...African-American street culture in New York City during the 1970s (Watkins, 2001), but the art has expanded to become a multi-billion dollar industry (Atkinson & Halliday, 2003), mostly due to the success of rap music, the most widely publicized and marketed aspect. Media such as television and magazines are responsible for hip-hop’s global recognition today, allowing everyone from the United States to Germany and Korea to embrace the culture (Bennett, 1999). Hip-hop culture has made an enormous transition from its beginning stages to its current state. Early hip-hop reduced inner-city gang violence, as aspects such as the break dancing and rapping acted as positive outlets for at-risk youth, but the emergence of “gangsta” and commercial rap during the 1990s severely lessened the emphasis on non-violence (Watkins, 2001). Today, media associate hip-hop culture with drugs, sex, and violence (Yousman, 2003). This research paper will analyze advertisements in hip-hop magazines, with the aim of discovering how women are depicted. Specifically, this paper will examine how the majority of advertisements within three major hip-hop magazines in the United States depict women in a manner that both reinforces male dominance in American society and depicts women as sexual objects. This paper will also explain and demonstrate how the media images are functioning according to Professor George Gerbner’s cultivation theory. Several scholarly sources deal with hip-hop culture and gender biases,...
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...Jonathan Escalier Introduction to Mass Communication Reaction paper 1 A) How do we in contemporary society make use of mass media: transmission of culture selective exposure, source of information, entertainment, etc.? Contemporary society makes use of Mass Media in many ways. One example is the exposure of favored information through beliefs, attitudes, and decisions. Twitter a social networking site has brought many towards opinions of from many races on todays world event and celebrities. Twitter starts with a tweet and is then re-tweeted to several people to expose the trend. It also allows for a communication with celebrities and who is following whom in order to be a part of his or her’s opinions and be up to date with their daily activities. Another way that the contemporary society uses Mass Media is through commercials. Commercials are a great way of being able to influence what he or she is thinking and lead to a decision based on the commercial. For example, In sport games there will be a big amount of pizza commercials that allow the person if he has a group of friends over his house to order a pizza in hope that he does not miss a minute of the game. Lastly a good commercial on microwable foods will feature an emphasis on quality and how fast it is prepared. Stouffers lasagna is a popular dinner that feeds a family of 3-4. Companies like Red bull pay people to drink their energy drink in hopes to get an opinion of a new taste that they are testing such as Coca...
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...POLISCI Final Paper Term 1, AY 2013 - 2014 The State of Music Today In my opinion, most of today’s music has no soul. Although opinions may differ, this statement holds true to many people. The music industry is slowly destroying music. It is a sad irony, but it true. Music has always been a lucrative way to make money. Music has always been a business. People paid to hear talented musicians play their music. People pay very large amounts, sometimes too extravagant, sums of money to watch their favorite bands or artists perform at live concerts. People constantly every release of their favorite band or artists. The fact is that, people spend money on music. Where there is money, there is greed. This is an inevitable fact. Everyone wants money and more money. Our lives revolve around money. This is where everything went wrong for the music industry. The business overpowered the music. The major record companies sign ‘hot acts’ or popular musicians to make money off them. It used to be that record companies were vessels in which the musician can use to let people hear their music. The true objective of a record company is to distribute the music of the artist and fairly pay the artist what they are rightly due. Record companies are not supposed to be bigger than the music, they are supposed to be about the music. They are supposed to support the artist and give the artist the means to make their music and then distribute that music to the fans. Popular music has become...
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...Correlational Study on types of music on the Academic performance of STE students of Oriental Mindoro National High School INTRODUCTION Many students listen to music to alleviate the emotional effects of stress and anxiety when engaged in complex cognitive processing, such as studying for a test, completing homework assignments, or while reading and writing. This practice is so common that it would be beneficial for college students to understand the role that music plays on cognitive performance. Researches demonstrating the effects of music on performance are well documented, but have shown ambiguous evidence on this matter. In studies conducted to learn about the effects of musical distraction on cognitive task performance, the findings have demonstrated the idea of music improving cognitive performance (Cockerton, Moore, & Norman, 1997), but there has also been research contradicting those results, where music was found distracting for participants performing cognitive tasks (Furnham& Bradley, 1997). However, with the plethora of music genres available to music listeners, it is important to understand how different types of music impact performance. Additionally, very few studies address the interaction between the intensity or volume of the music played and its effect on cognitive processing. The present study aims to understand the effect of listening to different genres of music played at different volume levels on cognitive task performance. Many students choose...
