...Economy Profile: Russian Federation © 2012 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 08 07 06 05 A copublication of The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400; fax 978-750-4470; Internet www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax 202-522-2422; e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org. Copies of Doing Business...
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...Metro Cash & Carry A German Wholesaler’s foray into the Indian Markets Case Analysis Table of Contents S No. | Topic | Page No. | 1 | Introduction | 3 | 2 | China | 5 | 3 | China – Challenges | 5 | 4 | Russia | 6 | 5 | Russia – Challenges | 6 | 6 | India | 7 | 7 | India – Challenges | 8 | 8 | Recommendations | 9 | 9 | Conclusion | 9 | 10 | Appendix A | 10 | Introduction & Business Model The Metro Group is one of German’s largest trade and retail group player which. It is divided into four major business units: 1. Real/Extra - an everyday retail supermarket 2. Kaufhof - an up market department store chain 3. Media Market/Saturn - Europe’s leading electronics retail chain 4. Cash & Carry - wholesale distribution of goods The first ‘Metro Cash & Carry’ store opened in 1964 and it has been on an expansion route ever since. It initially sold only dry goods and then ventured into fresh goods & non-food items. Over a period of time, the product offerings increased leading to an increase in the customer segment. By 2003 they accounted for 240 Billion Euros of the total German wholesale market. Metro C&C worked differently than the traditional wholesale system where they sold food and non-food items in large warehouses on a cash basis. Their main customers were restaurants, bars, cafes, bakeries, SMEs and other food retailers. They issued electronic cards to the customer on the basis of which they...
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...Background: Since the late 1980’s the Russian people have experienced one of the most drastic transitions seen in the world to date, a transition from an attempt at communism to a workable capitalist system. As one would expect, this transition has not been painless and has been the impetus of many distressing problems for the Russian people. One such problem is organized crime. Organized crime during Soviet rule and the Russian Federation has created obstacles in this transition to a functioning market economy. This transition from the USSR to the Russian Federation has impaired Russia’s attempts at a market economy. It has worked its way through openings provided by the transition economy to become a setback to the Russian society and economy. Organized crime disables successful economic reform by influencing important issues such as competition, entrepreneurship, capital flight, the shadow economy, and violence. The major roots of organized crime in Russia go back to the middle of the twenty century. As early as the 1970’s, the Russian mafia had advanced to the status of primary protectors and beneficiaries in the robust Soviet shadow economy. By 1991, organized crime had expanded to form over 700 gangs in the Russian republic alone. This expansion was aided by Perestroika’s, a political movement within the Communist Party, opening up of market opportunities. In Leningrad, as much as ninety percent of the cooperatives produced by the liberal policies of Perestroika were...
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LJUBLJANA, 5TH MARCH 2013 1. PERFORM A SWOT ANALYSIS FOR KL. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. By definition, Strengths (S) and Weaknesses (W) are considered to be internal factors over which you have some measure of control. Also, by definition, Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) are considered to be external factors over which you have essentially no control. 2. FROM THE KL'S STANDPOINT, HOW WOULD YOU SEGMENT THE POTENTIAL MARKET FOR ANTI-VIRUS PRODUCTS? EVALUATE KL'S PERFORMANCES IN EACH OF THE SEGMENTS. Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers who have common needs and applications for the relevant goods and services. In relation to KL brand, their customer’s needs are similar, despite the country they live in. However, their behaviour can be different due to demographic reasons and therefore the brand should approach the consumers from different continents and countries differently, in order to not only meet their demand but also to know better each kind of customer. Its objective is Student’s name: Inês Joaquim, number 19562374 Teacher’s name: Gregor Pfajfar Page | 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LJUBLJANA, 5TH MARCH 2013 precisely match the expectations of customers to identify market niches. Despite almost every anti-virus products are similar to each other, by adopting this attitude, the company shows that they...
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...In order to be fair on the bonus distribution, the bonus should be distributed base on the percentage of the how much value employees contributed to the company. As employees in the company, they have the obligations to contribute an amount of value to the company, at lease worthy for the company paying their salary. The value of employees contributed to the company may include marketing sell, accounting and finance arrangement, managing coworker finished projects and so on. As a result, no matter what department the employees are in, or what position they have, they should have bonus as long as their contribution is greater than expectation. The bonus distribution system is most effective when base on how much value employees contributed to the company. Some may say everyone should have the same amount of bonus because they are all employees of the company and they are no different. So they have to have the same amount of bonus as long as the company is doing well, and which is the real fairness. It sounds fair if everyone get the same amount of bonus, but it is actually not fair for those who spend much time on their work and those who are able to get revenue and make profit for the company. If everyone get the same, why some of the employees should spend more time or do more work than others; it is not fair for them. However, those people who spend much time and able to get revenue for the company are people who drive the company stay in the market and get forward. If bonus...
