. 2a What are the main functions of Parliament and how well does it perform them? [5] < This question is a 20-mark question > 3a What are the differences between direct and representative democracy? [5] In direct democracy, people are directly involved in decision-making processes, whereas in representative democracy, people elect MPs who will represent and form a government in Parliament. For instance, some qualified members of Athenian society were involved in decision-making and a referendum is a limited form of direct democracy. Also general elections are kind of parliamentary democracy, they are held every five years to election a representative and a government. There is potential danger that decision-making mechanisms can be affected by an organised faction and demagogue in direct democracy. 4a What is the role of the opposition in British politics? [5] The main role of the opposition is adversarial. The Opposition is not...
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...Political Carrer Winston Churchill | | | 11/22/2011 11/22/2011 The Life and Career of Sir Winston Churchill Churchill was involved in every important event of England’s from the Boer War to World War II. He served six British monarchs, from Queen Victoria to Elizabeth II. Through his life he was a statesman, soldier, author, journalist and twice prime minister, Churchill’s career has no parallel in modern history. The Early Years Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England, on November 30, 1874. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a brilliant politician, even though he was one of the most hated. His mother was the American Jennie Jerome. One of his ancestors was John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, a great military hero. Winston Churchill himself showed no early signs of greatness. He was in fact a stubborn, unruly, manipulative, and often difficult red-haired boy and a poor student. He was also given to unpredictable behavior. Before he was even seven years old, it was already clear that he was headstrong, highly opinionated, and virtually impossible to control. He spent four years at Harrow School at the very bottom of his class. However during this time he showed that he had a remarkable memory similar to his father's. He particularly enjoyed English. From early childhood soldiers and warfare fascinated Churchill and he often played with a large collection of lead soldiers in his nursery. His later years at...
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...the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. The United States is a Democratic Republic The United States is the oldest continuously functioning democracy in the world Democracy – A style of government in which people vote in elections to choose their leaders. Republic – A style of government where the people retain control over the government and the head of the government is not a monarch. Balance of Power Writers of the Constitution wanted to make sure no group would become too powerful. They, therefore, created 3 branches of government, each with their own power. So the U.S. has a strong central government but a balance of power. Three Main Branches Checks and Balances Legislative Branch United States Capitol Membership Senate Two from each state. 6 year terms. Must be at least 30 years old Must be a U.S. citizen for 9 years House of Representatives Based on state population 2 year terms. Must be at least 25 years old Must be a U.S. citizen for 7 years Special Responsibilities of the House of Representatives 1. Writes any law that makes people pay taxes. 2. Decides if government officials should be put on trial before the Senate if s/he commits a crime against the country. This is impeachment. 3. Can elect the President if the Electoral...
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...fox hunting, the parliament act was pushed through banned, commons pushed it through. Autumn 2011- the lords rejected Osbornes working tax credits party. The Lords debate bills but more importantly they offer any perspective of bills, they are a revising chamber. Over 800 Lords, the vast majority of them are life peers. Lord Sacks is an independent Lord , he is not under a party. Some Lords who are supporters of particular parties , no party have a majority in the house of lords. This is one of the merits of the lords, there is less partisan, no party dominance within Lords. Up until 1999 ( blair) there were around 800 hereditray Lords. Labour abolished the vast majority of those hereditary peers, the vast majority of those were conservatives. 92 hereditary peers survived. House of commons Elections every 5...
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...Official Language：English and French Religion：天主教（Catholicism）基督教（Christianity） 2.Geography ❖ Geographical Terms Canadian Shield加拿大地盾 Mount Logan洛根峰——the highest peak in Canada the Mackenzie River马更些河——the longest river in Canada Saint Lawrence River圣劳伦斯河——the most important river in North America ❖ The Great Lakes 苏必利尔湖（Lake Superior） 休伦湖（Lake Huron） 密歇根湖（Lake Michigan） 伊利湖（Lake Erie） 安大略湖（Lake Ontario） ❖ 主要城市（Major Cities） 渥太华（Ottawa）：加拿大首都以及政治文化中心。 多伦多（Toronto）：加拿大最大的城市。别称“猪之城” 蒙特利尔（Montreal）：加拿大第二大城市。 温哥华（Vancouver）：加拿大第三大城市。 History |Countries |Time |Main Figures |Main Incidents | |Canada |15th-16th Century |John Cabot Jacques Cartier |discovered Canada; opened interior of Canada | | |1756-1763 |King Louis XV |Seven Years’ War; British Rule began | | |1774 |Sir Guy Carleton |Quebec people recognized as French Canadians | | |1867 | |Canada was born | | |Beginning of 20th Century | |Rapid economic growth | | | | | | | |1936 ...
