...ZARA - zara owned by inditex; posted net income eur340m on revs eur3.250m in 2001 - inditex ipo may 2001; oversubscribed; stock increased by over 50% - 76% of equity value implied stock price was based on future growth expectations (higher than an estimated 69% for WMT) - global apparel chain; buyer driven global chain - branded marketers and manufacturers served as brokers in linking overseas factories with markets - production; very fragmented (individual apparel firms on avg employed a few dozen ppl) - about 30% of apparel production was exported (developing countries had very large share, nearly 50% of all exports)...cheaper labor + inputs - proximity also important bc it reduced shipping costs - china was export powerhouse but greater regionalization in 90s led turkey, north africa, eastern euro countries to be major suppliers to US - MFA (multi fiber arrangement) regulated apparel and textile industry (restricted imports of US, canada, west europe since 1974); agreement to phase out quota system by 2005 and further reduce tariffs (avg 7-9% in major markets) - cross border intermediation; trading co's played primary role in orchestrating physical flows of apparel btwn exporters and importers - retail; large retail played leading role in promoting QR (quick response); targeted at improving coordination between retailing and manufacturing (increase speed and flexibility of responses to market shifts) - QR led to significant compression of cycle times enabled by...
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...University of Sunderland The faculty of Business and Law _______________________________ Module Title: Marketing Management Module code: PGBM15 The market analysis of ZARA ______________________________________________ Student Name: Xia Tang Student Number:139151583 Tutor: Steve Storey Module Leader: Sudipta Das Word Count:4005 Date of submission: 16th June 2014 Contents Introduction of ZARA 1 1 Dynamics and trends within the marketing environment of ZARA. 1 1.1 Introduction of marketing environment 2 1.2 Macroenvironment-----PESTLE analysis of ZARA 2 1.3 Microenvironment analysis of ZARA 4 1.4 Poter’s three generic strategies on ZARA 4 1.5 SWOT analysis of ZARA 5 2 The importance of market research,marketing mix and service innovation for Zara 6 2.1 The importance of market research for ZARA 6 2.2 The importance of Marketing mix for ZARA 9 2.3 The importance of ZARA’S Service innovation 11 3 Marketing techniques for manager-decision 12 3.1 Segmentation ,targeting & positioning 12 3.2Marketing objectives and goals 14 3.3Marketing strategies and programmes 15 4 Conclusion and suggestions 17 References: 19 appendix…………………………...…………………..20 The market analysis of ZARA Introduction As one fashion brand of the Inditex Group, ZARA were founded in Spain in 1975, by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera. When its first store provide low-priced lookalike products of popular, higher-end clothing fashions, after...
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...1. What is innovative about Zara? What are the major differences in Zara’s supply chain when compared with that of M&S? Zara focuses on constant variety of product offerings to the public. Its goal is to always have new items available on its stores, with limited simultaneous SKU variation and very short shelf life. It focuses on young buyers, who are looking for inexpensive, yet fashionable, clothes. This segment has little concern about quality, but places high value on good looks and in-store experience. The major differences in Zara’s supply chain are: * Fewer SKUs (25.000, in 1986), with just 3 sizes and limited colors; * Optimized design process, with one “library” of styles and slight alterations to provide the sensation of new products to the public; * Allocated sourcing team on Beijing, reducing delays and negotiating quick-response production with suppliers; * Dramatically shorter lead times (365 days vs. 22-30 days); * Smaller inventory levels; * Go-to research on market trends and product acceptance (test shops); * Recent sales data can strongly influence most of the steps on the supply chain. 2. Why is it so difficult for M&S to start playing the “fashion” game? What do you think of the programs launched by Peter Salsbury in response to the troubles at M&S? M&S has great concern with the quality of its products. Placing 200 people on the technology sector of its buying team is a proof of that (these 200 employees have among its...
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...Shortening Lead-times To Create An Agile Supply Chain For Esprit Abstract Leaded by the fashion brands like ZARA and HM, fast fashion has risen to be the theme of current fashion industry, their emergence has a deep, profound impact on conventional apparel industries. Under the pressure of the trend, Esprit is one of the victims of traditional fashion brands. This paper focuses on the current problem that Esprit is faced with, presents three possible solutions which are designing new products following fashion shows, establishing smaller-scale operational mode and using quick response strategy, in order to create an agile supply chain for Esprit by the means of shortening three critical lead times: time-to-market, time-to-serve and time-to-react. 1. Introduction The last decade has witnessed a significant transformation that fast fashion has become a key feature in current fashion industry. Although it was regarded as a niche concept offered by a few winners such as Zara and H&M, fast fashion has now been adopted as a key operation mode by many brands in the fashion market (Baker, 2008), using advanced and more efficient supply chains to be more responsive to changing trends towards customer demand. Hence, Fast fashion brands perform relatively better than other fashion brands in various aspects. (Mattila et al. 2002: 340 – 351) Esprit is a fashion brand owned by Esprit Holding Ltd., manufacturing apparel, accessories, footwear and housewares under the...
