...Throughout history diseases have plagued the world and one disease, malaria, is up there as the most deadly. In this week’s readings, Giovanni Verga`s, “Malaria,” it talks about such disease. In the concept of industrialization, sickness brings forth another wave of sickness which killed millions. Although this was a time of political up-rest, disease effected everyone and even then they didn’t have anything to cure/or really even treat the disease. Once you got the symptoms, you would either just live with the nasty aftereffects or just succumb to it. In the reading it talks about how people who just simply live with it for in sense forever until they would get it again and die finally from it. It’s like a curse of death, but death doesn’t...
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...INFECTIOUS DISEASE >pathogens (bacterium, virus, parasites) invades the body and multiplirs in its cells and tissues >ex. flu, malaria, tb, measles *Bacteria >single-celled organisms that multiply rapidly on their own >most are harmless and beneficial >some are infectious ~bacterial disease - results from infection as bacteria multiply and spread throughout the body *Viruses >smaller bacteria working by invading a cell and taking over genetic machinery to copy themselves ~viral disease ex. flu, AIDS TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASE (contagious/communicable disease) >can be transmitted ~bacterial disease (tb, gonorrhea, strep throat) ~viral disease (cold, flu, AIDS) NONTRANSMISSIBLE DISEASE >caused by something >does not spread >develops slowly and have multiple causes ex. cardiovascular disease, cancers, asthma, diabetes, malnutrition **since 1950, incidence of infectious diseases and death rates from them reduced: >better health care >antibiotics >dev't of vaccines Infectious Diseases are still Major Health Threats >in less-developed countries >diseases can be spread through air, water, food and body fluids >reasons: •disease carrying bacteria has developed genetic immunity to antibiotics •disease transmitting insects (mosquitoes) became immune to pesticides (DDT) *epidemic - large scale outbreak of an infectious disease in an area or country *pandemic - global epidemic like TB or AIDS Case Study The Growing Global Threat from Tuberculosis ...
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...long, ranging from poverty that has taken its role in delaying the progress, to mal nutrition and diseases “…Third world nations still share a number of common characteristic, all of them suffer from some aspects of political, economic, or social underdevelopment” (Handelman, 2011, p2). Plasmodium parasite is the disease that causes Malaria which is primarily transmitted and caused by bites from female anopheles mosquito. It is one of the top three killer diseases in Africa “The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors", which bite mainly between dusk and dawn” (WHO.int). Malaria No More is an NGO that demonstrated it’s committed to fight Malaria disease in Africa and providing basic human needs to tackle the infestation of the disease that spread in most Africa’s countries. MNM (Malaria No More) is also working relentlessly to provide vaccination to Africans suffering from the disease on one hand, and furnishing Africans with Mosquito sleeping nets on the other hand as a preventive approach to enable them sleep without getting exposed to mosquito bites at night. MNM efforts is limited to their funding constrains; private donations are the primary sources of funding that MNM relies on. Raising more awareness is one way the organization depends on in their efforts to educate the public about the severity of the disease, getting them engaged is an objective that they strive to reach by committing to the cause in the...
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...those negative effects. In digging the Panama Canal, builders and contractors faced many challenges that went far beyond the construction of the Panama Canal itself. The deadly endemic diseases of Yellow Fever...
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...Culture and Disease: Malaria Jocelyn M. Atkinson HCS/235 September 12, 2011 Windy Tanner Culture and Disease: Malaria There are 300 million cases of malaria globally each year, resulting in more than one million deaths. Ninety percent of the deaths caused by malaria occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is the leading cause of death in children under age five. Malaria constitutes as ten percent of the continents overall disease burden. Africa has a tremendous amount of the malaria burden due to the Anophelus genus mosquito. This species of mosquito is the only species that can transmit the disease. Malaria cannot be transferred directly from one person to another. It has to be contracted from the bite of a mosquito. The female Anophelus picks up the parasite from an infected person when she bites to obtain blood needed to foster her eggs. Once inside the mosquito, the parasite develops and reproduces. This parasite needs an incubation period of one week before it can actually be spread. When the mosquito bites another person, the parasite mixes with its saliva and then passes it into the blood stream of the person bitten. Once the parasite has entered the body, it travels to the liver where it can remain dormant for months or years. When in the liver, the parasite can multiply rapidly. The parasite attacks the red blood cells destroying them and obstructing the capillaries that carry blood to the brain and other vital organs. Symptoms typically...