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...Baptiste MWF 2-3p Native American Music: A Root of Contemporary Music Yet Explored What is Native American Music? As our class brainstormed ideas for research, I already knew what topic I wanted to explore. Having been a musician, closely involved with music my entire life, I directed my focus toward Native American music. Before I began to develop any sort of directed, narrowed research questions, I asked myself first, “What is Native American music?” Regarding various definitions of the so-called “genre,” I discovered that Native American music shouldn’t be typified into any genre or defined style of music. It was the perspective toward music that was unique to Native peoples, and this perspective is key in understanding the Native American influence on later creations of music. Definition and Philosophy Native peoples tend to view their music in a distinctly different way from Euro-Americans. To Natives, music is thought; music appeared to be particularly inclusive into Native Americans’ way of life, and is unique in its origin, meaning, and efficacy. To ask “what is Native American music?” would be a question foreign to Native Americans, especially during the time that Native American music was first discovered. One aspect of music specific to indigenous peoples is its place in daily life. In fact, “its place in human affairs are much more significant to Indians than its mode of construction or technical character.” (Native American Music, 1980, p. 12) Unlike the Euro-American...
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...Rangel MUS360 TR 4PM Research Paper The genre of music called “Hip Hop,” originated back in the 1960’s with the help of a Jamaican native and Dj, named Kool Hurc aka, Clive Cambell. Since the evolution of hip hop, the style of music has become one of the main branches of an artistic culture that consists of b-boying (break dancing), graffiti, and MC-ing. All of which have tremendously influenced many aspiring artists, their physical images, the ever-changing sound of hip hop, and other elements that relate to the hip hop culture. A lot of people claim that hip hop and rap can only be about violence, aggression, sex, and money in order to sell or be popular. Another view on hip hop and rap is that it’s too violent, and inappropriate to audiences. That it’s not even music but just a bunch of crap, when in reality, it’s like poetry. The lyrics that artists write come from personal experiences, and perceptions of what they see in the world they live in. Hip hop and rap is more than just music. One of the primary sources I found is a review/article published in “The New York Times” called “The Uncluttered Hip-hop of De La Soul”, written by Peter Watrous, in which Watrous critiques the performance and the group De La Soul at a show. This review of Del La Soul is relevant to the history of hip hop course because it makes a point in which gives an argument for positive recognition of not only De La Soul, but other hip hop groups with similar style of music. These groups don’t write...
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...Abstract This paper discusses the underrepresentation of blacks in the accounting profession in light of the increasing demand for Certified Public Accountants (CPA). The paper ex- plores the various reasons why blacks are underrepresented in the accounting profession. Furthermore, the paper examines these reasons through the lens of race and ethnicity. The paper also synthesizes multiple sources regarding blacks’ underrepresentation in account- ing. Blacks are underrepresented in accounting because of internal and external factors linked to their ethnic identity. Many blacks feel that they do not belong to the accounting profession, and as a result, they rarely choose accounting as a career. Many CPA firms think that blacks are not capable of doing the job and delivering the superior results that clients expect. While the demand for new and diverse accounting talents is increasing in light of recent white-collar crimes committed by Bernie Madoff, Enron and WorldCom, blacks’ representation in the ac- counting field still remains low. Research has shown that blacks are under- represented in most American Certified Public Accountant (CPA) firms. There is much speculation as to why this is so. One reason might be that blacks have some personal qualities that cause them to enter the account- ing profession at a low rate. Some people might even wonder if society is still oppressive towards blacks years after the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The reasons why blacks are underrepresented...
