...Project Purpose This is a comprehensive project that you will work on throughout the course. You will work in groups to solve a problem using the theories, formulas, and concepts from this class. Course Objectives Execute problem-solving actions appropriate to completing a variety of case study assignments. Apply critical reading to identify the meaning of information in a problem statement. Apply analytical and logical thinking to extract facts from a problem description and determine how they relate to one another and to the problem(s) to be solved. Provide symbolic, verbal, and graphical interpretations of statements in a problem description. Apply analytical tools for evaluating the causes and potential implications of a problem. Generate potential solutions to a problem and determine the best course of action with regard to effectiveness, efficiency, and mitigation of risks. Design methodology for implementing problem solution(s). Develop tools for evaluating implementation of problem solution. Required Resources Textbook ITT Tech Virtual Library Project Logistics Select ONE of the following three projects: A, B, or C. You may work individually or in a group. Because of the workload, working in groups is recommended. Working as an individual on this project is discouraged. Project Deliverables Four written reports Final report Project presentation (Unit 10) Each written report must have the following items: APA formatting, double-spaced...
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...Mars: The New Frontier ITT Technical Institute In 2023 an organization called Mars One plans to have a human settlement established on Mars. According to Mars One (2012), every two years after that they will send a new crew to join the settlement. Further, Mars One states, “The crew will emigrate to Mars. They will spend the rest of their lives living and working on Mars. While sustaining life on Mars isn’t trivial, it is much easier and safer than bringing the crew back to Earth” (para. 2), due to not having the resources needed at this time to bring them back safely. Mars One (2012) “will provide the first and subsequent water, food, and oxygen by mining sources from Mars’ soil and atmosphere” (para. 2). These people volunteering for this mission are making one of the biggest sacrifices possible for advancement in knowledge and science. Mars One (2012) stated, “All components required to complete the mission can currently be built by existing suppliers” (para.3). Mars One estimates the cost to send the first four people to be at six billion US dollars. That cost is for hardware combined, plus the operational expenditures, plus margins. For every next mission Mars One estimates the cost at four billion US dollars. Mars One (2012) “To finance this mission Mars One will create an international media event around the project. They will share their experiences as they build their new homes, conduct experiments, and explore. The mission itself will provide scientific and social...
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...The Mission to Mars Project Signature Assignment Submitted to: Dr. Archer 06/28/2013 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe what the Mission to Mars Project and understand how they plan on surviving accordingly and what they plan to accomplish. The Mission to Mars project is a huge exploration venture for man-kind and can possibly cause a paradigm shift in our world as we know it today. I will describe the Mission exactly as it planned and many flaws that come with their plans. NASA has been defunded so this mission has been privatized by a nonprofit organization (Mission One). Mission One is seeking individuals to volunteer for their mission to Mars. The individuals they choose for the mission will have to expect to live on Mars and colonize the red planet. Most of their plans are just theory and I will research more of their plans like growing vegetation, using solar power, and survival. Introduction to “The Mission to Mars” Project Many great men and women have been able to experience the glory beyond our atmosphere. Retired NASA astronaut, Frank Borman, was one of those great men. Borman was one of the first 24 individuals to fly around the moon. Borman is a modern explorer, beyond the constraints of the seas, or land, Borman was able to reach new heights. This great explorer once said, “Exploration really is the essence of the human spirit, and to pause, to falter, to turn our back...
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...1. Theme – Understanding the environment of Mars Abstract Recent success of 'Mangalyan' (Mars Orbitor Mission) has made all of us proud of our scientists and engineers. The study of Mars' environment will help us in understanding more about our own environment. This text gives inputs on environment of Mars which can be correlated to the concepts learned by the students in class IX Science. The students are not supposed to memorize the facts and figures mentioned in the text, rather study the facts and figures with the above objectives in mind. Fig. 1: Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft getting in to Large Space Simulation Chamber for Testing Mars Orbiter Mission (M.O.M) Mars tugs at the human imagination like no other planet. The conditions in Mars are believed to be hospitable since the planet is similar to earth in many ways. Mars and Earth have almost equal period of revolution around the axis. Mars takes 24 hours and 37 minutes to complete equal period of revolution around the axis. While Earth takes approximately 365 days to orbit round the Sun, Mars takes 687 days for an orbit around the Sun. The gravity of Mars is roughly one-third to Earth’s gravity and it has a thin atmosphere with a pressure of 1% that of Earth. The atmosphere, water, ice and geology interact with each other to produce dynamic Martian environment as in Earth. Mars has surface features reminiscent of both the impact craters of the Moon, volcanoes, deserts and 1 polar ice of Earth. It inspires...