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...products and new competitors rise seemingly overnight, that truly sustainable advantage might seem like impossibility, but there are winners and the Zara chain is one of them. The Zara fashion chain, founded in 1975 in Arteixo, is perhaps the world's most successful clothing chain. Zara has helped its parent, the Spanish firm Inditex, grow from obscurity in the mid. 90’s to the world's third largest pure-play fashion retailer after the Swedish H&M and US-based Gap Inc. with financial performance well ahead of these rivals. With 1021 shops, at 13.04.2007, in 55 countries, Zara appears to have found the formula for success: Give the public what it wants, at the lowest possible price, in the shortest time possible. In order to think about how the firms achieve sustainable advantage, it's useful to start with two concepts defined by Michael Porter: operational effectiveness and strategic positioning. (I) OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS According to Porter, the reason so many firms suffer aggressive, margin eroding competition, is because they've defined themselves according to operational effectiveness rather than strategic positioning. Operational effectiveness refers to performing the same tasks better than rivals perform them. Everyone wants to be better, but the danger in operational effectiveness is in "sameness". At its heart Zara is building on a vertically integrated demand and supply chain, while most other textile chains rely on outsourcing and cheap labor in China. It enables...
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...Zara vs. GAP Inc. American GAP and Spanish ZARA Abstract We are going to compare two super giant clothing retail companies of the world in this thesis. These two giants are dominating apparel retailing market nowadays with their simple and attractive with high level quality of clothes. We will try two analyze working culture, business performance and history, competition and geographic dominance of two clothing retailer giants. Years before two small stores opened and they succeed to dominate market with their modern style and different business doing. • Zara has already changed the fashion industry. - Business Insider Zara is most #58 biggest brand in the world according to Forbes. • America's largest apparel retailer is embarking on a turnaround plan to recapture cool customers. - Business Insider Gap inc is #745 Gap biggest brand in the worlds according to Forbes Zara shops followed swiftly in New York in 1989, Paris in 1990. Now the group has nearly 3,900 stores in 70 countries around the world. Gap has 3,100 stores globally and employs about 150,000 people. A Gap spokeswoman declined to comment on the loss of the top spot to Zara. Let's check analyses of these two giants with full provided information. Firstly take brief tour to their history and about founders. Brief History of Brands Fashion giant, Zara, forms part of the retail group ‘Grupo Inditex’ which Mintel (2007) acknowledges as one of the “largest, fastest growing...
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...its internationalisation objectives in the present-day context? 2. Write a brief overview of the organisation and its mission/objectives related to international business(maximum 500 words for this section) . Brief overview of Zara >>>> International business refers to a broad spectrum of business activities undertaken across national borders.This essay will discuss the international business and internationalisation objectives of Zara in the contemporary context with focus on the business done in the USA. The 1975 established, Spanish based, fashion retailer is a subsidiary of the parent company Inditex. Zara operated in 87 countries by 2014, having 45 stores in United States alone(http://www.inditex.com/en/our_group/international_presence). Zara’s Mission/objectives >>>> (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Zara_mission_and_vision?#slide=1). Continuous design, production and distribution is Zara’s objective with a quick turnover maintained through updating stock twice a week (http://www.slideshare.net/shaheen1934/zara-the-inditex-group). The rapid turnover of new inventory allows Zara’s consumers to have access to the most trendy fashion available within the shortest time, this is one of the factors that distinguishes Zara apart from other fashion retailers (http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/2003/6/Internationalisation%20of%20Zara.pdf). Zara’s Business Model >>>> In order to better understand Zara’s international business it is beneficial to examine...
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...Enhancing Competitiveness: Moving from Supply Chain to Demand Chain Management Dr. Pankaj M. Madhani Introduction Supply chain involves all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods as well as the related information flows from the raw material stage, through to the end user. Supply chain is defined as the integration of key business processes from customers through original suppliers that provide products, services, and information that adds value for end users and other stakeholders. Here, a supply chain includes all the value chain processes from suppliers to end customers. As such supply chain comprises all the supply processes necessary to fulfill customer demand and is managed within supply chain management (SCM). SCM can be defined as “the management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers in order to create enhanced value in the final market place at less cost to the supply chain as a whole” (Christopher, 1998). Hence, SCM refers to all of the processes, technologies, and strategies that together form the basis for working with internal as well as external sources of supply. As SCM focuses on the efficient matching of supply with demand it does not help the firm to find out what the customer perceives as valuable, and how this customer-perceived value can be translated into customer value propositions. Hence, supply chain efficiency by itself will not increase customer value and satisfaction as firms...