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...Analysis “Drawing back the curtain” by Denis Healey This text was written by Denis Healey. He is a prolific journalist and broadcaster and a British Labour politician as well. “Drawing back the curtain” was taken from his autobiography “The Time of My Life” (1989). The author tells the reader about his impressions about Russia. He focuses on the difference of perception of Russia before and after visiting this country. He marked that earlier his generation was largely influenced by George Orwell’s 1984 that distorted the reality about the Soviet Union. But then his short visits to Russia cured him of any erratic illusions. This text belongs to the publicist style. This style has characteristic features of the style of scientific prose or official documents and that of emotive prose. On account of coherent and logical syntactic structure, an expanded system of connectives and careful paragraphing the publicist style is close to scientific prose. On the other hand, the use of words with emotive meaning, the use of imagery and other stylistic devices make this style close to emotive prose. Publicist texts carry pragmatic function. That means that the main aim of these texts is to convince the reader that the interpretation given by the writer is the only correct one. The author reached his aim not merely by logical argumentation, but by emotional appeal as well. As a rule, publicist texts are addressed to a broad audience and devoted to important...
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...Russia Timeline: X-XX Century 1. Late 10th C. – Vikings land of the Rus! 2. 1015-1036- Sviatapol, Boris, Glev 3. 1240-1480- Golden Horde rules, Iron I “Kalitas”, Ivan II * Ivan the II Home Work 4. 1480-1505- Ivan III Tzar? 5. 1505-1533- Vasily Ivanovich * The time of Juana La loca y Felipe “El Hermoso” * Ivanovich needed an heir to the throne and he sent his wife to a convent and got married to another woman * The highest leader of the orthodox church accused his deeds as an abomination and told him that this new marriage was a curse (his son will be born a monster) * Cuando nace el hijo nace con una anormalidad * “a monster has benn born with two teeth he will dovour our people and with one he will devour you” * Ivan Grosny 6. 1547-1584-Ivan Grosny (Ivan IV) rules at 16 years old * Grosny was given to him because it means “awesome”, (all inspiring) * If you stand beside him you will be disintegrated * “A flock needs a shepherd” * Was taken out of power because of his terrible deeds * When he was persuaded to come back into ruling Russia he told them that he would, but under his conditions * Worst failure: (failed to protect Russia) * Was so focused on his outer enemies that he didn’t see the Tzar Mongols invade Moscu (the Tzars ended up burning Moscu) * They prophesized that he was gonna die in a specific day and month (***and he did *** when he...
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...characterize everything against her beliefs. The movie illustrates Russia as harsh, unsympathetic and depressed, whilst showing France as magnificent and lovely. By falling for a man who stands against everything Ninotchka is thought to support, the movie also shows how much superior Western civilization is in comparison to the strict, dreadful conditions in Russia at the time. The humor in the movie derives from differences between life in the East and the West. Three incompetent Soviet envoys Buljanoff, Iranoff, and Kopalski arrive to Paris to complete a transaction of selling the confiscated jewelry on behalf of the Soviet government. They arrive from Moscow to Paris to sell jewelry belonging to their original owner, the grand duchess Swana, but the problem arises when they get blocked by her ‘’representative” Leon. Moscow pulls out their sleeve ace by sending the uncompromising comrade Nina Ivanovna "Ninotchka" Yakushova. At...
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...Qihui Zheng 01/28/2011 EH205 Essay 2 When and why did London grow so much faster than other early modern capitals? By examine the key differences among Paris, Madrid, and London, I argue that from1650 to1750, the reason why London boosted in terms of demographic expansion and market integrations is that -- instead of creating market disorder by demanding cheap supply of goods from other places, emphasizing social privileges and over consumptions, London attracted spontaneous business exchange in market among different groups of people. In section I, by doing a brief literature review on E. A. Wrigley, D. R. Ringrose and other important authors, we may have a basic understanding of the demand and supply market mechanism and its relationship with population, internal market and functions of capitals. In section II, we will analyze how the functions of capital, such as exercising political power to satisfy a particular interest, can affect the demand and supply of market and demographic composition. In section III, we study further how the functions of capital such as price determination can change the economic development of the capital itself and its surrounding industrial and agricultural areas. At the end, we should see that London did a better job integrating the urban-rural market during 1650-1750. Literature Review From 1650 to 1750, London grew much faster than other continental capital cities. There is little debate on the time as shown in table 1 and 2 below...
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...was inspired by the more developed nations in the west. He invited foreign experts from more industrialised countries like Britain, France and Germany to Russia to advise him on modernisation. He realised that he would have to have policies that would allow individual business people to start factories and encourage metalwork. His policies were successful, because industrial growth increased on average by 8% a year between 1890 and 1899, which was the highest growth rate of any of the world’s major economies. When Witte placed emphasis on industrialisation, it meant that jobs were created in towns and cities. Serfs came from rural areas in the hope of a better way of life, which led to urban areas quickly expanding. The populations of Moscow and St. Petersburg more than doubled between 1881 and 1910. A large textiles industry grew around...
