...TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Executive Summary …………………………..…………………………………………..… 3 Change: Kotter’s 8 Step Model Applied to Government’s Contracting Out 1. Contracting-Out Defined in Government Agencies……………………………..….. 4 2. Initial Acceptance of Change………… urgency (Step #1)….…..…………………... 4 3. Attempted Resistance of Change. Form a Powerful Coalition (Step #2) …………….…..5 4. Benefits of Government Contracting Out…………………………..…………….…. 5 5. Who benefits from government contracting out?. Create a Vision for Change (Step #3) .. 6 6. What is the method by which contracts are awarded?……………………………..….. 6 a. Competitive Bidding Contracts……… ……………………………………...… 7 b. Sole Sourcing …………………………..…………………………………...…. 7 c. Set aside Government Contracting……………………………...………..……. 7 1. Women-Owned Small Business………………………………………….…. 8 2. Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB)………......… 9 3. Veteran –Owned Small Business (VSOB)……………………………….…. 9 4. Small Business (SB)………………………………………………………... 10 5. Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZone) ………….……….…10 6. Small Disadvantaged Business (SDB)…………………………….……........10 7. Small Disadvantaged Business 8(a) Certified [8(a)] Communicate the Vision (Step #4)………………………………………..……….10 7. What additional steps have been taken to encourage Federal agencies' use of WOSB, ...
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...Small Business Introduction “Ensuring small businesses can thrive is about more than economic success. It’s also about who we are as a people. It’s about a nation where anybody who’s got a good idea and a willingness to work hard can succeed. That’s the central promise of America.” “Small businesses are leaders in innovation and drivers of the economy. Small businesses hold more patents than all of the nation’s universities and largest corporations combined, and create two thirds of all private sector jobs, employing half of all working Americans. The Federal government is the largest buyer in the world, spending over $500 billion each year. For the Federal government contracting with small businesses is common sense. Small businesses get the revenue they need to create jobs and drive the economy forward, and federal agencies get the creativity, innovation, and technical expertise of small businesses to help accomplish their mission. When small businesses are excluded from federal contracts, the Federal government, American taxpayers, and the nation’s economy lose out.” Interagency Task Force on Federal Contracting Opportunities for Small Business Objectives • Identify the elements of the Department of Defense (DoD) Small Business Program for defense acquisitions to include the overall policy and regulations, small business goals, small business size standards, non-manufacturer rule, and North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. • Identify...
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...INDIAN BARE ACTS THE ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION ACT, 1996 No.26 of 1996 [16th August, 1996] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards as also to define the law relating to conciliation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. WHEREAS the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in 1985: AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended that all countries give due consideration to the said Model Law, in view of the desirability of uniformity of the law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of international commercial arbitration practice; AND WHEREAS the UNCITRAL has adopted the UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules in 1980; AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended the use of the said Rules in cases where a dispute arises in the context of international commercial relations and the parties seek an amicable settlement of that dispute by recourse to conciliation; AND WHEREAS the said Model Law and Rules make significant contribution to the establishment of a unified legal framework for the fair and efficient settlement of disputes arising in international commercial relations; AND WHEREAS it is expedient to make law respecting arbitration and conciliation, taking into account the aforesaid Model Law and Rules;...
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...INDIAN BARE ACTS THE ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION ACT, 1996 No.26 of 1996 [16th August, 1996] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards as also to define the law relating to conciliation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. WHEREAS the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in 1985: AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended that all countries give due consideration to the said Model Law, in view of the desirability of uniformity of the law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of international commercial arbitration practice; AND WHEREAS the UNCITRAL has adopted the UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules in 1980; AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended the use of the said Rules in cases where a dispute arises in the context of international commercial relations and the parties seek an amicable settlement of that dispute by recourse to conciliation; AND WHEREAS the said Model Law and Rules make significant contribution to the establishment of a unified legal framework for the fair and efficient settlement of disputes arising in international commercial relations; AND WHEREAS it is expedient to make law respecting arbitration and conciliation, taking into account the aforesaid...
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...Arbitration Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts. The parties to a dispute refer it to arbitration by one or more persons (the "arbitrators", "arbiters" or "arbitral tribunal"), and agree to be bound by the arbitration decision (the "award"). A third party reviews the evidence in the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in the courts.[1] Other forms of ADR include mediation[2] (a form of settlement negotiation facilitated by a neutral third party) and non-binding resolution by experts. Arbitration is often used for the resolution of commercial disputes, particularly in the context of international commercial transactions. The use of arbitration is also frequently employed in consumer and employment matters, where arbitration may be mandated by the terms of employment or commercial contracts. Arbitration can be either voluntary or mandatory (although mandatory arbitration can only come from a statute or from a contract that is voluntarily entered into, where the parties agree to hold all existing or future disputes to arbitration, without necessarily knowing, specifically, what disputes will ever occur) and can be either binding or non-binding. Non-binding arbitration is similar to mediation in that a decision can not be imposed on the parties. However, the principal distinction is that whereas a mediator will try to help the parties find a middle...
