...and explain the emergence of the complex forms of hybrid culture and identity that increasingly occur amongst youth throughout the world, but what factors best explain the participation of young people in these subcultures? Also, how do these factors operate? The purpose of this paper is to argue that the participation of young people in youth cultures is best explained by 2 factors; the media and one’s ethnicity. This argument is will made with particular reference to punk and hip hop subcultures as well as brief discussion of Indigenous subculture. The paper will begin with an over view of how subcultures are used to form identities and invent cultural meaning which will be followed by a discussion of the mass media’s influence on youth in today’s society and how and why the media is a major factor in determining youths involvement in different sub cultures. The influence a young person’s ethnicity has on their participation in subcultures will then be addressed with reference to Cohen’s (1955) version of strain theory and how this effects the formation and involvement in subcultures such as indigenous subculture and hip- hop. A conclusion will then be given stating that both ethnicity and the media are the best means of explaining youth participation in subcultures as they are largely influential in determining youth involvement in, as well as the original formation of subcultures. Sub- cultures are often seen as a way of forming collective identities from which an individual...
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...Reaction Paper 2 Posted in The New York Times the article “Angela Whitiker’s Climb” tells a tale of an American woman in the middle class. However Angela was not born into the middle class and like many Americans today worked her way up. At the age of 15 Angela was pregnant with her first son and by the age of 23 she was already a mother of five. At her lowest point, she found herself raising her five kids in an extremely bad neighborhood and on the lowest rung of the poverty class in America. Angela understood what it was like living in poverty, so much so that she chose to no longer tolerate this lifestyle. Looking down upon other women who have grown accustomed to their life in poverty Angela took a stand and vowed to get herself out. Her actions proved successful as she is now a registered nurse, but this is more than just a story of living the “American dream.” This is a story that gives us insight to the process legitimation of poverty in America. The process of legitimation is the way in which the system of social stratification, the level of inequality, and the power of the elites in society are made acceptable to the general population. (Kerbo 2011) The process of legitimation can be explained by two processes, the micro and the macro. One of the main factors in the macroprocess of legitimation is the mass media. Most of the major mass media organizations in the United States are in the hands of the upper class and major corporations. The Disney Corporation for example...
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...Ksenija Tihomirova November 29th, 2015 Professor Alp Tuncaci Politics of Russia and EE 01:790:381 Article Reaction #2 The article that I chose to respond to for the November reaction paper assignment was published online on the Washington Free Beacon website on November 4th, 2015 and was gathered by Daniel Wiser. Being a relatively new editorial, this piece of writing tends to grasp and touch upon recent events sprouting around Russia and the influence it aspires on the global spectrum. One of these events, a matter to be more precise, is concerning the Russian mass media and the role it plays in certain parts of the world, specifically the Eastern Europe; hence the name of the article- “Russia’s Propaganda Creating ‘Separate Reality’ in Eastern Europe”. Mass media, as we might have experienced and noticed that already, has a tendency to be biased towards one or another sphere of authority. The aforesaid tabloid, therefore, suggests that Russia’s publicity in the near West (Eastern Europe that is) is not just predisposed to pro-Russian news, but is actually forcing, to a certain extent, all the proRussian activities and procedures to the ethnic Russian minorities living in that area. That being the case, the article argues just how through “the weaponization of information, the Kremlin uses news and analysis as a means of provoking strong negative emotions, potentially leading to hatred, incitement and, ultimately, the justification of violence” (Wiser)...