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...Nonetheless, he made new mistakes, above all, when he restored the system of currency valuation and brought about the collapse of the mine industry. As a result, the General Strike took place in 1926, and Churchill opted for his political exile. However, when Britain declared war on Germany (September 3, 1939), he made his comeback as First Lord of the Admiralty again. When the crushing defeats of Britain and her allies caused the resignation of the Prime Minister (Chamberlain), Churchill became Minster of Defense, thus, he had to deal with the war issues. Churchill was pressed to negotiate peace because England had lost her main ally (France), but he decided to continue fighting without invading the European continent. Eventually, that was the best decision since later on the allies (US, Canada, England) landed on France (June 6, 1944) and defeated the Nazis forces. After that, there were many battles and Churchill led the allies to victory. In conclusion, Churchill reflects some of the most important characteristics that were key to lead England to the summit of the world. For example, perseverance, pride, boldness, forwardness, enthusiasm, cleverness, leadership, humility and, in crisis...
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...The British Political Reflection through The Westminster Alice by Saki, The Parody of Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland Lecturer: Dr. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A (Hons) by: Miranda A. R Siregar Student Number: 136332007 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2014 The British Political Reflection through The Westminster Alice by Saki, The Parody of Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland I. Introduction Alice and the adventure in wonderland and Alice through the looking glass are the master pieces of literary work by Lewis Carroll. The characters in the story, particularly Alice herself become such an iconic character. Alice is basically a girl who has a high imagination and able to see the world differently, out of general border. We may discover several works based on Alice in wonderland, from the day the story was published until this present time. There are a lot of books and movies that inspired by Alice. In this essay, I would like to discuss is “The Westminster Alice” by Hector Hugo Munro (Saki) in 1902, The specialty of this book is so much different from any other work adaptation of Alice in Wonderland, which most of them are actually similar story or the adult version of Alice. This book is a parody of British politic based on Alice in Wonderland character. The Westminster Alice is the name of a collection of vignettes written by Hector Hugh Munro (Saki) in 1902 and published...
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...of government in the UK.” House of Commons – It is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The HoC is part of the legislative process of British Politics. It consists of 650 elected members of Parliament, who represent a board spectrum of political parties. Each MP represents a constituency, which is a localised geographical area. There are two ways in which people get elected, it can happen either during a general election or by-election. A big range of political views and interests are represented in the House of Commons, which enables the ‘House’ to ensure that legislation and decisions are well debated by a variety of different people, which political views differ. HoC has a lot of different roles, MP’s are responsible of debating and passing all laws (legislation), controlling finances, protecting the individuals, examining European proposals, and scrutinises the work of the government, policies and administration. Those roles may have extremely wide impact on the country and public services. House of Lords – It is the upper house, the Second chamber, and is also commonly referred to as “the Lords”. The House of Lords can have a variable amount of members. Currently, there are about 790 members who are eligible to take part in the work of the HoL. Members come from many walks of life and bring experience and knowledge from a wide range of occupations. Majority of them are life peers, which means that they are not able to pass their title on to their children...
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...on Section B SECTION A QUESTION ONE PRIME MINISTERIAL POWER “For too long the big political decisions in this country have been made in the wrong place. They are not made around the Cabinet table where they should be, but they are taken on the sofa in Tony Blair’s office. No notes are kept and no one takes the blame when things go wrong. That arrogant style of government must come to an end. I will restore the proper process of government. I want to be Prime Minister of this country not a President (Source: David Cameron, The Times, 5th October 2006) “The Cabinet is the committee at the centre of the British political system. Every Thursday during Parliament, Secretaries of State from all departments as well as other ministers meet in the Cabinet Room in Downing Street to discuss the big issues of the day. The Prime Minister chairs the meeting, selects its members and also recommends their appointment as ministers to the monarch. The present Cabinet has 23 members (21 MPs and two peers). The secretary of the Cabinet is responsible for preparing records of its discussions and decisions”. (Source: From a modern textbook) (a) What criticism is David Cameron making of Tony Blair’s style of decision making in source 1? [5] (b) Explain the main functions of the cabinet [10] (c) To what extent have UK Prime Ministers become “presidential”? [25] Or 2 QUESTION TWO THE JUDICIARY A powerful coalition of judges, senior lawyers and politicians has warned...
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...Edexcel AS Politics Edexcel AS Politics ExamBuster 2009 Introduction to Unit 1- People and Politics Understanding the Examination and Exam Technique Choosing your questions In this unit you are presented with four questions. They are of equal value and each question covers one of the four sections of the specification. These are: Democracy and political participation Party policies and ideas Elections Pressure groups There is no significance to the order in which questions appear. Each question is divided into three sections (a), (b) and (c). When choosing which questions to do, the following principles are recommended: It is almost certain that you will be better off choosing your strongest question to do first. You should choose questions on the basis of how well you can answer the section (c) part. The (c) part carries 25 of the 40 marks available for the whole answer. Do not choose a question simply because you can do part (a) especially well. The (a) question is only worth 5 marks. It would be illogical to choose your strongest (a) part if you cannot do well on section (c). If you cannot decide between several (c) parts, i.e. you can do more than one equally well, make your choice on the basis of part (b) which carries 10 marks. But remember, it is the (c) parts that will determine most what your overall mark will be. So, when you first look at the exam paper, look at the (c) sections first. Assessment Objectives Each question is divided into three sections,...