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...The Effect of Nigeria Power Sector Reform on Private Sector Investment ONOWA SIMON OWOICHO BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI Abstract Electricity generation, transmission, and distribution are a ubiquitous and integral part of any modern economy. Aside from providing households with all the conveniences of electric power, a modern and reliable electricity sector contributes to efficient overall economic production and plays an important role in determining Nigeria’s competitive advantage. But in addition to its role of providing a source of energy, the electricity sector also contributes to lifting overall Nigerian economic activity and employment through its capital investments in electricity infrastructure. This report assesses the economic impact of Nigerian power sector reform on private sector investment. The methodology used allowed us to calculate economic multipliers—rules of thumb that link new investment in the sector to overall economic activity. The economic multipliers are valuable for planning because they link each dollar of additional investment by the industry to a given dollar value of overall economic output, job creation, and tax revenues. Moreover, this report links the occupational requirements of these increases to capital spending—highlighting the number of workers and skills to put in place future electricity generation, transmission, and distribution capacity. 1 Introduction The availability of reliable Electric Power to the homes and businesses...
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...[pic] Student Guide for Performance Based Service Acquisition And The Seven Step Process (ACQ 265) Nov 2009 Table of Contents UNIT 1 Introduction UNIT 2 Form the Team, Review Current Strategy, Market Research Step 1: Form the Team Step 2: Review the Current Strategy Step 3: Market Research UNIT 3 An Industry Perspective: Approaching an Acquisition UNIT 4 Requirements Definition Step 4: Requirements Definition UNIT 5 Develop your Sourcing Strategy Step 5: Sourcing Strategy UNIT 6 Execute the Strategy Step 6: Execute the Strategy UNIT 7 Performance Management Step 7: Manage Performance Appendices I Acronym List II Glossary | | | |Course Title |Performance Based Service Acquisition (ACQ 265) | | | | | | | |Lesson Title | Course Introduction | | ...
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...Eastern Asian Enterprise Structures and tlie Comparative Analysis of Forms of Business Organization Richard D. Whitley Abstract Richard D. Whitley Manchester Business School, Manchester, U.K. The economic success of different forms of business organization in East Asian countries emphasizes the variety of viable enterprise structures and suggests the need for a comparative analysis of how they develop and operate in different societal contexts. Major differences between East Asian business 'recipes' include the range of activities that are authoritatively coordinated, their pattems of development, the ways in which they are organized and controlled and the organization of inter enterprise relations. These differences suggest eight major dimensions on which dominant enterprise structures in different societies can be compared and how their development can be linked to major social institutions. Introduction Organization Studies 1990,11/1:047-074 © 1990 EGOS 0170-8406/90 0011-0003 $1.00 The economic success of Japanese firms over the past 40 years has emphasized the viability of alternatives to United States management structures and practices, as well as highlighting the limited generality of the business strategy-structure relationships identified by Chandler (Alford 1976; Kagono et al. 1985: 99-110; Maurice et al. 1986). Whereas it may have seemed reasonable in the 1960s and 1970s to regard Japanese organizational practices and forms as temporary stepping stones...
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...or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. The goal of CSR is to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. The term "corporate social responsibility" came into common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s after many multinational corporations formed the term stakeholder, meaning those on whom an organization's activities have an impact. It was used to describe corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach in 1984. Proponents argue that corporations make more long term profits by operating with a perspective, while critics argue that CSR distracts from the economic role of businesses. Others argue CSR is merely window-dressing, or an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations. CSR is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for and will uphold to its consumers. Development business ethics is one of the...
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...increase a large number and type of international disputes. For resolving these disputes the arbitration mechanism is adopted as it resolve disputes (commercial or political) quickly through practical solutions rather than relying on the inflexible and lengthy processes of national litigation that the existing systems had to offer. In modern times, with the rapid growth and expansion of international business transactions Commercial arbitration is an efficacious alternative dispute resolution technique in business community. Though, it is a private, cost-effective and prompt method of resolving cross-border disputes, which makes the parties to opt for this mechanism over domestic litigation. But at the same time it is not a “neutral” venue or system, requires the foreign party to follow the other national’s court procedures and systems, may involve different languages, cultures and business practices, is usually slow (and therefore costly), and that foreign court judgments are often difficult (if not impossible) to enforce outside the country in question. This brief paper attempts to set forth some of the issues that will...
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...here?” The paper concludes with a discussion of operationalization. JEL: D2, D73, D86, L2 www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers © Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Germany Transaction Cost Economics: An Introduction Oliver E. Williamson This overview of transaction cost economics differs from prior overviews to which I have contributed in two respects: it presumes little previous knowledge of the transaction cost economics (hereafter TCE) literature; and it is organized around the “Carnegie Triple” – be disciplined; be interdisciplinary; have an active mind. It is partly autobiographical on that account.1 Section 1 discusses the Carnegie Triple and sets out five key quotations that anchor the transaction cost economics project. Sections 2 through 4 describe how TCE implements each element in the triple. Section 5 discusses operationalization. The conclusions follow in Section 6. 1. 1.1 Introduction The Carnegie Triple It was my privilege...
