...For my assignment I have chosen to write about breast cancer. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that forms in the tissue of the breast. It is mostly common in women, although men can get it. The risk factors that can contribute to a person getting breast cancer are, gender, age, genes, heritage, and breast density. Breast cancer is most commonly found in women due to the constant exposure to estrogen and progesterone. The next risk factor is age. The older you are, the higher the risk of developing breast cancer becomes. Your genes can also be a risk factor for developing breast cancer. It can come from your genes that were passed down from your mother or father, or other times, it can just be a strong family history. The next risk factor is your heritage. Often times, race plays a big part in the risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in African American women. The last risk factor is breast density. It has be recently proven to show that dense breast tissue is also a risk factor for developing breast cancer. There are ways to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Limiting your alcohol consumption, not smoking, control your weight, be active, breast feed, and limit your exposure to hormone therapy. The more alcohol you drink, the greater your risk of developing breast cancer. Limit yourself to 1 or 2 drinks a day. There is evidence that shows smoking is linked to breast cancer, quitting now can greatly reduce the chance of getting...
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...1. Davis et al – Descriptive correlational design Dependent variable-received a mammography within last 12 months Independent variable-knowledge and attitudes as measured by face to face interviews with closed end questions, reasons for non adherence (Doctor didn’t recommend it), belief statements about breast cancer, depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale No Intervention/ questionnaire only 2. Farmer et al: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable-increasing mammography adherence to screening within last 12 months Independent variable-Questionnaires, questions designed to elucidate perceptions of beliefs and barriers to screening, susceptibility and seriousness of breast cancer, knowledge of screening guidelines. Social support, cancer fatalism, dispositional optimism, perceptions of general health, screening guidelines. No Intervention/ questionnaire only 3. Levy-Storms: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable- three levels of nonadherence; Never had a mammogram (never), more than 2 years ago (lapsed), in the last 1-2 years (due) Independent variable- based on self report; demographics, knowledge (of risk factors and screening guidelines), beliefs (perceived norms, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived efficacy of early detection and mammography), psychological (concern about pain and about finding breast cancer) and access barriers (not in a health maintenance organization (HMO)...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...By definition, A public Health Disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease,injury,violence,or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantage population.Health disparities are inequitable, and directly related to the historical, and current unequal distribution of social,political,economic,and environmental resources. Health disparities result from multiple factors,including,Poverty.Environmental threads.Inadequate access to health care.Individual and Behavioral factors.Education inequalities Black Women have Higher Death rate from breast cancer than other women..Nearly 40,000 women die every year from breast cancer.Black women are %40 more likely to die from Brest cancer than white women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths,among women in the US.The reason for this fact is because of the fewer economical and social resources,genetic,and lack of information,in compare to the aggressiveness of the cancer.The federal Government and the health facilities should play a big rule by implementing the affordable care act, and to educate the women about the preventive benefit and coverage provided by the law, including coverage of mammograms with out co-pay,beginning in 2014.Increase the programs that raise up the knowledge and the awareness among these women such as ,The early detection programs,and the follow up care. The local health agencies,the medical field personnel,Doctors and Nurses,have the...
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...The University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics (UWHC) are teaching hospitals and lead the state of Wisconsin in technology, national certification, and accreditation. While the UWHC is focused on earning national accreditations and is currently the only hospital in Wisconsin with National Cancer Institute (NCI) status, it does not compete globally. SITUATION ANALYSIS The UWHC has the opportunity to demonstrate the expertise of their radiologic breast specialists on a global level by using their digital mammography equipment in countries where mortality rates are not decreasing by the standard 15% with the introduction of screening mammography (Jorgensen, et al, 2010). Denmark is a textbook example, with high breast cancer mortality rates which haven’t been significantly reduced with the introduction of screening mammography. There are several key reasons the mortality rate in Denmark is not declining at the same rate as the United States and most other developed countries: • The screening guidelines are much more lax. • They have a poor quality of film. • Their radiologists are not exceptionally adept at recognizing tumors and calcifications (cancerous when grouped or amorphous). • Staff is not trained to the same criterion. • Equipment used is not standardized across the board. • Eligible women have low mammogram screening participation rates. Issues: • Permission from the government-run healthcare system in Denmark, funding • Skepticism, group-think...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...widely known, largest and best-funded breast cancer organization in the United States Since its inception in 1982, Komen has spent nearly $1.5 billion for breast cancer education, research, advocacy, health services and social support programs in the U.S., and through partnerships in more than 50 countries. Today, Komen has more than 100,000. Komen supports for breast self-awareness as a primary method for fighting breast cancer. Komen supports universal screening mammography and breast self-examination, as well as ever-increasing levels of government spending on diagnosing and treating breast cancer. They promote early detection as the primary tool for preventing breast cancer deaths. Many scientific reviews have concluded that random screening mammography for all middle-aged and older women, regardless of each woman's individual risk of developing breast cancer, results in overtreatment of some women whose cancer would never harm them. For every one woman whose life is saved by screening mammography, 250 to 500 women will be told that they might have breast cancer when they don't. 125 to 250 will have biopsies performed, and between two and ten women will receive unnecessary treatment. Many corporate and charitable organizations run advertisements related to breast cancer, especially during National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, in the hope of increasing sales by aligning themselves with a positive, helpful message. In addition to selling pink products, corporate...