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...The party that wins a majority of seats in the House of Commons after a general election, its leader will be invited by the monarch to form a government. 2010 Coalition * Conservatives were longest party in HoC but failed to win overall majority * Labour negotiated a coalition with LibDems and later the LibDems negotiated with both main parties for a coalition * Labour and LibDem did not make an overall majority * Gordon Brown later resigned and advised the Queen to ask Cameron to form a government either as a minority or in coalition with LibDems. * Cameron accepted and formed coalition with LibDem ‘The Government’ 25 members are members of the HoL and 90 are MPs. MPs that are from the party that is in government ate not members of government! They are known as backbenchers and the members of government are known as frontbenchers. All members of government are appointed by the PM. The cabinet (22-23 members) meet regularly. Ministerial selection The PM must weigh up the qualities of individuals against the political consequences of appointing them. Qualities that ideal ministers should possess: * Must be politically reliable * Must have potential * Should share their views * Managerial skills needed Under coalition * How many cabinet posts do they have each? * Must discuss whom to elect together Other forms of government * Minority government – party forms a government without a parliamentary majority...
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...citizens vote to choose the best candidate. Democracy derived from liberalism, which is the ideology that individuals develop their capacities to the fullest. A democracy reflects the liberal value that individuals are responsible for their own choices. Citizens can be free to run their lives as they want. Democracy requires an attitude of mind, a belief that every citizen has the right to a hearing, a sense that no doors are closed to talent and energy. Democracy in Africa is slowly coming together, but not fast enough. 1993 was the first presidential in 10 years. Abiola won, but soon went to jail for treason and the military remains in power. The wave of democratization called “second liberation” began at the end of the cold war. Political institutions have to be built in order for Africa to become a full fledge democracy. "Most of Africa lacks the crucial educated middle class and professional classes and the mediating private and public institutions that compose a civil society”(William Pfaff). Political conflicts have brought a collapse of government of authority. The low levels of income at about $300 per year continent wide and huge trade deficits is not a good standing in moving toward a democracy. The only six countries that have seen economic growth are Ghana, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Gambia, and Burkina Faso. The United States, other western countries, and the UN have assisted in the democratization process. The United States aid has totaled 1.2 billion...
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...Constitutional monarch Princess Elizabeth succeeded to the throne in the age of 25 after the death of her father, King George the VI. The next year she as given the title “Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God< of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and territories, the Head of the British Commonwealth of Nations, defender of the faith”. So what does the title of constitutional monarch contain and what is the role of the Queen within the UK and the Commonwealth? One can seem that the Queen takes active part in the governing of the kingdom: she is an integral part of the Parliament together with the House of Lords and the House of Commons. None of the parliamentary bill becomes a law without her Royal Assent. Prime-minister of the UK defeated in general elections or lost the majority in the House of Commons submits his petition to the Queen. And then the Queen offers a leader of the winning party to form a new government or consults with respect to whom it may be entrusted. Ambassadors accredited in London work not in some governmental department but at her court, and all honours including titles and distinctions in deed are awarded by Prime-minister on behalf of the Queen. The Queen is a commander-in-chief, head of the English church and on behalf of the Queen all the titles of archbishops and bishops. Formally she even appoints professors to their offices. In accordance with the law monarch is a head of the executive and judiciary...
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...Truman became the thirty-third president of the United States. World War II had ended and there was a relapse in job growth and economic growth within the United States. Many labor unions led strikes and protests, which benefited the Republican Party. The Republican Party was focused on the blue-collar workers, the same group that was led by the labor unions. This is an interesting circumstance because labor unions are typically unapproved of by Republicans. With Truman still in the presidency, the GOP had finally won control of congress and passed an important piece of legislation. Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. The act balanced management and labor rights. This subject was a central issue within the heavily industrialized states. Nonetheless, the Taft-Hartley Act benefited the GOP by gaining Republican...
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...which advocates economically liberal and increased socially conservative policies (as opposed to the "old right" which advocated economically conservative policies and small-l liberals with more socially liberal views). Unlike the United Kingdom and United States, but like neighbouring New Zealand, the 1980s saw the Australian Labor Party initiate Third Way economic reforms, which bear some familiarity to "New Right" ideology. After the John Howard Coalition defeated 13-year Labor government at the 1996 federal election, economic reforms were taken further, some examples being wholesale labour market deregulation (e.g. WorkChoices), the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST), the privatisation of the telecommunications monopoly Telstra, and sweeping welfare reform including "work for the dole". The H. R. Nicholls Society, a think tank which advocates full workplace deregulation, contains some Liberal MPs as members and is seen to be of the New Right. Economic liberalism, also called economic rationalism in Australia, was first used by Labor's Gough Whitlam.[2] It is a philosophy which tends to advocate a free market economy, increased deregulation, privatisation, lower direct taxation and higher indirect taxation, and a reduction of the size of the welfare state. The politicians favouring New Right ideology were referred to as "dries", while those advocating continuation of the economic policies of the post-war consensus, typically Keynesian economics, or were more socially...
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