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...babout.indd 325 30/12/10 12:00 PM “Flawless Consulting is not just a practical, useful, and inviting book for practitioners. It’s all those things, but it’s also a book about some of the most vexing issues we face when consulting to organizations—issues of resistance, truth, doubt, vulnerability, and accountability. If you find yourself giving advice to people making choices, then this book is a must-have for you. Buy it today, use it tomorrow.” Jim Kouzes, award-winning coauthor of the best-selling The Leadership Challenge and The Truth About Leadership; Dean’s Executive Professor of Leadership, Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University “Consulting at its best is about action and interaction, relationships and results. In a highly readable guide that is both inspirational and practical, Peter Block leads consultant and client together through a proven approach to realize their future.” Samuel R. Strickland, chief financial and administrative officer, Booz Allen Hamilton “. . . surpasses the high standards of relevance, clarity, and wisdom characteristic of previous versions. . . . Whether one’s consulting experience spans five years or fifty, there is a great deal in this new edition to prompt us to reflect upon our own practice and to discuss with colleagues.” Roger Harrison, independent consultant and author of Consultant’s Journey: A Dance of Work and Spirit and The Collected Papers of Roger Harrison “Peter Block has written a masterful third edition...
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...Creating Collaborative Gatherings Using Large Group Interventions By Jack Martin Leith Chapter 28 of the Gower Handbook of Training and Development, Third Edition, 1999. ISBN 0-566-08122-9 Twelve years down the track I wrote this book chapter in 1999. Since then, my thinking and practice have moved on considerably. So you will understand that I had reservations about continuing to make the work available. However, much of what I wrote 12 years ago is just as relevant today, and I have set my reservations aside. I hope you will find the content useful. Jack Martin Leith Bristol, UK November 2011 A complex world calls for strategic collaboration They say we’ve moved into the information age. But that’s not completely accurate. What we’re witnessing is not just an explosion of information. We’re seeing the proliferation of just about everything. No matter whether it’s street cultures or nation states, drugs or spiritual practices, providers or consumers, TV channels or distribution channels, pluralism is now the norm. It’s becoming increasingly difficult to find a way through all of this proliferation, diversity and complexity using the inflexible, machine-like model of organisation that we inherited from the industrial revolutionaries. We badly need an organisational model that’s considerably more adaptable and responsive. This chapter is about a new approach to organisation called strategic collaboration. Strategic collaboration is a way of getting significant work done...
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...entity such as sub-contractor. It is the process of placing the development of system components in another development organization with the aim of achieving cost reduction and a gain in terms of production capacity and development. The main striking features of the Nigerian economy today is that available infrastructures of all types fall far below the quantities and qualities required. This naturally results in overstretching of most facilities. Despite huge potentials in almost every sector, poor overall economic performances have made it inevitable to tap unduly and at high cost and less profit than they should be. According to Alaofin (2003), “operating costs are high in Nigeria inspite of relatively cheap labour hence, running any business according to international standards is therefore costly”. He further stated that facilities management as an area is just evolving in Nigeria through janitorial services which is the best development component, has been around for nearly (5) five decades. Security services are in the stage of development. He stated that there are various merits of outsourcing which include better focus, economics of scale in purchasing and specialization. Dalhat(2009) in analyzing the development of a service industry coalition in Nigeria stated that services regulatory bodies exist, and active with existence of a strong professional class. That a well developed services sector enhances competition, leading to stimulation of economic activities and ultimately...
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...------------------------------------------------- 497 Study Guide Module I: Industry & Competitive Analysis “Porter’s Five Forces”: 1. What is strategy (fundamental question in strategic management) a. How to achieve superior financial performance 2. Why industry Analysis? b. Industry analysis helps a firm understand the underlying economic forces that contribute to or detract from its profitability, and subsequently suggests a means for firm to find an optimal position for itself. i. Industry is a group of firms that produce products or services that meet the same needs of customers in a competitive market. ii. Industry Analysis uses economic principles to understand how profit is distributed among participants in a market (including both direct competitors and other parties such as suppliers) 3. Porters Five Forces – are a checklist of things that can affect value capture and creation c. Rivalry Among Existing firms iii. Few firms : Betrand – fight in price Cournot – fight on quantity Collusion – Firms choose price cooperatively iv. Industry concentration: % of total industry sales accounted by the 4 largest firms d. Threat of New Entrants v. Switching cost, capital requirements, access to distribution, product differentiation vi. Puts a cap on profit potential of an industry e. Power of Buyers vii. Price Sensitivity f. Power of Suppliers ...
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