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...In the late 20th century, we began to explore Mars. These studies were not conducted through a telescope, but the much more advanced technology of interplanetary probes. In 1964, lead by multiple prior failures, two unmanned missions to Mars, the Mariner 3 and 4, were launched. The Mariner 3, was a battery-powered spacecraft designed to make scientific measurements of, and to obtain photographs of the planet's surface and transmit these to Earth. The mission was predicted to last about 8 months. Unfortunately, as the probe was launched, its atmospheric shield had failed to eject, leaving all of the sensors and instruments covered. This also left unnecessary weight with the probe, not allowing it to achieve its target trajectory. Three weeks later, the second probe, Mariner 4 was launched on its eight-month voyage to Mars. Unlike the first mission this one was successful, completing the very first flyby of Mars in history, and changing...
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...The topic of Mars has long been of interest to astronomers and science fiction enthusiast alike. The premise of another planet supporting life excites people like no other. In 2004, The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, began preliminary science experiments and instrument proposals for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and a robotic space probe mission to Mars. After long testing and development stages, the mission birthed a rover, Curiosity, which was launched in November 2011 and subsequently landed August 6th 2012. As we speak Curiosity is collecting invaluable data for our understanding of mars including: habitability, climate and geology, and possibly setting up a manned mission to mars in the future. The possibilities that this new information can bring are the main reason that scientist and nonscientists alike are so excited for this pivotal mission. The Curiosity project began development in 2004. Astronomers and engineers worldwide entered their instrument proposals to NASA so they could hopefully be a part of the final mission. These components were sifted thoroughly and select components were developed for four years. By 2008, they were mostly finished with the hardware and software developments and they carried on testing. This extensive testing delayed liftoff, which was originally slated for September 2009, until November 2011. NASA then administered a poll on their website to decide the name of the rover, with Curiosity ultimately...
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...Lab 11 Assignment Part 1: Exploring the Moon I- How many Apollo missions were there and what years did they take place? 1. Apollo 1 on January 27, 1967 2. Apollo 7 on October 11, 1968 3. Apollo 8 on December 21, 1968 4. Apollo 9 on March 3, 1969 5. Apollo 10 on May 18, 1969 6. Apollo 11 on July 16, 1969 7. Apollo 12 on November 14, 1969 8. Apollo 13 on April 11, 1970 9. Apollo 14 on January 31, 1971 10. Apollo 15 on July 26, 1971 11. Apollo 16 on April 16, 1972 12. Apollo 17 on December 7, 1972 Apollo 2 and 3 (these were no craft named) Apollo 4 (Also called AS-501) on November 9, 1967. Apollo 5 (also called AS-204) on January 22, 1968. Apollo 6 (Also called AS-502) on April 4, 1968. There were 17 in total. II- How many of the missions orbited the Moon and how many landed? Which ones? * Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 orbited the Moon and returned. * Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and Apollo 17 landed on the Moon. A total of 6. III- Unfortunately, there was an accident early on. Which mission was it? The mission that suffered a tragic accident was Apollo 1. Part 2: Venus I- How many Venera Missions (Russian) were there? Over what time period did these missions occur? Did any of the crafts actually land on the surface? What happened? * Venera 1 in 1961 - Venera 8 in 1972 * Venera 2 and 3 in 1965 - Venera 9 and 10 in 1975 * Venera 4 in 1967 - Venera 11 and 12 in 1978 ...
