...should look further into avoiding. Depression The chosen disease for this report is depression. Depression can be categorized as a psychological disease as well as a neurological, or neurodevelopmental problem. It comes in many forms and in different magnitudes. This means that depression can be short-term or it may may not be curable. In some cases, depression can follow other diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, high blood pressure, chronic lung disease, arthritis, stroke, cancer and many more. (WebMD, 2014). For a majority of cases, depression is accompanied with anxiety. There are many different forms of treatments available but the three major treatments are: cognitive treatments, pharmacological treatments, and alternative therapy treatments. Cognitive Therapy With cognitive therapy, most of the attention is given to a person’s thoughts. As human beings, we are always surrounded by multiple thoughts at any given time and thoughts are affected by one’s mood. For instance, when someone is in a bad mood, certain thoughts are going to be negative in nature. But through the help of cognitive therapy, those negative thoughts can be defused by having the patient think of good memories; creating new and creative thoughts. With long-term therapy, the patient is able to change their negative thinking about...
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...As many as 19 million Americans million are affected by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.“ Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations” (Craddock, Jones 1999). Major depressive disorder or unipolar depression is characterized by a consistent low mood and lack of interest in things typically enjoyed .A second classification of major depressive disorder, is dysthymic disorder which is a chronic but less severe form of major depression (John W. Santrock 2007). Also major depression has many subgroups including seasonal affect disorder and postpartum depression. While there are many treatment options for the symptoms of mood disorders and promising scientific research, much is still unknown about a disorder that affects so many lives. According to Dinsmoor, R. S. &ump; Odle, T. G. (2009), bipolar depression refers to a condition in which people experience two extremes in mood. The bipolar spectrum includes; bipolar I, bipolar 2, bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified) and cyclothymia and all are related to disturbances in mood but differ in severity of symptoms. They are differentiated by the...
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...individual and those who care about him or her. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (2015) identifies the symptoms that are typically associated with depression and they include feelings of being “discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or disinterested in life in general.” Depression presents itself in a similar fashion across the board with varying degrees of intensity in which it is then classified according to its different forms. For example the two major forms include 1) major and 2) persistent. If an individual is experiencing major depressive disorder it can occur either once or multiple times in their lifetime in which all five previously listed symptoms have interfered with daily life (NIMH, 2011) for at least 2 weeks. Conversely, when an individual’s depressive episode continues for at least 2 years, it has transformed into persistent depressive disorder (NIMH, 2011). Persistent disorder is also known as dysthymia and it consists of the same major depression symptoms and may occur with symptoms that are low in severity. Other forms of depression may be classified as occasional or situational and may include the following: - Psychotic Depression: an individual has been clinically diagnosed with depression due to a psychotic break in their cognitive awareness in which delusional behavior may occur such as hallucinations. - Postpartum Depression: a new mother that has recently given birth to her...
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...depression and borderline personality disorder, a clinical psychologist uses the Rorschach method to possibly provide treatment. Martha is 24 years old and a biracial women. Her psychiatrist has referred her for psychological testing. Martha has been in the hospital several times due to depression and suicide attempts. She has been diagnosed with major depression as well as borderline personality disorder. She is only taking test because her father and psychiatrist are in her words “making me do this”. Martha is given several cards to examine. Only one of the few tools helping diagnose patients. (Contemporary clinical psychology, 2011) Level Two Heading Replace the level two heading with the words for your heading. The heading must be in bold font. Interventions Major Depression Disorder (MDD) has symptoms that overlap with those of Borderline Personality Disorder, and generally co-occur. Furthermore; treating BPD has been proven to decrease the symptoms associated with depression. However, treating depression alone does not alter, or lessen the symptoms of BPD (Beatson & Rao, 2012). The interventions recommended for treating Martha’s major depression and borderline personality disorders are cognitive-behavioral...