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...Health History and Screening of an Adolescent or Young Adult Client Save this form on your computer as a Microsoft Word document. You can expand or shrink each area as you need to include the relevant data for your client.    Nursing Diagnoses: Based on this health history and health screening, identify three nursing diagnoses that would be applicable for this client as well as your rationale for your selection of each nursing diagnosis. Include: One “actual” nursing diagnosis with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. One wellness nursing diagnosis with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. One “risk for” nursing diagnosis based on the health screening with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. © 2011. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Student Name: Beth Chiappara Date: October 16, 2014 Biographical Data Patient/Client Initials: AR Phone No: 951 244-6197 Address: 23055 Canyon Lake CA 92587 Birth Date: 02/14/89 Age: 25 Sex: Female Birthplace: Anaheim CA Marital Status: Married Race/Ethnic Origin: Caucasian Occupation: Financial Analyst Employer: University of California Riverside Financial Status: (Income adequate for lifestyle and/or health concerns. Is there a source of health insurance...
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...submit a Proposal for Individual Project by the end of Session 4. The Proposal should address the following seven questions. Rename the template including your name (e.g. Proposal for Individual Project_yourName.doc or .docx) and submit your proposal in the assignment folder “RsrchPaperProp”. I. What is the thesis of your paper? A strong Research Paper has a good thesis. Your thesis statement is a point of view in response to a research question. Read more about how to write a thesis statement here: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/1/ |Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, exceeded only by lung cancer. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis | |(DBT) or 3D Mammography in conjunction with conventional computed tomography (CT Scan) mammography is proving to be more successful| |in detection and possible prevention of Breast Cancer than conventional methods alone. | II. Who is the audience of your paper? It is important to have a well-defined audience in mind when you write your paper. Hopefully you will be able to define an authentic audience that may be relevant in some way to your current job and/or career goals. |ITEC610 class members, IT management, UCSP615 professor & class members | | | | ...
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...Graphics Vol. 2, No. 1, May, 2011 Identification of Abnormal Masses in Digital Mammography Images Indra Kanta Maitra Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: ikm.1975@ieee.org Sanjay Nag Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: sanjaynag75@gmail.com Prof. Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Professor and Senior Member IEEE, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail:skb1@vsnl.com Abstract Mammography is at present one of the available method for early detection of masses or abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. The most common abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer are masses and calcifications. The challenge lies in early and accurate detection to overcome the development of breast cancer that affects more and more women throughout the world. Masses appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters, which are often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. Digital mammogram is one of the best technologies currently being used for diagnosing breast cancer. Breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages with the help of the digital mammogram image. In this paper, a method has been developed to make a supporting tool. This will make it easy and less time consuming for identification of abnormal masses in digital mammography images. The identification technique is divided into two distinct parts i.e. Formation...
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...In today’s society, one problem that threatens women is getting their mammograms done, women are the most common to be diagnosed with breast cancer. This raises many questions; one question would be why women aren’t getting their mammograms done? Another question is, who is really getting their mammograms done today? The third question would be, what are the risks of mammograms? The answers to these questions might be the reasons why mammograms are affecting women and why breast cancer is still an issue in today’s society. The first source that is presented is “Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening” by the Susan G. Komen, is a Non-Profit Organization that helps women with breast cancer find a cure. In the article it talks about different reasons why women aren’t getting their mammograms. The article talks about health insurance, some of the barriers that women have, and the group of women who is more active in getting their mammograms done. The article mentions how health insurance plays an important role in who gets their mammograms. The article states that “women who don’t have health insurance are much less likely to get mammograms” than women who do have health insurance (Susan G. Komen pg1). It also talks about how minority women are the ones who are less likely to get a mammogram than white women. In the article “Disparities in breast cancer screening” answers the questions of who is really getting their mammograms done today? This article uses logos to show the type...