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...Native Americans Native Americans had inherited the land now called America and eventually their lives were destroyed due to European Colonization. When the Europeans arrived and settled, they changed the Native American way of life for the worst. These changes were caused by a number of factors including disease, loss of land, attempts to export religion, and laws, which violated Native American culture. Native Americans never came in contact with diseases that developed in the Old World because they were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe when ocean levels rose following the end of the last Ice Age. Diseases like smallpox, measles, pneumonia, influenza, and malaria were unknown to the Native Americans until the Europeans brought these diseases over time to them. This triggered the largest population decline in all recorded history. Fifty percent of the Native American population had died of disease within twenty years. Soon after, Native Americans began to question their religion and doubted the ability of shamen to heal. This was the first step towards the destruction of Native cultures. The Native Americans had never experienced anything like these deadly diseases before and they came to believe that Europeans had the power to kill or give life. Many Native groups, because they were nomadic, didn't see land as belonging to one person. The idea that someone could come in, claim a piece of land and ban them f... The Effects of Colonization on the Native Americans ...
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...“Over one million people die from mosquito-borne diseases every year” (OXITEC, 2016). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish, and mosquitoes help pollinate some flowers, when they consume nectar. In contrast, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that cause by mosquitoes but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention such...
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...Malaria is a disease impact the human health throughout the universe. It is a dangerous and it can be a life threatening disease. Also, it being to be more serious especially when it infects pregnant women or children. Malaria has cure ,so it can be treated efficiently. But, it becomes fatal if it is not detected and treatment early. Malaria is transported to human by certain type of mosquitoes or from another person that has infected. It has many symptoms, most of them resemble the symptoms of usual diseases such as flu. People can get the Malaria infection in all ages . Most of the Malaria cases are detected in Africa. Malaria has four different types each of them has specific parasite which is a primary cause of it . Malaria is...
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...I will be comparing the way gods and humans were depicted in sculpture in ancient India and Greece, and identifing the cultural values and ideals that these art works reflect in each culture. There are two theories that have been the main debate on the death of Tutankhamun. The first theory is that King Tut died from a leg infraction that was caused by a bone disease that was due to malaria. The second theory is that Tutankhamun's death was caused by a chariot accident based on a head injury. Many scientists theories have been based off their investigations using microscopes, X-ray machines, and DNA/chemical analysis. According to author Dan Vergano, Zahi Hawass the Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities found traces of malaria genes in Tutankhaum. By taking xrays it revealed that King Tut's broken leg was caused by malaria. These xrays also showed that Tutankhamun had a painful deterioration of his bones. Hawass also performed tests that showed patchy skin on his neck and cheek which at first thought to be a boil or plague. Later it was determined to be the mark of a severe form of malaria known as malaria tropical. According to Husna Haq from the Christian Science Monitor there was a 2 year investigation that determined through DNA study that Tutankhaum had a cleft palate and a clubbed foot. These findings we're published in The Journal of The American Medical Association. Howard Markell, the Director of the Center for the History of Medicine located in Ann Arbor...
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...The Polio Epidemic: In the summer of 1916, a polio epidemic was killing and crippling children. Polio is a deadly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads from person to person and invades a person’s brain and spinal cord, causing paralysis (Bush 281). Because the outbreak of polio occurred in an Italian community in New York, immigrants were to blame. Polio became one of the most feared diseases in industrialized countries. This was because it paralyzed hundreds of thousands of children every year (Bush 281). It was easy for polio to spread because there were few sanitary regulations. It was predominately a summertime disease because it was easy for flies to carry fecal contamination to food in summer. In 1916, researchers had little...
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...The malaria parasite infects the human’s red blood cells. Malaria symptoms include flu-like illness with high fevers, shaking, chills, muscle aches, and tiredness. Malaria is transmitted by plasmodium infected mosquitoes feeding on humans. Malaria infection in the US is very rare. The majority of malaria cases presenting in the United States are from travelers from parts of the world where malaria transmission occurs. The malaria transmission cycle usually starts when someone gets bitten by a female Anopheles mosquito infected through biting a malaria inflicted person. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of malaria parasites is taken up in the blood. When the mosquito bites someone else, these parasites mix with the mosquito's saliva and are injected into the person being bitten, thereby continuing the transmission cycle. Malaria can be quickly identified by examining the patient's blood, spread out as a "blood smear" on a microscope slide under the microscope. Rapid antigen test kits can also be used to detect antigens derived from malaria parasites. Molecular techniques like PCR take longer and serological show antibodies generated after the...