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...African-American, afro Caribbean, and Latino communities of the Bronx and then spread to Harlem and other boroughs of the New York City in the early 1970s. It is defined as a style of popular music of United States and Hispanic origin, featuring rap with an electronic backing. It can also be described as a culture and form of ground breaking music and self-expression with elements that consisted of the elements of graffiti art, DJing, MCing, and breaking. Today Hip-Hop is considered to be dead in the mainstream because so-called mainstream Hip-Hop doesn't have the elements of hip-hop and have no meaning....
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...anti-establishment and unlicensed all night dance parties, featuring electronically-produced dance music (EDM), such as techno, house, trance and drum and bass. Since their late 1980s origins in the U.K., raves have gained widespread popularity and transformed dramatically. Consequently, their many cultural traits and behaviors have garnered much sociological interest, which mostly falls into two competing perspectives: cultural studies and public health. In this paper, we review what raves look like today compared to their high point in the 1990s. We then discuss how the cultural studies and public health perspectives define raves and have studied them over time, focusing on the “pet” sociological concepts each has sought to advance. Our analysis of these literatures reveals important differences in rave research by country and over time. We end by discussing the politics associated with the shift in rave research. Introduction Society has been greatly influenced by many alternative scenes, subcultures, or lifestyles oriented around music, youth and young adults (Epstein 1998). Some of the more notable ones include the English punk scene in the 1970s- 1980s, the U.S. jazz (1930s-1940s) and hippie scenes (1970s), and the 1990s rave scenes in the U.K. and U.S. From them have come musical innovation, social identity, fashion and other aesthetic nuances, and mainstream and alternative cultural production. Increasingly, sociology has used scenes and lifestyles to investigate...
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...Research Paper on Chris Brown Ashley Marie Rodriguez John Jay College Criminal Justice, City University of New York Psychology of Personality Mindi Wapner, PhD, NCSP Fall 2015 The glamorous life of the music industry is no easy task to live up to. This kind of world requires dedication, talent, sacrifice, passion, and a plethora of other qualities one must have to arise to true stardom. Talent and good looks will only get oh so far in this industry, but what it really takes is, a whole lot originality and a sprinkle of “pizazz” to allow you to succeed beyond your wildest dreams. This is no easy job for the average Joe Schmo, who thinks that just having talent may be enough, there has to be that “it factor” that makes you stand above the rest. Many of the major/mainstream music labels in this day and age are looking for their next big hit that will make them millions of dollars in revenue for their brand. When you are an artist signed to a major label you become a brand ambassador for that label, as well as yourself. You must be willing to do what it takes to make your music, as well as your products sell, sell, and sell. But always keep in mind, when you are a well-known artist who lives in the spotlight and is releasing music on a constant basis, your life becomes super public, where you have people all over the world watching and judging everything you do. Now this next artist who I will be introducing in...
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...Industry Forecasting Introduction Trend analysis and forecasting play a big part in projecting a product’s assumed success or failure within the different markets. This paper will identify a particular product and present research illustrating the major trends that will impact that industry over the next five years. Finally, I will synthesize how those anticipated trends might impact the successful marketing of the product. Product The iPad is a highly portable tablet pc designed by Apple to enable its users to surf the internet, wherever there is an internet connection and with the cellphone industry providing Wi-Fi, this connection can be made practically anywhere. Apple released the iPad to the public in April 3, 2010 and functions like a touch screen computer with access to web browsing, email, photos, videos, music, games, e-books, and much more (Apple, 2010). This high definition portable pc has revolutionized the way people define computers and innovatively captured the market share. Future Trends The Apple iPad has without a doubt made a tremendous splash in the ocean of portable computing. In terms of trend setting, Apple seems to be the leader when it comes to creating and producing a product, while others stumble over to mimic. This is supported by the idea that those organizations that can identify and effectively deal with the key trends before its competitors do, is much more likely to win and retain the competitive advantage (Mullins & Walker...
