...Critically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Nicole Gay Grantham University Online Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Motivation is an important aspect in the workplace. Employees seek it and managers develop ways to motive employees. Maslow’s needs theory can also aid in maintaining a competitive edge if applied successfully. History of Maslow’s Needs Theory Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a model that was developed between the years of 1943 and 1954 ("Maslow Theory of Motivation - A Paradigm Shift", n.d.). The model consisted of five basic needs when it was first created, since then more levels have been added, however, the five basic needs are most popular. Maslow's Hierarchy of Need rose from the perception that everyone is motivated by needs that are natural; physiological, safety, love and belongingness, self-esteem, and the need for self-actualization ("Maslow Theory of Motivation- A Paradigm Shift", n.d.). Needs Described by Maslow Maslow described physiological needs as our basic needs of air, water, food, and sleep. Humans might experience sickness, irritation, pain, and discomfort when these needs are not satisfied ("Maslow Theory of Motivation - A Paradigm Shift", n.d.). Our instincts motivates us to satisfy these feelings to create stability of our feelings. Once these needs are met, one can move forward to satisfy other needs. Safety needs are most psychological in nature. When a person is seeking safety need, they are looking for security, assurance, and uniformity. In the...
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...Abstract Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory was developed with motivation in mind. We set goals or motivators daily and attempt to achieve these goals. While some are survival motivators others are the need for self-actualization. Feeling needed and important to others is what we all strive for. Maslow’s and the ERG Theory will help us understand what the needs are and the different levels of the needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory vs. ERG Theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need is five levels of fundamental human needs or motivators that are essential to be satisfied in a set order beginning with the lowest level. The need for endurance and safety are the paramount and most needed. The theory of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need states that once a necessity is fulfilled it is no longer a motivator and we then move on to the next need. Used in the business setting it is used as a course of action (Maslow’s, 2013). The five levels that Mr. Maslow speaks about have been criticized by others. It is said that there is no scientific proof for the ranking of the needs and that they are in hierarchical order (Cherry, 2013). In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed the Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This theory is meant to describe the levels at which an individual moves through for self-motivation. The levels are described as (Maslows’ Hierarchy, 2013, Management): • The lowest level is the need to survive also known as physiological needs. • The second level known as safety needs consists of the...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory Humans are driven based on our motivation needs by nature and what we are looking to obtain through our desire of want. It can be a basic need that we are all programmed to strive for; like food and water, or maybe something we have to work a little harder at like our overall self-esteem and personal goals. In order to become the best versions of ourselves and to gain a state of self-fulfillment we must look at all of our desires and the steps to making this a reality. “Maslow’s hierarchy theory helps us better our understanding of how to achieve our more sophisticated, higher-ordered needs through certain primary needs that should be satisfied first” (Feldmen 249). I personally believe that everyone is good-natured at heart but if any of their needs are not meet then we can expect to see people struggle, which can be dangerous to them and the ones they are around. Babies for instance, are innocent and good natured as long as their Physiological Needs and Safety Needs are met. These are Maslow’s first two steps in order to achieve Self-Actualization (Which we will discuss later in this essay.) So, as long as they are taken care of properly, feed, changed and so on, they will thrive from the very beginning with only the basics necessary at that time. But not do only babies needs these simple principles, we all do. Getting enough sleep, having a secure environment and also being fed a proper diet are all important things to take into consideration...
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...Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Business and Management Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory In: Business and Management Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory in his paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” in Psychological Review. Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that people possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. There is a pyramid with five levels of needs which is used to represent Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Starting from the bottom of the pyramid, the term of ‘physiological’, ‘safety’, ‘belongingness’, ‘esteem’, and ‘self-actualization’ are used by Maslow to describe the pattern of human motivations generally moving through. • Physiological needs – A person’s needs for basic life needs such as air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep and other physical requirements. • Safety needs – A person’s needs for protection and security from physical and emotional harm, order, law, limits and stability in order to assure that physical needs will continue to be met. • Belongingness and love needs – A person’s needs for family, affection, relationship and group work. • Esteem needs – A person’s needs for internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy and achievement and external esteem such as status, recognition and attention. • Self-actualization needs – A person’s...