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...far from complete (see below for more details). Much of the following was adapted from the sci.space FAQ. Past Missions Luna 2 impact on the surface of the Moon 1959 (USSR) Luna 3 first photos of the far side of the Moon 1959 (USSR) Mariner 2 the first successful probe to flyby Venus in December of 1962, and it returned information which confirmed that Venus is a very hot (800 degrees Fahrenheit, now revised to 900 degrees F.) world with a cloud-covered atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide. (more info from NASA Spacelink) Mariner 3 launched on November 5, 1964, was lost when its protective shroud failed to eject as the craft was placed into interplanetary space. Unable to collect the Sun's energy for power from its solar panels, the probe soon died when its batteries ran out and is now in solar orbit. It was intended for a Mars flyby with Mariner 4. Mariner 4 the sister probe to Mariner 3, did reach Mars in 1965 and took the first close-up images of the Martian surface (22 in all) as it flew by the planet. The probe found a cratered world with an atmosphere much thinner than previously thought. Many scientists concluded from this preliminary scan that Mars was a "dead" world in both the geological and biological sense. Mariner 9 Mariner 9, the sister probe to Mariner 8 which failed on launch, became the first craft to orbit Mars in 1971. It returned information on the Red Planet that no other probe had done before, revealing huge volcanoes...
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...Tim Jones Rita Kiry Composition 6/23/2015 Race to Mars The race to Mars has many competitors and is a long way from being a reality, but there are many technological advancements being made to get to Mars. The list of companies range from large known aerospace companies to small aerospace companies that have been around for only a short time to nonprofit companies that only want to manage the trip. Even though there is many companies striving to be the first to put a man on mars. They all will have the same hurdles to jump and space to travel through to get there. Mars has always been a wonderment to mankind. Human eyes have looked in its direction since nearly the 17th century, but it wasn’t till 1965 that a satellite was close enough to get decent pictures of its surface. The only thing those pictures did was raise more questions than answers (Lockheed Martin). The only thing left to do was to put something or someone on its surface. Lockheed Martin built the first orbiter that took pictures as well as the first two landers to touch the surface of Mars. Lockheed participated in the Mars Odyssey mission by building the orbiter in which the mission was named. The Odyssey later became the main means of communication for NASA to the rovers on the surface of Mars. Lockheed has no plans to quit being in the cutting edge of sending satellites to Mars. NASA started the race to Mars with the launch of Mariner 3 on November 5, 196 which was the first flyby spacecraft...
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...1. Why has NASA sent recent orbiters to Mars (such as Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) on trajectories that required them to skim through Mars's atmosphere before settling into their final orbits? | | It saves money because the spacecraft uses atmospheric drag to slow down rather than needing to carry enough fuel to slow by firing rocket engines. | | | Each spacecraft also carried a lander, and the lander could only be dropped to the Martian surface when the spacecraft passed through the atmosphere. | | | It allowed the spacecraft to collect samples of the atmospheric gas for return to Earth. | | | It allowed the orbiters to get higher resolution pictures of the surface as it came close when skimming through the atmosphere. | 2 points QUESTION 2 1. Why was it advantageous for the Voyager mission to consist of flybys rather than orbiters? | | It was easier for data to be radioed back to Earth with flybys than orbiters. | | | Each individual spacecraft was able to visit more than one planet. | | | Spacecraft making flybys can return to Earth more quickly than orbiters. | | | Flyby spacecraft can get closer to a planet than an orbiting spacecraft. | 2 points QUESTION 3 1. Which of the following statements about the recently-discovered object Eris is not true? | | It orbits the Sun in the same direction as the other planets. | | | It lies well beyond Pluto and Neptune. | | | It is thought to be the first example...
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...ar Mars By: Amanda Baker The discovery of Mars is not credited to a single individual, but rather a multitude of astronomers and observers that range from the early Egyptians to the Babylonians, Greeks, and Danish. In the earliest days of Mars observation, all that was known about it was that it appeared to be a fiery red and followed a strange loop in the sky, unlike any other. “The Babylonians studied astronomy as early as 400 BC, and developed advanced methods for predicting astronomical events such as eclipses. They made careful observations for their calendars and religious reasons, but never attempted to explain the phenomena they witnessed. The Babylonians called Mars Nergal - the great hero, the king of conflicts. The Egyptians were the first to notice that the stars seem "fixed" and that the sun moves relative to the stars. They also noticed five bight objects in the sky (Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn) that seemed to move in a similar manner. They called Mars Har Decher - the Red One. Greeks called the planet Ares after their god of war, while the Romans called it Mars. Its sign is thought to be the shield and sword of Mars” (NASA, 2015). Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and referred to as the god of War. The planet probably got this name due to its red color; Mars is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet. Mars has been known since prehistoric times, and of course, it has been extensively studied with ground-based observatories. But even very...