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...MEDIA AND CRIME Introduction -With the growing urbanization (παγκοσμιοποίηση) it is necessary to rely on media to find out what has been happening in the world. As in the majority few people are vi ctims of serious crime, images of offending are formed in the majority of the people from the mass media! (MME) : newspapers, books, magazines, TV, radio, etc… Does Media have Legal Constraints? (Περιορισμοί)? Τhere is a difference between: • Broadcasting (μετάδωση): Section 6 of Broadcasting Acts requires impartiality (αντικειμενικότητα) in the reporting of news and political matters • But in the Press (εφημερίδα) there is no such a legal obligation! Written media can published more/less what it wants subject to the Law of Libel (δυσφήμιση) and some specific prohibitions. (example: Official Secret Act which prohibits press from publishing sensitive informations. Sources of the media’s information on crime • Police (The police still provide the bulk of the material in crime reporters. Because of their big influence manipulation (χειρισμός) of the media has now become a big part in policing!) • Home Office (Press Office) • The Legal Profession • The Prison Officer’s Association • Academics Selection of Crime News The journalist and editor play the central role as to how a story is formulated and presented in a newspaper! They select their stories in a subjective basis in accordance with the newspaper agenda! In his book “Law and Order News” Steve Ghibnall listed...
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...Brooke Basham April 20 2014 Research Paper News coverage is always evolving. The media industry gets a jolt from certain events, which brings instant change on how the media portrays these events. The media is faced with extreme controversy because media outlets are bias. The media is a form of propaganda making their bias tendencies a serious problem. Fox news was the most popular news coverage during the 2003 invasion on Iraq. They influenced other media outlets to cover war in the same way. CNN and MSNBC do not cover war the same way as Fox. The media has a tendency to leave out important information while covering war. They usually only show the pro-war side and not the anti-war side. As we all know, the media is a huge part of our every day lives. Whether we notice it or not, television and the Internet is our main source to obtain information. It is commonly used and widespread because it is used in many countries. Today, most people have phones that can access the Internet making a source of media right at your fingertips. We want to believe everything the media says because they are delivering important information about our country, but unfortunately it is not always accurate. Some believe media coverage is mainly influenced by national contexts. Coverage is expected to vary from news station to news station (Gerhards and Schafer 2013). A news station has different journalist, which separates every station from each other. Each station may believe in different...
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...Introduction How much influence do the media have on people’s self-image and behavior? That question is debated every time a “copy cat” criminal strikes and claims he saw the act committed in a movie. It has also arisen in connection with eating disorders and low self-esteem and how they relate to the appearance of the human body as portrayed in the media. This paper argues that there is now sufficient evidence to support a link, though not necessarily a direct causal link, between the media portrayal of the “ideal” body and people’s (especially women) reaction to their own bodies. Specifically, it argues that the unrealistically thin women and well-muscled men shown on television and in film show a body image that most people cannot attain, no matter how much they diet and exercise. Despite this, society insists that these distorted images are the “ideal,” leading some people to develop eating disorders or other psychological problems such as low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction when they fail to attain these impossible standards. Discussion As noted, the argument over whether there is a direct link between media images and body dissatisfaction is still a matter of debate; what is no longer debated is that “negative exposure effects” do in fact occur (Dittmar, 2009, p. 1). That is, it no longer in doubt that some individuals are affected negatively by what they see in the media. What studies are attempting to do now is to determine what “diverse factors” make these people...
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...aesthetic values and strategies, relationship of sound and lyric content, access to the mass media, social functions, and political orientation. (Note: reference must be made to actual pieces of music and/or performances.) Identify the key individuals and organizations that support or oppose the development of this music/phenomenon. Describe the reactions of various constituencies (young/old, women/men, black/white, upper class/lower class, etc.) to this art. Who is the audience for this music? How do they use it (ex. listening, relaxing, dancing, entertaining, educating, making a statement, protesting)? What does it mean to its audience in terms of culture, community, and political expression? What is your reaction to this art/phenomenon? What have been the social, political, economic and cultural successes/failures of this art? Things to remember: A. You will need to consult class materials (readings, movies, lectures, etc.) along with your own research and incorporate them into your paper. B. Make sure you touch upon the prevailing social, political, economic environments in which this art/phenomenon appears to ground your paper in a discussion of art cultures. C. Use proper citation as exhibited in the Di Yianni book and include a Works Cited page with your paper. Direct questions on citations to me if necessary. Due in class on Monday, April 21st. NO LATE PAPERS. NO...
