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Marketing Dcost

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I. Pendahuluan

D'Cost adalah suatu merek dagang waralaba yang bermarkas di Jakarta, Indonesia. Restoran seafood ini dikenal karena mottonya yang disebut mutu bintang lima, harga kaki lima. Di tempat ini konsumen dapat membandingkan persamaan antara belanja dan masak sendiri dirumah dengan segala kerepotannya dan pengeluaran makan di D' Cost akan lebih murah.
Sejak berdiri di tahun 2006, D’Cost berhasil memiliki 52 outlet hingga saat ini, yang hampir tersebar di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia. Dimulai dari daerah Kemang, Jakarta, kemudian menyebar ke berbagai lokasi strategis di Jakarta seperti Kelapa Gading, Puri Indah, Bekasi, Cibubur, Cikokol, Depok dan BSD. Di kota-kota besar Indonesia, D'Cost juga membuka gerai di Bandung, Surabaya, Solo, Bali, Banjarmasin, Pekanbaru maupun Makassar.
D’Cost melakukan transformasi restoran seafood di mata konsumen bahwa makan seafood yang terjamin kualitasnya (higienitas) tidak harus mahal. Proses transformasi ini dapat terlihat pada konsep dan strategi marketing D’Cost yang dinilai unik dan berbeda dengan restoran seafood pada umumnya, antara lain : 1. Harga murah 2. Kualitas produk (makanan baik) - higienitas 3. Layanan yang prima didukung oleh teknologi informasi terkini 4. Tempat yang bersih dan nyaman 5. Terobosan dalam strategi marketing yang menarik, seperti paket makan sepuasnya, diskon sesuai umur, hingga yang terbaru hamil baru bayar1

Dalam membangun brand, D’Cost lebih menggunakan strategi word of mouth, dan relatif berhasil karena melalui promosi yang menarik. Salah satu contoh promosinya yaitu “Up to You Price”. Promosi ini biasa dilakukan setiap mereka membuka cabang baru. Pembeli diminta menghitung sendiri berapa total biaya yang mereka mau bayar (tidak ada batasan minimal harga). Hal ini terbukti efektif dimana D’Cost pernah berhasil menarik 30.000 pengunjung sehari.

Gambar 1. Suasana Restoran D’Cost(Sumber :http://www.dcostseafood.com/UPTOYOU.asp) | | II. Konsep/Metode

Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisa perilaku konsumen pada studi kasus ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan perilaku konsumen, dengan mempelajari teknik dan strategi marketing D’Cost dalam mempengaruhi konsumen dengan segera untuk menjadi pelanggan dan mempengaruhi pelanggan untuk membeli lebih banyak.

Untuk mempelajari perilaku konsumen, dapat dianalisa dari urutan (sequence) dari perilaku konsumen yang secara umum terjadi. Melalui perspektif ini, diharapkan seorang marketer dapat mengetahui secara tepat, kebiasaan atau perilaku konsumen dalam membeli atau menggunakan produk. Berikut ini adalah contoh (model) urutan perilaku yang terjadi di bisnis retail.

Gambar 2. A Common Behavour for Retail Store Consumer Goods Purchase

Dengan mengetahui urutan-urutan perilaku konsumen tersebut, marketer diharapkan mampu membuat strategi pemasaran yang tepat, seperti pada contoh model diatas, misalnya pada urutan store contact dan product contact, bagaimana menawarkan produk di outlet yang tepat, dan posisi yang tepat dalam meletakkan produk di outlet tersebut. Strategi marketing diharapkan dapat mengubah perilaku konsumen dengan mengubah salah satu atau beberapa aspek dari segi lingkungan.

Proses perubahan perilaku konsumen sendiri dapat terjadi melalui 3 proses, yaitu 1. Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning, proses perubahan perilaku yang dipicu karena adanya stimulus yang dipaparkan secara berulang kali sehingga masuk dalam area bawah sadar konsumen. Contoh: jingle (theme song), event dan lain-lain.

2. Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning, proses mengubah kemungkinan perilaku yang dipancarkan dengan mengubah konsekuensi dari perilaku.

3. Vicarous Learning
Vicarious learning, proses seseorang mengubah perilaku mereka karena mereka mengamati tindakan orang lain.

Gambar 3. Proses Perubahan Perilaku

Selanjutnya, kita membahas bagaimana cara-cara promosi yang mampu mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen, meliputi : a. Sales Promotion, sebuah metode pemasaran yang terfokus pada event-event promo yang tujuannya adalah untuk memiliki dampak langsung pada perilaku pelanggan perusahaan. Promosi dirancang untuk mempengaruhi empat aspek perilaku : * Purchase Probability, promosi dirancang untuk meningkatkan kemungkinan bahwa konsumen akan membeli merek tertentu atau kombinasi beberapa produk. * Purchase Quantity, promosi dirancang untuk mempengaruhi jumlah atau ukuran dari unit produk yang dibeli. * Purchase Timing, promosi dirancang untuk mempengaruhi waktu pembelian produk dari konsumen. * Purchase Location, promosi dirancang untuk mempengaruhi lokasi pembelian produk oleh konsumen sesuai dengan promo yang berlaku.