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...patients. It is also important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the various forms of therapy and its benefits. CAM is meeting the needs of many consumers due to various reasons. The increase in healthcare cost has encouraged many consumers to research alternative methods to help cope with various medical conditions as opposed to turning to the pharmacological methods that were typically accepted years ago. Consumers also have more access to new trials and studies in regards to CAM because of increased access to the internet and media. Because of this, patients are more involved in their own healthcare and treatment decisions than in the previous years. According to the National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1 in 4 adults from various backgrounds are currently using CAM therapies. (“The use of, 2011) Some of the most common medical reasons patients decide to try CAM therapies are problems with anxiety and depression, reoccurring nausea and pain related to cancer, and symptom management related to labor and delivery. Nurses play a major role in the patient education and treatment of these 3 areas. One of the largest growing health concerns for all ages currently is the growing problem of anxiety and depression. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 28.8% of the US population has been diagnosed with anxiety, and 16.5 % have been diagnosed with a form of...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression Your Name Here BEH 225 Date Teacher Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression One very common type of psychological disorder is depression. “Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness.” (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p. 398). Depression is the most common type of mood disorder. Most individuals who suffer from depression feel as though they do everything wrong and feel like they are a failure at life. They also tend to blame themselves for their problems. People who suffer from depression often lose interest in sex and food and are also likely to suffer from insomnia. They also have problems concentrating and suffer from short term memory loss. It is normal to be sad occasionally, but this is different from being clinically depressed. When there is a disturbance in mood that is a normal reaction or the disturbance does not last very long, there is no cause to worry; however, when it is long lasting and it is not a normal reaction it is classified as a mood disorder. Depression is mainly diagnosed by a person’s self-reported experiences or the person’s friends or relative’s voiced concerns. This then prompts a physician to do a mental examination to determine if the person is indeed depressed. After a family history is done, and the doctor is aware of the patient’s symptoms, the physician may ask the patient different questions and...
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...conventional medicine”. According to"Types Of Complementary Medicine"(2009), "Complementary medicine is a nonstandard treatment or medicine that you use together with conventional treatment or medicine. For example, acupuncture, when used to treat nausea and vomiting that accompany chemotherapy or post-surgery pain, is a complementary therapy. Alternative medicine is a nonstandard treatment or medicine that you use instead of conventional medicine. If you use kava in place of prescription medicines such as benzodiazepines or tricyclic antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression, the kava is considered alternative medicine. Integrative medicine is, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), a combination of standard medical therapies and complementary or alternative therapies about which there is scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness. As practitioners of conventional Western medicine pay more and closer attention to the benefits of many complementary and alternative therapies and determine how to use or recommend them, the mainstream health care system becomes more integrative.” CAM differs form allopathic medicine in that many CAM methodologies are not regulated by any governmental agency leading to potential inconsistencies in levels of active ingredients, patient outcomes and sometimes health care costs. However, some of the physical methodologies are regulated, in as much as the...
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...mood swings that they themselves have a bipolar disorder. This is not true in all cases. A bipolar disorder is a mood disorder which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Understanding the differences plays a major role in diagnosis of a person who has this type of bipolar disorder. With bipolar disorder being an offspring of depression, and mania or hypomania there are several different patterns of symptoms. Each of these symptoms is different from one person to the next. There are three forms of a bipolar disorder. The first is known as Bipolar I disorder. This form may cause problems with a person’s place of employment, education, and even with that of a significant other. The second is in the middle and called Bipolar II disorder. With this form a person can usually maintain an everyday lifestyle. Instead of having a full blown episode of either depression or mania they are slightly less severe. The last form of this disorder is known as Cyclothymia. This is the smallest of all three. A person feels more in control with this form due to the fact that the highs and lows are not like that of the other two forms. A bipolar disorder is a something that stays with a person and is known to be a long-term condition. It is very important for the person who has been diagnosed with this condition to keep a close watch on the signs of possible...
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...treatment for depression receive it (Melnyk 5). Although there is no universally preferred screening tool used to diagnose adolescents with major depressive disorder, there are optional diagnostic techniques. Two of the most studied ways to diagnose depression...
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...As children grow into teenagers and young adults they will face many struggles and hardships. Although that is normal, depression rates are becoming more abnormal and continuously increasing through time. A surprising 11.2 percent (Noguchi) of teens have major depression with an even larger 25 percent suffering from anxiety (Noguchi) and shows no signs of lowering, leaving people questioning how the depression rates have risen so high and so quickly in these young people. There are many factors in what causes depression of youths and the overwhelming rise of it alongside anxiety and social phobias. Many teens repress their feelings of anger which leads to a buildup of stress and eventually ends in major depression and outbursts. Yet they are...
