...McClelland’s Theory of Needs American’s Psychologist David Clarence McClelland (1917-98) proposed that every individual have specific needs that can be classed into need for achievement (nAch), need for affiliation (nAff), and need for power (nPow). Regardless of gender, culture or age, human beings have three motivating drivers that will affect their behavior. People with a high need for achievement seek to excel, to accomplish in relation to a set of standards, to struggle to achieve success. High nAch individuals prefer work that has a moderate probability of success, ideally a 50% chance. There is a strong need for feedback as to monitor the progress of their achievements. They prefer either to work alone or with other high achievers. High achievers are not interested in rewards or money unless these rewards reflect a measurement of their success. Their desire is to do a task better than it has been done before. The individuals with high achievement needs are highly motivated by competing and challenging work. They also look for promotional opportunities in job. Second, the individuals who are motivated by affiliation have an urge for a friendly and supportive environment. They prefer to spend time creating and maintaining social relationships, enjoy being a part of groups, and have a desire to feel loved and accepted. Individuals with high nAff strive for friendships, prefer cooperative situations rather than competitive ones, and desire relationships involving a high...
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...19 July 2014 Need Theories: Comparing Maslow, Alderfer, and McClelland Most theories of motivation revolve around the idea an employee’s needs influence their motivation. Needs are physiological or psychological scarcities that stimulate behavior therefore are necessary to live a healthy, productive lives both in personal and work lives. “If work is meaningless, then life comes close to being meaningless”(Maslow, Stephens Heil 39). These needs, whether weak or strong and are greatly influenced by environmental factors, thus causing human needs to vary over time and place. The general idea behind need theories of motivation is that unmet needs motivate people to placate them. On the contrary, people are not motivated to pursue a satisfied or achieved need. “In general terms, motivation can be defined as the desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy, determination and opportunity to achieve it”(Compare and Contrast Clayton Paul Alderfer’s Erg Theory of Motivation and Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy). Let us now consider three popular content theories of motivation: Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and McClelland’s need theory. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, first published his need hierarchy theory of motivation in 1943. According to Maslow, we all have five levels of need. The first, and most basic level is the need for survival or physiological needs, followed by the need for safety, together these two level represent our basic needs....
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...19 July 2014 Need Theories: Comparing Maslow, Alderfer, and McClelland Most theories of motivation revolve around the idea an employee’s needs influence their motivation. Needs are physiological or psychological scarcities that stimulate behavior therefore are necessary to live a healthy, productive lives both in personal and work lives. “If work is meaningless, then life comes close to being meaningless”(Maslow, Stephens Heil 39). These needs, whether weak or strong and are greatly influenced by environmental factors, thus causing human needs to vary over time and place. The general idea behind need theories of motivation is that unmet needs motivate people to placate them. On the contrary, people are not motivated to pursue a satisfied or achieved need. “In general terms, motivation can be defined as the desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy, determination and opportunity to achieve it”(Compare and Contrast Clayton Paul Alderfer’s Erg Theory of Motivation and Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy). Let us now consider three popular content theories of motivation: Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and McClelland’s need theory. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, first published his need hierarchy theory of motivation in 1943. According to Maslow, we all have five levels of need. The first, and most basic level is the need for survival or physiological needs, followed by the need for safety, together these two level represent our basic needs....
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...left their marks both on psychology and on the world at large. But my favorite famous psychologist is Abraham Herold Maslow. I choose Maslow because of his influence in psychology, his humanistic theories and his contributions of our understanding of human behavior. First of all, Abraham Maslow was born in April 1, 1908 at Brooklyn New York. He was the oldest of seven children and was named “mentally unstable” by a psychologist. His parents were first generation Jewish immigrants from Russia who fled from Czarist persecution in the early 20th century. His parents were poor and not intellectually oriented, they value education. Maslow and other young people at the time with his background were struggling to overcome the act of racism and ethnic prejudice. He grew up in a library and among books. It was there that made him developed the love of reading and learning. Maslow went to Boys high school, one of the top high school in Brooklyn, New York. He attended the City college of New York after high school. In 1926 he began taking legal studies classes at night in addition to his undergraduate course load. Maslow continued his education by studying psychology at University of Wisconsin. His psychology training at (UW) were specifically experimental behaviorist. His experience with behaviorism makes him a strong positive mindset person. (Hoffmann p.9). Also, Maslow has influence psychology in so many ways. He has not only influence psychology but also the larger culture in which we...