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...production-oriented strategy lead M&S to gain immense market share and strong brand loyalty however, this could only take them so far. In a market place where retailers were moving to a more consumer-oriented strategy, M&S struggled. Unable to provide fashion conscious clothing that the younger consumers desired, it lost significant market share and became known only for its good underwear and clothing targeted at older conservative women (Flynn, 1998). Today the company is trying to vigorously recapture their market by being more consumer-oriented and aware of their competition. They are taking measures to understand and listen to what their customers want and also to realize that the customer has evolved from when they started out in the industry. They have put in place several new strategies to appeal to the new consumer. From campaigns with noted celebrities, to striving to be the world’s first GREEN retailer, supplying fair trade products and being the conscious Corporate Social Responsible Company (Corporate.Marks and Spencer, 2011). M&S was recently ranked 5th in the top 10 UK retailers for 2010-2011 (Retail week, 2011) and acknowledged as a “top family brand” for 2011 by ad agency Isobel and Yougov (Baker & Costa, 2011). This is an exciting time for the M&S marketing team as they strive to appeal to new segments while ensuring that they do not alienate their current base of loyal customers. As this report will show, the current core M&S consumers are affluent...
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...Zara Case: Fast Fashion from Savvy Systems a gallaugher.com case provided free to faculty & students for non-commercial use © Copyright 1997-2008, John M. Gallaugher, Ph.D. – for more info see: http://www.gallaugher.com/chapters Last modified: Sept. 13, 2008 Note: this is an earlier version of the case. All cases updated after July 2009 are now hosted (and still free) at http://www.flatworldknowledge.com. For details see the ‘Courseware’ section of http://gallaugher.com INTRODUCTION The poor, ship-building town of La Coruña in northern Spain seems an unlikely home to a techcharged innovator in the decidedly ungeeky fashion industry, but that’s where you’ll find “The Cube”, the gleaming, futuristic central command of the Inditex Corporation (Industrias de Diseno Textil), parent of game-changing clothes giant, Zara. The blend of technology-enabled strategy that Zara has unleashed seems to break all of the rules in the fashion industry. The firm shuns advertising, rarely runs sales, and in an industry where nearly every major player outsources manufacturing to low-cost countries, Zara is highly vertically integrated, keeping huge swaths of its production process in-house. These counterintuitive moves are part of a recipe for success that’s beating the pants off the competition, and it has turned the founder of Inditex, Amancio Ortega, into Spain’s wealthiest man and the world’s richest fashion executive. Zara’s operations are concentrated in La Coruña and Zaragoza, Spain...
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...9-703-497 REV: DECEMBER 21, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JOSÉ LUIS NUENO ZARA: Fast Fashion Fashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation. . . . The more an article becomes subject to rapid changes of fashion, the greater the demand for cheap products of its kind. — Georg Simmel, “Fashion” (1904) Inditex (Industria de Diseño Textil) of Spain, the owner of Zara and five other apparel retailing chains, continued a trajectory of rapid, profitable growth by posting net income of € 340 million on € revenues of € 3,250 million in its fiscal year 2001 (ending January 31, 2002). Inditex had had a heavily € oversubscribed Initial Public Offering in May 2001. Over the next 12 months, its stock price increased by nearly 50%—despite bearish stock market conditions—to push its market valuation to € 13.4 € billion. The high stock price made Inditex’s founder, Amancio Ortega, who had begun to work in the apparel trade as an errand boy half a century earlier, Spain’s richest man. However, it also implied a significant growth challenge. Based on one set of calculations, for example, 76% of the equity value implicit in Inditex’s stock price was based on expectations of future growth—higher than an estimated 69% for Wal-Mart or, for that matter, other high-performing retailers.1 The next section of this case briefly describes the structure of the global apparel chain, from producers to final customers. The section that follows profiles three of Inditex’s...