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...depression, clinical depression, which is a more severe form that lasts longer and involves loss of pleasure in nearly everything they do, or dysthymia, depression that lingers for long periods of time but is not major. Mood disorders can be caused by biological, psychological, and social factors because each plays a role in a person’s daily life. Treatment of the disorder has remained quite similar to how it was done years ago with some slight changes being implemented throughout the years to keep current with the times (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Depression is a common and normal reaction to the many life struggles one will face; it just varies in how bad a person gets it. It is very normal for someone to get upset and be sad over something that has occurred in life, but when it starts to affect how a person behaves for a long period of time, then, there may very well be a problem. There is major depression and chronic depression, dysthymia, a DSM-IV-RT is used to distinguish between the two (Morris & Maisto, 2010). A person who just feels blue, cannot think straight, sleep, and does not want to participate in a normal routine, but overcomes those feelings and it does not last for long periods of time suffers from depression. A person who constantly feels hopeless, suffers from feelings of guilt and insomnia, is indecisive, lost pleasure in normal activities, and has thoughts about ending life is clinically depressed or has major depression. A person who suffers from depression...
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...is many different types. I am going to be talking about Major Depressive Disorder. There is even different categories of it, but the main category I will be focusing on is F33.3 Major Depressive Disorder which is basically Major depressive disorder that is recurrent and severe with psychotic symptoms. Causes of This Disorder The causes behind depression are complex and not yet fully understood. While an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters the chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells...
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...to Morris and Maisto (2002), the goal of insight therapy is “…to give people a better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions, in the hope that this will lead to better adjustment (p.527). The three major insight therapies are psychoanalysis, client-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy. Psychoanalysis allows a person to express his or her thoughts using free association. During this process, the analyst remains quiet and out of sight. The advantage of this form of therapy allows people to recall past events and give them the opportunity to work through the feelings and beliefs that underlie their problems. However, this form of therapy may take five years or longer and many people cannot afford that length of treatment. Another disadvantage is that this form of therapy does not work immediately and is not effective with severely disturbed people. Client-centered therapy, according to Carl Rogers, “…is to help people become fully functioning, to open them up to all of their experiences and to all of themselves” (Morris & Maisto, 2002, p.529). In other words, Rogers believed that it is important to always follow the client’s lead in therapy and that the client is responsible for change. Gestalt therapy differs from psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy. “Gestalt therapy emphasizes the here-and-now and encourages face-to-face confrontations” (Morris & Maisto, 2002, p.530). In this form of therapy, the therapist is active and direct and their goal...
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...Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Teresa A. Robinson PSY/480 Elements of Clinical Psychology August 30, 2012 Debbie Simms Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Depression knows no economical, social, racial, or gender. Depression affects the lives every person on the planet, in one way or another. Depression manifest it’s self in many ways. It causes weight gain, weight loss, anxiety, moodiness, sadness, irritability, restlessness, loss of interest in people, places, and things, loss of energy, loss of appetite, and much more. Because depression has so many different facets, it stands to reason that there are just as many ways to effectively treat the disorder. Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems are clinical psychological approaches to depression. Each one uses a different approach and in some areas there are overlaps. The information in this paper addresses origins, goals, and techniques of the approaches. Also, an explanation of how each approach affects the treatment strategies of the selected disorder, and the effectiveness of each approach. Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Psychodynamic therapy is talk therapy like what a person sees depicted on television or in the movies. This type of therapy allows patients to examine emotions, feelings, thoughts, and memories ("Web Md", 2005-2012). Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the “…form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the important role of thinking in how we feel and what...
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...I want to pursue a college education in order to open myself up to better career opportunities in the future. Also, I would like to develop myself into a productive and successful adult in society. College will hopefully provide me with the opportunities to learn and grow in my knowledge, expand my horizons with new and unimaginable experiences, and build my character for a successful life. In the fall, I will begin my journey in my major of Occupational Therapy at West Virginia University. This is a five year program for a Master’s Degree. Occupational Therapy is a form of therapy for those recuperating from physical or mental illness that encourages rehabilitation through the performance of activities required in daily life. After completing...
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