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...Maslow Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Tatiana Cadle-Taylor Barry University Abraham Maslow founded a movement—that valued individuality, creativity, and personal freedom— called the humanistic movement in the late 1950s. Maslow, born April, 1, 1908 (Abraham Harold Maslow, 2013), was the son of poor Russian-Jewish immigrants who came to the United States in the early 1900s seeking an escape from the Czarist persecution. His parents settled in New York City, where he attended public schools in a multiethnic, working-class neighborhood (Hoffman 2008). Maslow’s youthful experience was extremely typical for those of his background, and they inevitably shaped his worldview. This viewpoint remained vital to Maslow throughout his life. Although Maslow acknowledged his admiration of Freudian psychoanalysis at an early age, his own view of human nature varied greatly from Sigmund Freud's. Maslow thought Freud's theory was unnecessarily pessimistic with respect to our human potential for decency and kindness. He disagreed strongly with Freud's contention that we are essentially selfish beings, with little regard for others (Mullins 2010). Freud's view of human nature portrayed human potential as a fight to keep our instincts in check. Maslow believed that we are capable of becoming fully human through a process of self-actualization (Mullins 2010). Maslow agreed that we do not always show our most fully human side; but Maslow also believed that any of those reactions...
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...ABRAHAM MASLOW Born April1,1908 Abraham Maslow was the oldest of seven children born to his parents in Brooklyn New York. Feeling pressure from his parents to achieve academic greatness, Abraham went through early childhood with few friends. Focusing mainly on his studies Maslow had a quiet and unfulfilling adolescence. Abraham started off his college career by attending city college in New York were he began to study law, as his father had wanted him to do. He soon lost interest and transferred to the University of Wisconsin and studied psychology. Here Maslow received, in 1934, his Ph.D. During his college career Abraham married his cousin Bertha Goodman, his parents did not approve of the union and were saddened by it . While Maslow was at Wisconsin he met a man named Harry Harlow, Harlow had a great affect on Maslow and his thinking . Another one of Maslows role models was E.L Thorndike who got him interested in human sexuality. Abraham took a job at Brooklyn College ,it is here were he took interest in humanistic psychology. And developed his theory on the “Hierarchy of Needs”, and the idea of self-actualization. Maslow would go on to be one of the greatest humanistic and behavioral psychologists to date. Trying to get up that great big hill hope for his destination Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs. Which takes us from basic physical needs to self -actualization. Maslow believed each person was born with his or hers mental, creative , and social potential. It...
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...Human Perspectives The Humanistic theory of personality explains that people are basically good natured. Humanistic also believe that everyone has the ability to achieve their full potential within themselves. The theory explains that with the help of a humanistic therapist any individual can reach their full potential. However, humanistic believe that individuals cannot reach full potential unless all of their needs are met. Abraham Maslow explained in the Hierarchy of needs that an individual’s needs must be met in a specific order before the individual can reach full potential or self-actualization. Full potential is not reached until the individual has fulfilled physical needs such as hunger, safety, belonging, and self-esteem. Individuals that do not have the ability to fulfill the hierarchy of needs often display personality that is unhealthy or dysfunctional. Rogers and Maslow Carl Rogers created the idea of person-centered therapy which shares a few similarities with Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. In person-centered therapy, the client sets their own path of therapy. The client comes up with goals and how they plan to obtain the goals. Maslow proposed everyone has needs that must be met before an individual betters themselves; however, person-centered therapy allows an individual to lack in some needs while developing their personality traits. Person-centered therapy does not focus on individual differences in clients. Maslow focuses on individual development in...