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...After incubation at 37˚C for 15 minutes 1ml of DNS was added and boiled to stop the reaction. Absorbance was measured at 540nm against blank. 3.5 Xylanase Assay: To determine xylanase 0.5ml of culture broth as crude enzyme mixed with 0.5ml of xylan (1g of oat xylan in 100ml of sodium phosphate buffer). Reaction mixture was incubated at 37˚C for 15 minutes. 1ml of DNS was added for color formation and further it was boiled for 5 minutes in boiling water bath. Enzyme and substrate blank was prepared same as above. 4. Results and Discussion: A simple sterile submerged fermentation process could be used to grow Aspergillus niger sp to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. The yeast extract was the principal source of nitrogen for this fermentation. Amylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase were determined through using spectrophotometer. Absorbance was set at 540nm for determining enzymatic activities. Below are the readings obtained...
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...monumental. First of all, the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence against Women, taking place on December 6, was created by the federal government in 1991 as a reaction to the mass murder (McNeill, 2008, p.391). In the years following the massacre, the victims were mourned all over the country and some outrage rose at the fact that Lépine’s name was better known than that of his victims (McNeill, 2008, p.386). Memorials were therefore built to correct the situation and as a mean of remembrance, namely in Vancouver (1997) and in Montreal (1999) (p.390). Generally speaking, Polytechnique put the issue of violence...
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...10 ISSN: 2278 – 0211 (Online) The Effect Of Domestic Violence Films On The Youth: An Excursion Of Media Violence Theories and Persuasion Theories Dr. Ajilore Head Of Department, Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Ojo Titiloye Oyeyinka Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication, Tai Solarin University Of Education, Ijagun ,Ogun, Nigeria Nwaolikpe Onyinyechi Nancy Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Akinreti Qassim Olalere Head, Foreign Desk, Voice Of Nigeria And Part-Time Lecturer, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Odegbenle Lateef Department Of Broadcast Media, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Goke Rauf Head, Mass Communication, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Jegede Omolayo Station Manager, Babcock University Radio Station And Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication Babcock University, Ilisan,Ogun State, Nigeria Tsebee Asor Kenneth Department Of Mass Communication, Al Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Abstract: Several studies have been on the impact of media violence on aggressive and violent behavior. Researches on effect of media violence have proved that heavy exposure in films, videos, televisions and movies can increase the risk of behaving violently. This paper is an escursion of selected media violence theories -social learning theory, catharsis theory and cultivation theory, and Persuasion...
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...The mass media in the society is seen as the “eye” and the mouthpiece used to express feelings and at the same time protect the rights of the masses. It serves as the watchdog of the people ensuring that they are kept adequately informed of events and issues within the society. The four basic roles of mass communication identified by Lasswell (1971) are surveillance of environment, correlation of parts of the society in responding to the environment, transmission of social heritage and entertainment function. The media in carrying out its surveillance functions ensures that it keeps watch of events taking place within and outside any particular society and in the same vein keeps the public abreast of happenings within and around them. The correlation functions include interpreting and analyzing information about the environments and prescribing due conducts in reaction to events in the society. In transmitting social heritage, the media helps to inculcate knowledge, value and social norms from one generation to another or from members of a particular society to members of other society. The entertainment function entails creating a relaxed mood for the audience and amusing them but at the same time educating the audience. The newspaper which is part of the mass media is a strong tool used in addressing social issues, interpreting events and ensuring that readers are informed and entertained. Newspapers come in various shapes and sizes depending on the house style of...
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...The Psychology of Panic Research paper on Academic Writing Skills First semester – A.Y. 2012-2013 Kevin and Friends Antonio, KevinArlante, Gil AngeloJorge, CamilleLeonardo, LaarniePascual, Shenine LevinaSalcines, Denz JovelleSantos, Arrianne | The War of the Worlds is a science fiction novel written by Herbert George Wells in 1895-97 and was published in 1898. It is about the adventure of an unnamed protagonist as he ventures in London while the Martian are invading the Earth. The setting of the Novel is in the time of the Victorian England and is one of the earliest stories that involved an extraterrestrial race. It has two parts: The Coming of Martians, and The Earth under the Martians. The Mercury group, which was led by Orson Welles, adapted in their show “Mercury Theatre on the Air” the science fiction novel The War of the Worlds by H.G Wells for the airing of their Halloween show in the night of October 30, 1938. Orson Wells and his writer Howard Koch revised the novel to have the elements of a radio play and made it to sound like real news broadcast. The group aired the show in time with their rival radio broadcast “Chase and Sanbourn Hour” in an attempt to increase their listenership status. Before they even started the radio play, an announcer informed the listeners that they will feature the imaginative novel. However, regardless of the radio show’s disclosure, the play stimulated various responses. During and even after the airing of the program, millions...