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...contribution Brazilian women have made to the development of the Brazilian church often goes unnoticed. Although Brazilian women were not able to achieve ordination within the religious structure, their leadership and ability to persuade spiritual leaders made them an influential voice in the Brazilian church. This research paper will examine the roles of Brazilian women in the Brazilian Church in the progressive era with a particular interest in the early nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. During the progressive era, Brazilian women re-shaped the Brazilian church to a public political forum where Brazilians could engage in discourse and educate others, setting the stage for organized political movement. At the same time that middle-class Brazilian women were encouraging Brazilians to embrace “La Raca Negra” they were also endorsing the “politics of respectability” in their efforts to work for the uplift and reform of their own race. Ultimately, Brazilian women contradict their efforts to uplift the race by utilizing the Brazilian church as an arena of political discourse because they are conforming to the Victorian ideals to earn respect within mainstream society simultaneously. In order to understand the roles of women in the Brazilian church, the roots of the Brazilian church must be understood. Predominately...
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...When Rock arrived on the music charts in the 1950's, a merging of African-American and White music, it made a huge impact on society. As a general rule I am not heavily into music, but I was drawn to Rock for some inexplicable reason. It is just the music I like. This genre will be difficult to write about because the origin of Rock is unclear; there are traces of Rock's style back into the 19th Century. It is also a very broad subject and I will have to compress a lot of information into as few pages as possible. Be that as it may, Rock is, in my opinion the best music genre on the charts. There is so much information on Rock that I will have to have questions I want to find the answers to about the music. My first question will be, "What instruments are commonly used in a rock band?" This will not be hard to answer as it is a very easy question that has a definite answer. The next question will be, "Who were the first artists to produce Rock music?" This is also an easy question were I will discuss the first Rockers. Continuing on, my next question will ask, "How was the term Rock and Roll' created, and by who?" This may turn out to be a hard question to answer because I am sure there a multiple answers. "Has Rock become more or less popular since its inception?" will be my next question. For this question I will have to look for a survey or poll of some type and present its data. My final question will be, "How has the Music been changed over the years and who changed...
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...WINTER 2015 5. Midterm Paper The paper is to be completed by Week 6 (Wednesday, February 11 at 11:59 PM). You will write a research-driven paper on an independent entertainment company outside of the major entertainment companies discussed in class. You need to have your choice of company approved by the instructor prior to writing the paper by Week 2. Please submit your company to the TA who will compile a list. Some non-traditional entertainment companies you may want to consider: Twitter, Relativity, Lionsgate, AMC, Starz, DreamWorks Animation, MRC, Legendary, MGM, a major MCN (Awesomeness TV, Fullscreen, Machinima, Maker), WME, Scooter Braun Projects, or another professor approved independent media company. Topics should include Historical Background, Principals Involved, Content, Business Models and Revenue Structure. This is your opportunity to write about a company you’re passionate about, other than the major media companies. The paper will be 5 to 7 pages (double-spaced, 12 font, 1” margins) plus notes/bibliography. Midterm paper is due Wednesday, February 11, 2015, no later than 11:59 pm on Turnitin. 6. Final Paper: Now that you have learned the landscape of the current media & entertainment industries, for your final paper you will be asked to predict how the market will evolve in the medium term (3-5 years) and discuss Disruption, Development, Integration, new business models, and what the structural movements could be in the value chain. Your paper should present a clear...
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...Table of Contents: Introduction Testimonials Websites Activity Article: Media and Girls Books and Reports Take Action 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 End the Sexualization of Girls and Young Women in Mainstream Media Children are exposed to a barrage of sexual and violent images through mainstream and other media. As children gain more access to media through technology such as phones and computers, the time per day that children are exposed to images is increasing. The average high school student spends as much as 8-10 hours a day with some type of media, according to recent findings from the Geena Davis Institute. Studies estimate that counting all ads, logos, labels, and announcements a child is exposed to 16,000 images in one day. (Youth Media Reporter 2009). Media and Violence Against Women Often, media such as TV, commercials, movies, music lyrics, and even Halloween costumes, sexually exploits girls and young women; and it perpetuates unhealthy and unrealistic stereotypical portrayals of both young men and women. Sexually violent material can contribute to a social climate in which violence against women is more accepted. According to several studies by the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls (2007), men and women exposed to sexually objectifying and violent images of women from mainstream media were more accepting of rape myths, sexual harassment, sex role stereotypes, and interpersonal violence. Such structures of violence allow violence against women to exist and persist...
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