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...Mars Climate Orbiter Project Abstract NASA launched Mars Climate Orbiter on Dec. 11, 1998, atop a Delta II launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. Nine and a half months after launch, the spacecraft was to fire its main engine to achieve an elliptical orbit around Mars .However, in Sept, 1999 Mars space probe was ‘lost’. The failure was due to a number of issues related to project management. One of the issues was: two teams involved in the space probe development were using different systems of measurement – one was using metres, centimetres and kilogrammes, the other was using feet, inches and pounds. However, there were a number of other contributing factors. There was inadequate consideration of the entire mission and its post-launch operation as a total system Inconsistent Communications and training within the project. There was no complete end-to-end verification of navigation software and related computer models The project had failed to set clear success criteria for the project outcomes. The scope of the project had not been matched to the funding, leading to inadequate funding for defined outcomes. The project was lacking in good team working environment and adequate, appropriate staffing. The problem was found to be poor communication between, rather than within, different teams. Lack of better monitoring of contractors’ work. Later on, better trained personnel with project management courses were recommended. There was...
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...space. Before the mid-1900s, all mankind could do was gaze at the stars from Earth and wonder what it would be like to go into space. Man would look through telescopes and make theories on how the universe worked. During the mid-1900s, mankind finally was able to send a man into space and explore the wonders of space first hand. So why do humans explore space? Well, it is our fascination with the unknown. At first, all mankind did was look up and wonder how things became what they are now. We started to think that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth, and the Earth was the center of the entire universe. Galileo Galelie later disproved this theory. Even with growing knowledge in the field, it was not until 1957 when the first Earth orbiter, the Soviet’s Sputnik 1, was sent into space and placed in orbit at an altitude of 1,370 miles and weighed ! 184 pounds. Later in that year, the Soviets sent Sputnik 2 into space with a dog named Laika. Laika was the first animal to venture into space. Then in 1985, the United States successfully sent their very own satellite into space. In 1960, the Soviets launched to dogs into space and successfully returned them to Earth. From this point started the space race. The space race was a challenge between the USSR and the United States to see who could land a man on the moon first. In 1961, the first man in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin who was in space for 60 minutes before returning to Earth in Vostok 1 and was sent by the USSR. Astronaut...
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...providing information of the evolution on Earth, searching for life on Mars, the need for liquid water, and the planets in our solar system's attributes. He acknowledges an informative tone to provide information of life existing on other planets for the audience. Faulkner begins to explain the broad definition of abiogenesis, the spontaneous appearance of life from a nonliving matter. He implies “if life did arise on Earth by itself, it would be inconceivable that this is the only planet upon which there is life”(Faulkner 7-8). He describes life on Earth as abiogenesis. If Earth were the only place that held life it would be a very “special” place; the definitive response from Faulkner suggests the evolution of life on Earth would support life on other planets. According to Lloyd Bitzer, exigence used for this article is that if life was found on other planets than ours. We would have a portion of people wanting to destroy...
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...Comparing three Mars rovers Mars is not easy to reach or explore. Nearly two-thirds of all missions have failed. However, in recent years, the United States has had more success landing rovers. Of recent missions, two rovers essentially crash-landed in a cocoon of airbags and one soft-landed. The first lander, Sojourner, part of the Mars Pathfinder mission, was about the size of a milk crate and weighed 33 pounds. It landed using airbags on July 4, 1997, and stayed active 10 times longer than scheduled (NASA, Chronology of Mars Exploration 1). The next missions were the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity, which were launched a few weeks apart and landed on opposite sides of the planet in the summer of 2003, also using airbag technology. They both were the size of golf carts and outlasted their scheduled missions many times over. Curiosity landed in August 2012 and is the largest and most ambitious rover. The size and mass of a Mini Cooper, it survived a complex soft landing. Curiosity also supports the most complex science, containing drills, lasers, and a small analytical laboratory (Gibson 289). Curiosity can communicate with Earth in three ways. First, Curiosity can engage in direct communication from the rover to Earth’s Deep Space Network. Second, Curiosity can use a fast relay via the orbiting Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Finally, Curiosity can utilize a slow relay to communicate via the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The scientific missions have focused on whether Mars once harbored...
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