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...Personality Theory Paper 1 Personality Theory Paper Venetia Berry PSYCH 504 Personality Theories September 19, 2011 Dr. Bridgette Jenkins Running Head: Personality Theory Paper 2 Abstract In this paper, I will discuss how Abraham Maslow theory, hierarachy of needs has influenced my understanding of personalities and behaviors of people in society and in the work place. I will also discuss how this theory has influenced my role in society and din the work place, along with my interactions with others. Running Head: Personality Theory Paper 3 Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1908. He was the oldest of seven children. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia who were uneducated. His parents pushed him hard for academic success. Growing up he became very lonely as a boy and found his interest in reading books (Boeree, 2006). Maslow first studied law at City College of New York (CCNY). After three semesters, he transferred to Cornell and then back to CCNY (Boeree, 2006). After he married, he moved to Wisconsin and attended the University of Wisconsin, where he became interested in psychology (Boeree, 2006). While attending the University of Wisconsin, he met and worked with Harry Harlow who was known for his experiments with baby rhesus monkeys and attachment behavior (Boeree, 2006). Maslow received...
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...1 Motivation Theories Companies rely on their employees to produce products or provide services in a timely fashion. While employees can easily learn the tasks and procedures required to carry out their roles, organizations can benefit from providing motivational incentives for a good job performance. A motivated employee is someone that works hard because they feel fulfilled when they do so. Motivation is defined as the result of the interaction of a person’s internal needs and external influences, which determine how a person will behave (Plunkett, 2008). Businesses with unmotivated employees often face low productivity and high turnover rates. Multiple theories help explain how workers are motivated and provide suggestions for how to increase motivation in the workplace. Motivation is an important area of business research and there are two categories of motivation theories: content theories and process theories. Content theories emphasize the needs that motivate people and process theories explain how employees choose behaviors to meet their needs and how they determine whether their choices were successful (Plunkett, 2008). A theory of motivation that offers the best chance of increasing productivity in my workplace the content theory: the hierarchy of needs. Hierarchy of needs was developed by the psychologist Abraham H. Maslow who based his study of motivation on a hierarchy of needs (Plunkett, 2008). According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions...
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...University of Phoenix Material Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Worksheet Fill-in the Blank 1. Abraham Maslow proposed the _ Humanistic_ theory of personality. 2. According to Maslow, self-fulfillment and realization of one’s full potential are examples of Self-Actualization____ needs. 3. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that __ physiological___needs must be satisfied before _ safety and security needs will become motivators for behavior. 4. The belief that matter evolves from simpler to more complex forms is ____________________. 5. The ___________, according to Rogers, is one’s view of self as one wishes to be. 6. Carl Rogers believed that conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization are all considered ___________________________. 7. Rogers believed that __________________________, _______________________, and _________________ are necessary elements of psychotherapy. 8. _______________ is the structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future. 9. May proposed that ___________________ is the freedom of action, whereas __________________ is the freedom of being. 10. The basic concepts of existential theory are _______________ and ___________________. Matching Match the following theoretical components with their correct theorist or theorists. |Theoretical component ...
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...is characterized by puberty and the crisis of identity versus identity confusion. adulthood (Erikson) The stage from about ages 31 to 60 that is characterized by the psychosexual mode of procreativity and the crisis of generativity versus stagnation. aesthetic needs (Maslow) Needs for art, music, beauty, and the like. Although they may be related to the basic conative needs, aesthetic needs are a separate dimension aggression (Adler) Safeguarding tendencies that may include depreciation or accusation of others as well as self-accusation, all designed to protect exaggerated feelings of personal superiority by striking out against other people. anxiety A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by the physical sensation of uneasiness anxiety (Rogers) Feelings of uneasiness or tension with an unknown cause. basic anxiety (Maslow) Anxiety arising from inability to satisfy physiological and safety needs. care (Erikson) A commitment to take care of the people and things that one has learned to care for. client-centered therapy Approach to psychotherapy originated by Rogers, which is based on respect for the person’s capacity to grow within a nurturing climate. cognitive needs (Maslow) Needs for knowledge and understanding; related to basic or conative needs, yet operating on a different dimension. conative needs Needs that pertain to willful and purposive striving, for example Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. conditions of worth (Rogers) Restrictions...