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..."Malaria Causes" The cause of malaria is the infection of the Plasmodium parasites that is passed to the human body by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. After the bite of infection, the parasites that often to be called sporozoites, travel to the liver through the bloodstream where the parasites will be mature and reproduce the other form of the merozoites. These merozoites are released to the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells. Those parasites multiply inside the red blood cells and infecting more red blood cells. Usually the first symptoms happen 10 days to 4 weeks after the infection. However, there are some cases that the first symptoms occur earlier in the 8th day, or can be as long as a year after the infection. The symptoms will be occurred in cycles of 48 to 72 hours. Mosquito transmission cycle * Uninfected mosquito. A mosquito becomes infected by feeding on a person who has malaria. * Transmission of parasite. If you're the next person this mosquito bites, it can transmit malaria parasites to you. * In the liver. The parasites then travel to your liver — where they can lie dormant for as long as a year. * Into the bloodstream. When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect your red blood cells. This is when people typically develop malaria symptoms. * On to the next person. If an uninfected mosquito bites you at this point in the cycle, it will become infected with your malaria parasites and can spread them to the...
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...Reed was soon commissioned to aid a board in determining the cause of yellow fever, the terrible disease also known as “yellow jack” that struck annually along the east coast and in the southern United States (http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display–query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=mlin_m_lexhigh&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE|K2431100296). The disease had spread to army troops in Cuba, and was killing thousands. Reed just shortly after joining the board was able to distinguish a pattern of prevalence in the infection throughout urban areas, and a trend in warmer climates. Reed and physician, James Carroll, were assigned to investigate Giuseppe Sanarelli’s claim that Bacilus icteroides, a type of mosquito, were the cause of yellow fever. After doing research Carroll and Reed disproved Sanarelli’s claim (http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow...
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...called Avermictins, which had the capacity to kill parasitic round worms. These round worms caused infections like river blindness and lymphatic filariasis. This particular compound were released into the market as Ivermictin. Ms Tu discovered Artemisinin a potent drug against malaria. Earlier there was no proper treatment for malaria and the most common drug used for the treatment of malaria were chloroquine and quinine. Artemisinin was extracted from the worm wood plant Artemisia annua. Omura along with William Campbell discovered Avermictins from soil bacteria and they were able to transform this particular compound into a drug which was potent in curing river blindness. Both of the discoveries were very simple yet they had a profound impact in the lives of many people. The drugs were responsible for curing millions of people from the fatal disease like malaria and filariasis Do you agree or support the discovery or activity presented in your article? Why or why not? Yes, I do support the discovery because of the impact it had on millions of human life through different parts of the world. It can be called as the most important discovery against parasitic worms causing the deadly disease like malaria and lymphatic filariasis. Hence the discovery causes considerable interest. Did the author provide...
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...still benefit from shots or medications and other information about how to protect yourself from illness and injury while traveling. CDC divides vaccines for travel into three categories: routine, recommended, and required. While your doctor will tell you which ones you should have, it's best to be aware of them ahead of time. Before visiting Nigeria, you may need to get the following vaccinations and medications for vaccine-preventable diseases and other diseases you might be at risk for at your destination: (Note: Your doctor or health-care provider will determine what you will need, depending on factors such as your health and immunization history, areas of the country you will be visiting, and planned activities.) To have the most benefit, see a health-care provider at least 4–6 weeks before your trip to allow time for your vaccines to take effect and to start taking medicine to prevent malaria, if you need it. Even if you have less than 4 weeks before you leave, you should still see a health-care provider for needed vaccines, anti-malaria drugs and other medications and information about how to protect yourself from illness and injury while traveling. CDC recommends that you see a health-care provider who specializes in Travel Medicine. Find a travel medicine clinic near you. If you have a medical condition, you should also share your travel plans with any doctors you are currently seeing for other medical reasons. If your travel plans will take you to more than one country...
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