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...Liliana Banderas Sacha Idell Composition II October 27, 2015 Rhetorical Analysis In recent studies, scientists have discovered that less screening for breast cancer is better than more screening. They found that women who are tested before the age of 45 have a greater risk of a false positive which results in having to deal with multiple tests and examinations without the need of them. Researchers suggest that women should wait until they are at least 45 to begin getting any mammograms done. The CNN article “New breast cancer guidelines: screen later, less often”, was written according to the research in the original source, “Breast Cancer Screening for Women at Average Risk”. The way that this information is given by researchers is commonly different then the way that popular media provides the same information because the purposes of the two articles are different to one another. The purpose of the CNN article is to try and explain to the audience that breast cancer screening should be done during women’s late 40’s. The purpose is to persuade women to not get any screenings done before the recommended age. When it comes to the original source article, the researcher’s purpose of writing the article is to gather information that can be used as a source of information for other researchers or articles. The researchers are not trying to persuade anyone of a particular outcome, but instead explain how breast cancer screening can affect women before the age of 45. The researchers...
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...self-examinations related to educational level in a baccalaureate nursing program Teresa Fulton Erin Kane Lisa Travers Caitlin Van Brunt Nursing of Department The University of Scranton Intro/Lit review: Cancer is one of the most pervasive diseases in the world today. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women, second to skin cancer. According to the American Cancer Society (2008), it is estimated that 182, 460 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in the year 2008. However, the incidence of breast cancer is decreasing which may be attributed to earlier detection and improved treatment (American Cancer Society [ACS].) Methods of detection include clinical breast examination, self breast examination and mammography. Breast self-examination (BSE) allows for a woman to be aware of the regular look and feel of her breasts using a systematic approach and to consequently detect any changes in breast tissue (Budden, 1999, p. 431.) Breast self-examination is a methodical palpation of breasts to detect signs of breast cancer or detect changes in breast tissue; figure ___ depicts the process of BSE (Lowdermilk, 2007, p. 93-94.) Breast self-examinations should be performed monthly, 1 week after menstruating, because breasts are non-tender and not swollen, or on the same day each month if a regular period is not applicable (Lowdermilk, 2007, p. 94.) Early detection can improve the likelihood of the diagnosis of breast cancer, as the frequency of breast exams...
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...Information System Briefing Boston’s Mobile Mammography Van has been helping women receive a free mammography for the past five years. This mobile service travels around Massachusetts with licensed technologists and radiologists on board. Since the beginning of the Mobile Mammography Van all paperwork and documentation has been done manually. “The current lack of a software system introduces risks due to potential regulatory issues, patient safety issues due to potential missed follow-up, as well as program risks due to potential loss of funding” (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009, para. 9). Implementing a new software system will benefit the Mobile Mammography Van greatly. This paper is intended to identify the process for selecting and acquiring an information system, explain how the organizations goals drive the selection process, and identify the roles each organization’s stakeholders play in the selection process. Selecting and Acquiring an Information System When an organization is selecting and acquiring a new information system there is a great deal of planning and steps they must take to implement the system properly. The first step is to establish a project steering committee. “This committee’s primary function is to plan, organize, coordinate, and manage all aspects of the acquisition process” (Wager, et. al., 2009, pg. 150). After the committee has been formed the project goals should be outlines along with the scope of the project and committee. Many questions...
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...Running head: TARGETING BREAST CANCER AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Background…………………………………………..……………………………………………4 Preparing and Adapting to the Field..……………………………………………………………..5 Medical Anthropology Fieldwork Methodology...………………………………………………..6 Ethnographic Fieldwork Data Analysis …………………………………………………………..9 Reflective Comments/ Conclusion……………………………………………………….…….....9 References………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Targeting Breast Cancer among African American Women in Nash County: A Proposal to Identify Enabling and Reinforcing Factors of Seeking Preventative Screening Services Introduction Ethnographic field work is an excellent strategy in understanding and describing a cultural group. Field work is also an asset in performing a needs assessment in the planning phase of developing health promotion interventions. As described by Bailey (2002), “ethnographic techniques are integral tools for galvanizing and mobilizing communities for social action relative to generating a promotion and disease prevention agenda.” (Bailey, 2002) This paper serves as a proposal to conduct a medical anthropology field work project to assess reinforcing and enabling factors that promote the use of early detection and preventative breast cancer screening services among African American women. The study design consists of a qualitative ethnographic approach utilizing observation and focus group methodology....
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