Management refers to the process of getting organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources. Management has main characteristics: it is a process of continuing and related activities. It involves on reaching organisational goals and in order to reach the goals, it involves working with people and other organisational resources. (managementinnovations, 2008)
Other experts define management in different ways, for example Boddy(2014) describes management as ‘ the activity of getting things done with the aid of people and other resources’(Stuart, 1967; cited in Boddy, 2014, p 10).
Peter Drucker define management is ‘all about human beings. Its tasks are to make people capable of joint performance to make their strengths effective and weaknesses irrelevant.’ (Drucker, 2003)
There are many different approach to management, competing value of framework is a framework that allows us to identify and compare four models of management. Quinn et al. (2003) believes that competing values of framework is a way of integrating the theories of management. Organisations experience tensions between control and flexibility and between an external and an internal focus. Placing these on two axes allows theories to be allocated to one four types: rational goal, internal process, human relation and open systems. This is illustrated on figure 1.0.
Rational goal model ( Taylor) shows a clear direction leads to productive outcomes, with an emphasis on rational analysis and measurement. Internal process ( Fayol ) is a routine leads to stability, so an emphasis on defining responsibility, documentation and defined administrative process. Human relation ( Mayo) , people are motivated by social needs and managers who recognise will secure commitment. And the open system is a continual innovation secures external support achieved by creative problem