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...Organic Chemistry Name: Rochelle Bailey Lab #: 7 Date: March 9, 2015 Introduction: Aldehydes and ketones are two of several types of compounds that contain the carbonyl group. Reactions that occur because of the presence of the carbonyl group include nucleophilic addition reactions and base catalysed condensations. Aldehydes are also easily oxidized, which provides a convenient means to distinguish them from ketones. The carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones is highly polarized; the carbonyl carbon bears a substantial partial positive charge and is susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Further, since it is sp2 hybridized it is relatively open to attack. Because the carbonyl contains no good leaving group, addition occurs rather than substitution. Aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds; however, the pure compounds do not undergo hydrogen bonding as the alcohols do. Thus the boiling points of aledehydes and ketones are lower than alcohols, but higher than alkanes or ethers. Low molecular weight carbonyl compounds are water soluble. Tests used to classify aldehydes and ketones Question 1 Identify the tests used to classify aldehydes and ketones. For each test identify the reagent(s) used and tell what observations/ results are expected. Write equations to show reactions (where appropriate). There are various tests that can be used to identify aldehydes and ketones. Some tests can be used to identify the carbonyl group in compounds while others can be used to distinguish...
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...MASS MEDIA EFFECTS In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Theories of Communication (LAC 701) A paper prepared by Group Four John Fasisi (91817) Kalim Gazal (136615) Moyofade Ipadeola (95580) Nwachukwu Egbunike (147181) Oluwaseun Oti (168137) Seyi Bodunde (168139) Victor Eze (167521) And submitted to: Professor F. A. Adesanoye Department of Communication and Language Arts Faculty of Arts University of Ibadan November 27, 2012 ABSTRACT This literature-driven study examined mass media effects. The work peered into the history of the ‘powerful media’. An in-depth review of relevant theories of mass media effects was analyzed. Findings pointed towards both positive and negative impacts of mass media. However, there was no empirical evidence to substantiate a direct cause and effect relationship of mass media messages with the actions of the consumer of the information. Consequently we can only assert that the mass media impacts on society but does not necessarily have an effect since other factors also influence people other than information consumed from the media. As such, this study asserts that the mass media influences public opinion but does not necessarily cause it. Key words: powerful media, mass media effects, theories of mass media effects, impact of media messages INTRODUCTION The mass media involve organisations that are responsible for the dissemination of information to a large number of people. Basically, the mass media...
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...October 6, 2012Criminal Court Visit Essay Abstract The purpose of this paper is to highlight the different aspect of the Criminal Justice after visiting the criminal justice office(s). The visit is done during the last week of September 2010 and the visiting point was the United States District First Court of Appeal, the court located at 301 S. ML King Blvd. Tallahassee, Florida. In this paper the findings will be discussed that what factors (selected) are involved that affect the process of administration of justice. It will be tried the best to explain the observations and views with comparison and contrast. However, the points will be discussed in narrative format to grab the information precisely. The Criminal Court Visit and the Observations First, have some information about the Criminal Justice. The Criminal Justice is the system or group of system and institutions that have the prime responsibility to mitigate the crime or crime rate and to take necessary actions to cope with the situations that is critical and sensitive in nature to maintain the peaceful environment of the society. It is ideal profession for those who has investigative mind. The President's Commission defined the criminal justice system as the means for society to "enforce the standards of conduct necessary to protect individuals and the community”. (The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society, 1967) The Criminal Justice system has three main parts: Police, Courts...
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