b. Social Marketing, tujuan akhir dari metode ini adalah mendapatkan target konsumen secara luas. Hal ini berhubungan dalam mempengaruhi dan merubah perilaku konsumen. * Meningkatkan perilaku konsumen yang diinginkan dan, * Mengurangi perilaku konsumen yang tidak diinginkan

III. Analisa Konsumen

Dalam menganalisa restoran D’Cost ini dimulai dengan menggunakan metode “A Common Behavior Sequence” dari tujuh kategori atas rantai perilaku konsumen :

Gambar 4. Perilaku Umum Konsumen D’Cost

Dengan mengetahui urutan perilaku umum konsumen, strategi marketing yang dapat diterapkan. Contohnya pada store contact , product contact dan transaction. Hal ini dilakukan melalui kejelasan menu yang ada (jenis dan harga), tatanan dekorasi ruangan dan layanan yang ramah dalam menyajikan makanan di outlet tersebut. Dalam hal ini strategi marketing dapat mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dengan mengubah salah satu atau beberapa aspek dari segi lingkungan.

Proses perubahan perilaku konsumen sendiri terjadi melalui 3 proses, yang dapat dijelaskan melalui gambar di bawah ini :

Gambar 5. Proses Perubahan Perilaku Yang Dilakukan D’cost
Promosi-promosi yang dilakukan oleh D’cost dapat dianalisa menjadi 2 bagian, yakni: a. Sales Promotion, dapat dilihat bahwa D’Cost telah menjalankan strategi ini dengan promo-promo mereka. * Purchase Probability, berbagai promo yang ditawarkan D’Cost mampu menarik minat konsumen untuk datang dan menyantap makanan seafood yang * Purchase Quantity, * Purchase Timing, hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa promo-promo yang ditawarkan oleh D’Cost berlaku di saat/hari tertentu. * Purchase Location, promo-promo yang ditawarkan D’Cost berbeda di tiap lokasi yang telah ditentukan.

b. Social Marketing,
Sedangkan untuk sosial marketingnya sendiri, dari analisa data yang ada tidak dapat ditemukan adanya usaha dari marketer D’cost yang nampak.

IV. Rekomendasi

Adapun rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan oleh kelompok kami adalah :

1. Dari analisa yang didapat sangat jelas bahwa D’cost tidak menciptakan pengkondisian untuk merubah perilaku konsumen melalui pendekatan Vicarious Learning maupun Operant Conditioning. Marketer dari D’cost disarankan untuk melakukan pendekatan melalui 2 (dua) konsep ini : a. Melalui pendekatan Vicarious Learning, dengan menggunakan seorang sosok (chef, kritikus makanan maupun artis yang sesuai dengan konsep D’Cost) yang banyak dikenal masyarakat pada iklan media cetak, web atau media promosi lainnya. Pada iklan tersebut kita ciptakan sosok tersebut mendapatkan “positive consequence” sehingga meningkatkan keinginan konsumen untuk datang ke D’Cost b. Melalui pendekatan Operant Conditioning, dengan memberikan “penghargaan” kepada konsumen berupa voucher-voucher diskon untuk pembelian selanjutnya atau bisa juga dengan memberikan beberapa menu free (seperti free appetizer).

2. Untuk promosinya pun perlu juga untuk dilakukan melalui aspek Social Marketing, jadi tidak hanya melalui aspek Sales promotion saja. Hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan antara lain : a. Memberikan “pengalaman” konsumen dapat melihat secara langsung dan memilih sendiri bahan-bahan makanannya sebelum dimasak. Karena padaumumnya konsumen makanan seafood pada umumnya lebih senang apabila makanan yang disajikan berasal dari bahan yang 100% segar, sehingga akan lebih baik jika ada display ikan hidup (dalam aquarium), dan proses memilih bahan itu sendiri.

V. Key Learning

Hal-hal yang dapat dipelajari mengenai pembahasan studi kasus kali ini adalah : a. Marketers harus dapat mengembangkan tujuh kategori atas rantai perilaku konsumen untuk digunakan dalam menganalisis dan meningkatkan respon konsumen. b. Kita dapat meneliti bagaimana marketers menggunakan “Classic Conditioning” untuk menciptakan pengaruh yang menguntungkan dan meningkatkan kesempatan bahwa konsumen akan melakukan perilaku yang diinginkan. c. Mempelajari mengenai rangsangan yang diskriminatif. d. Meneliti bagaimana konsekuensi dari perilaku tersebut diatur baik itu menambah atau mengurangi perilaku di masa depan. e. Penggunaan umum dari pengkondisian dan proses pemodelan dalam mengembangkan strategi pemasaran untuk mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen.

--------------------------------------------
[ 1 ]. http://www.dcostseafood.com
[ 2 ]. Manopol, Yuyun & Banirestu, Herning, “D’Cost Melesat Berkat Harga Murah dan Layanan Cepat”, 03/XXVII/2, Swa, Februari 2011
[ 3 ]. Peter, J. Paul, Jerry, C. Olsen, “Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy”, 9th edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 2010

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