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...Economic analysis Russia has the 9th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP (2097 billion USD) and the 6th largest by purchasing power parity. Since the end of Soviet Union in the early 90’s, Russia had developed a high-income economy with abundant natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas. The state has strengthen his dominance in the aerospace industry, mining, and oil and gas industries, but the budget remains heavily dependent on exports of natural resources, especially hydrocarbons which represents more than 16% of the national. Russia is also the 6th biggest producer of oil with Gazprom and finally the 2nd largest oil export of the world. As we can see on this map, actually oil and gas is brought from many part of the territory by pipeline and is routed in many countries of Europe and near East. According to the Us Energy Information Administration, in 2011 France imported more than 200 thousands barrels per day, and Germany about 700 hundreds of barrels per day, which represent one third of the German consumption in oil and gas. The independence of much European country into Russian gas and oil is one of the main strength of this new economy, it lead to an positive exchange balance and better and strong relationships as we know, with country like Germany, Netherlands and finally China. It is essential in order to analyze Russian economy, to understand that the labor force is not only based on industry force because this last sector represents 37...
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...How did the arts serve the Soviet State? The arts had had a different purpose throughout the era of the Soviet State. Nevertheless the Soviet State was wholly under the control of the Soviet System, which Stalin used as an ideology and as a tool to disseminate state polemics. The system was required to suppress the opposition and create social consciousness of an obedient Soviet person. However first it is important to mention that the Soviet State had officially been formed in 1922 and lasted until 1991. And thus the debate concerning the service that the arts had acted upon should start from 1922. The Soviet Art in the early 1920s was relatively pluralistic due to the fact that there were many different schools of thoughts present. There was the avant-garde art, which was considered bourgeois but could not be gotten rid of, due to the fact that the country was still in a state of anarchy. Artists like Salvatore Dali or Pablo Picasso were very popular among soviet artists. (need more info). There was a bigger freedom of expression during the twenties that the artists had not experienced later on. Indeed Anna Akhmatova, a famous Russian author and a poet had said once "To think that the best years of our lives were during the war, when so many people were being killed, when we were starving and my son was doing forced labour.” That patently signifies the extent of control that the artists were under. Moreover her very close friend Boris Pasternak confirmed the...
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...Part 1: Answer the questions below about Reagan's speech. Submit this part to your teacher for approval before proceeding to Part 2. 1. What is Reagan trying to persuade his audience to believe? Use the text to justify your answer. Reagan is talking to Russian students and stressing on the fact that freedom is the key to everything. I'm assuming he wants students in Moscow, and all over Russia to understand that once you have freedom, you can acheive anything. He said, "We are seeing the power of economic freedom spreading around the world. Places such as the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan have vaulted into the technological era, barely pausing in the industrial age along the way." I believe he stresses on this because Russia has a different government policy then America. Russia was under the...
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...Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was born in Stavropol, Stavropol Krai, USSR (Russia). He was born on March 2, 1931. He was born into a present family of a mixed Russian and Ukrainian family. His father was World War II veteran. He attended Moscow State University and graduated with a law degree in 1955. He would meet his future wife Raisa Titarenko whom he married in 1953. They had one daughter born in 1957. He joined the Communist party in 1950. Mikhail Gorbachev is still alive and is currently 83 years old. He was the only General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to be born after the October Revolution. The October Revolution was a culmination of The February Revolution, which overthrew the Tsar autocracy of Nicholas II. The October Revolution was the start of Russian Civil War, which was fought between White Russians (non-communist) led by Alexander Kerensky and the Reds (communists) led by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. The Russian Civil War lasted until 1922, which saw the formation of USSR with the signing of The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR on December 30, 1922. 2: Rise in The Communist Party...
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...14. Why the boyars were a barrier to building an absolute state in Moscow? What did Ivan do to that respect? The boyars were a group that acted as a break from the authority of the Grand Prince, who in this time period was Ivan. Not wanting anything to impede his power nor to stop his desire for absolute power, Ivan started to take away from the boyar’s resources. This attack was more subtle than direct but there could be no doubt to the motive of his actions. Ivan began to establish a new class of nobles, and allotted them estates that were conditional. 16. What was the Sudebnik? What was it used for? The Sudebnik was a new code of law that was established in 1497. This new code allowed for the death penalty to be used in the case of rebellion and anyone found enticing a rebellion. Additionally, this new code of law allowed peasants to leave their landlords and migrate to other places, however they could not leave before the harvest and needed to pay their landlords and exit fee for their departure. 17. In what way was Ivan III a great builder?...
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