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...and motivate them. To understand and motivate people, you must know human nature. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Unlike others researchers in the earlier days of psychology, Abraham Maslow's based his theory of human needs on creative people who used all their talents, potential, and capabilities (Bootzin, Loftus, Zajonc, Hall, 1983). His methodology differed from most other psychological researchers at the time in that these researchers mainly observed mentally unhealthy people. Maslow (1970) felt that human needs were arranged in a hierarchical order that could be divided into two major groups: basic needs and metaneeds (higher order needs): Basic Needs are physiological, such as food, water, and sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and self-esteem. These basic needs are also called “deficiency needs” because if they are not met by an individual, then that person will strive to make up the deficiency. Metaneeds or being needs (growth needs). These include justice, goodness, beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take priority over these meta needs...
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...University of Phoenix Material Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Worksheet Fill-in the Blank 1. Abraham Maslow proposed the _____Humanistic____________ theory of personality. 2. According to Maslow, self-fulfillment and realization of one’s full potential are examples of ______basic__________ needs. 3. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that ___lower basic needs_________ needs must be satisfied before ____higher growth________ needs will become motivators for behavior. 4. The belief that matter evolves from simpler to more complex forms is ______formative tendancy______________. 5. The __ideal self_________, according to Rogers, is one’s view of self as one wishes to be. 6. Carl Rogers believed that conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization are all considered _barriers to psychological health__________________________. 7. Rogers believed that __couselor congruence___, ___unconditional postitve reguard________, and empathetic listening____ are necessary elements of psychotherapy. 8. __Intentionality_____________ is the structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future. 9. May proposed that ____existential freedon_____ is the freedom of action, whereas ___essentail freedom_____ is the freedom of being. 10. The basic concepts of existential theory are ______ and ___________________. Matching Match the following theoretical...
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...Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Theories of personalities have been studied for many decades. The biological and humanistic approaches to personality have both become infamous in studying the science behind personality. Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs because he did not believe that the conditioning theories adequately portrayed the complexity of human behavior. In analyzing both the biological and humanistic theories, one can see where Maslow may have been right in that assumption. The basic perceptions of humanistic and biological theories vary significantly. There are some basic ideas behind humanistic psychology. Humanists focus on the present rather than looking at the past or toward the future. Well individuals should take responsibility for themself; regardless of the actions and every individual possess inherent worth. Even negative actions do not negate the value of the person. The achievement of personal growth and understanding is the goal of life (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). On the other hand biological theorists believe that genetics can determine a person’s personality. Some concepts state that even if biology plays no direct role in personality, the way a person looks affects how one sees himself/herself and how others interrelate with him/her. This unintended affect controls how a person develops into adulthood. Biological viewpoints teach that intelligence and genes could define a person’s personality. Temperament and mental...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories PSY/405 Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories A personality is similar to a fingerprint, it is distinctive. The Humanistic and existential theories of personality illustrate self-actualization, motivation, existentialism and person-centered theory. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explicate the humanistic theory of motivation. Man achieves a situation in life established as self-actualization; nevertheless, the principle to achieving self-actualization a high level need, commence with fulfilling lower -level needs. Even though lower-level needs contributed to importance with satisfying higher level needs and completely self-actualization, passing over other lower-level needs do happen. Carl Roger’s Client-centered theory as well humanistic has a formative tendency. Roger’s deemed every substance either organic or inorganic developed from uncomplicated forms to further complicated forms (Feist & Feist, 2009). The self and self-actualization is motivated by motivations, satisfying individual needs and recognizing oneself was significant from Roger’s viewpoint. Regrettably, hindrance to psychological health much like disorganization incongruence and defensiveness may happen. Roger’s Client-centered theory illustrates a model of individuality and the different factors which involve persons’ development. Additionally May has employed Existential psychology, summarizing...
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