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...9-703-497 REV: DECEMBER 21, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JOSÉ LUIS NUENO ZARA: Fast Fashion Fashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation. . . . The more an article becomes subject to rapid changes of fashion, the greater the demand for cheap products of its kind. — Georg Simmel, “Fashion” (1904) Inditex (Industria de Diseño Textil) of Spain, the owner of Zara and five other apparel retailing chains, continued a trajectory of rapid, profitable growth by posting net income of € 340 million on € revenues of € 3,250 million in its fiscal year 2001 (ending January 31, 2002). Inditex had had a heavily € oversubscribed Initial Public Offering in May 2001. Over the next 12 months, its stock price increased by nearly 50%—despite bearish stock market conditions—to push its market valuation to € 13.4 € billion. The high stock price made Inditex’s founder, Amancio Ortega, who had begun to work in the apparel trade as an errand boy half a century earlier, Spain’s richest man. However, it also implied a significant growth challenge. Based on one set of calculations, for example, 76% of the equity value implicit in Inditex’s stock price was based on expectations of future growth—higher than an estimated 69% for Wal-Mart or, for that matter, other high-performing retailers.1 The next section of this case briefly describes the structure of the global apparel chain, from producers to final customers. The section that follows profiles three of Inditex’s...
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...Sulistianingtyas (439376) Janosch Kluen (358959) Brand: ZARA Date: 29/09/2015 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. An ideal Brand Concept Map 3 3. Methodology 5 3.1 Consistency of interview and Sample analysis 5 3.2 Procedure 7 4. Brand Management Plan 10 4.1 Actual versus Ideal Brand Map 10 4.2 Concluding recommendations 11 References 12 Appendices 14 Appendix A 14 Appendix B 14 Appendix C 15 Appendix D 25 1. Introduction As one of the largest clothing retailers in the world, Zara underwent immense growth over the past decades. It was founded in 1975 in Arteixo, Spain, by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera. After a humble yet successful start, the founders soon found potential to optimise operations and decrease lead-times for their collections. The vertical integration of the supply chain gave Zara the opportunity to have new pieces in store in a matter of two weeks. This model is what made Zara grow over the years and what has made it a serious competitor in the current fashion retailing industry. Currently, Zara is part of the Inditex group and operates more than 2.000 stores all over the world. It has subsequent online outlets in most countries it operates in. In terms of sales, Zara managed to grow 8% to $19,7 billion. $0,5 billion shy of their closest competitor, and industry leader, H&M. Yet, an impressive $3 billion more than the next most successful fashion...
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...GAC012 Assessment Event 2: Project-Written Report Recommending a Marketing Mix for a Product/Service Student’s Name: Kevin Student ID #: QING21228 Teacher: Ben Charlton Due Date: 17 September 2012 Word Count: 1897 Table of Contents Executive summary: 1 Introduction: 1 Methods: 3 Finding: 3 Discussion: 5 Conclusions and Recommendations: 6 References: 8 Appendices: 9 Executive summary: This report will contribute to recommend two different market mixes for Versace which include produce a new line for young child and provide free-clean service, and by collected data, the report will get a conclusion which market mix is better. The questionnaire will is used to collect data from people age between 35 at 55. Then the collected data will be analyzed if parents willing to buy expensive clothes for their young child and if free-clean service can attract more customers. The result of analyzing collected data shows that parents don’t want to buy expensive clothes for their children and it will be attractive if each Versace Store provides free-clean service. The report find even though Versace young can create a new field for Versace, but it not deserve the cost of money. So providing free-clean service is more suitable for Versace. Introduction: 1.1 Objectives of the research: In this research, the main point is to find if parents would like to buy expensive baby cloths to...
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...9-703-497 REV: DECEMBER 21, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JOSÉ LUIS NUENO ZARA: Fast Fashion Fashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation. . . . The more an article becomes subject to rapid changes of fashion, the greater the demand for cheap products of its kind. — Georg Simmel, “Fashion” (1904) Inditex (Industria de Diseño Textil) of Spain, the owner of Zara and five other apparel retailing chains, continued a trajectory of rapid, profitable growth by posting net income of € 340 million on € revenues of € 3,250 million in its fiscal year 2001 (ending January 31, 2002). Inditex had had a heavily € oversubscribed Initial Public Offering in May 2001. Over the next 12 months, its stock price increased by nearly 50%—despite bearish stock market conditions—to push its market valuation to € 13.4 € billion. The high stock price made Inditex’s founder, Amancio Ortega, who had begun to work in the apparel trade as an errand boy half a century earlier, Spain’s richest man. However, it also implied a significant growth challenge. Based on one set of calculations, for example, 76% of the equity value implicit in Inditex’s stock price was based on expectations of future growth—higher than an estimated 69% for Wal-Mart or, for that matter, other high-performing retailers.1 The next section of this case briefly describes the structure of the global apparel chain, from producers to final customers. The section that follows profiles three of Inditex’s...
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