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...In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory in his paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” in Psychological Review. Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that people possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. There is a pyramid with five levels of needs which is used to represent Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Starting from the bottom of the pyramid, the term of ‘physiological’, ‘safety’, ‘belongingness’, ‘esteem’, and ‘self-actualization’ are used by Maslow to describe the pattern of human motivations generally moving through. • Physiological needs – A person’s needs for basic life needs such as air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep and other physical requirements. • Safety needs – A person’s needs for protection and security from physical and emotional harm, order, law, limits and stability in order to assure that physical needs will continue to be met. • Belongingness and love needs – A person’s needs for family, affection, relationship and group work. • Esteem needs – A person’s needs for internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy and achievement and external esteem such as status, recognition and attention. • Self-actualization needs – A person’s needs for growth, achieving one’s potential and self-fulfillment; the drive to become what one is capable of becoming. Maslow argued that each level in the needs hierarchy must be substantially satisfied...
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...Critical Analysis A) Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory: Abraham Maslow is well renowned for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs Theory in 1943. This theory is a classical depiction of human motivation. This theory is based on the assumption that there is a hierarchy of five needs within each individual. The urgency of these needs varies. These five needs are as follows- FIGURE: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Model 1. Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic amenities of life. 2. Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc. 3. Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongingness, and friendship. 4. Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of two types: internal esteem needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration). 5. Self-actualization need- This include the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and self-contentment. It also includes desire for gaining more knowledge, social- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully satiable. As an individual...
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...1. Maslow’s hierarchy and theory of evolution The ultimate reason for establishing a business organization is nothing but for the satisfaction of physiological needs like food from there the needs transforms to better physiological needs then to it turns to social recognition, brand value and good will. There is a clear similarity exists between this change in needs and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which changes from physiological to self-actualization needs. This relation is not co – incidental. 2. Tradeoffs According to the theory of evolution organisms do give up something which though useful is less helpful in our survival compared to the trait that we acquire. This tradeoff for giving up something for getting something else which is more useful for our survival can be...
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...Personality Theory Course : Organizational Behaviour Course Code: MBA507 Section: 1 Submitted To: Dr. Nasreen Wadud Adjunct Faculty, Business Administration Department East West University Submitted By: Md. Faysal Ahmed ID: 2013-1-95-110 Mahmudul Hasan ID: 2013-1-95-031 Niaj Mahmud ID: 2013-1-95-055 Md. Samiul Islam Chowdhury ID: 2013-1-95-076 Submission Date: 24.08.2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Front Matter 2-5 Preface 2 Learning Objectives 3 Scope of the Project 3 Methodology 4 Limitations 5 I. Introduction 6-12 Introduction to Personality Theory 6 What is a Theory 7 Why Different theories 11 II. Theories of Personality 12-116 Psychoanalytic Theory 12-25 Humanistic Theory 25-43 Trait and Factor Theories- Big Five Factors 43-57 Biological and Genetic Theories 58-62 Social Cognitive Theory 62-87 Holistic-Dynamic Theory 88-116 III. Conclusion 116-117 Final Thoughts 116 Summary ...
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...people seek as much knowledge as possible about the best way to travel, using previous experience and the accounts of others who have been on similar trips. ‘Survival advice’ and ‘top tips’ enable them to ascertain the abilities, expectations and equipment that may help them to have a successful journey with good outcomes, to achieve their objectives and return to base safely. At the start of any research study, it is important to consider relevant theory underpinning the knowledge base of the phenomenon to be researched. By addressing simple questions, the researcher can begin to develop a loosely-structured theoretical framework to guide them. The following questions have been adapted from Slevin and Basford (1999: 298): • What do I know about the phenomenon that I want to study? • What types of knowledge are available to me (empirical, non-empirical, tacit, intuitive, moral or ethical)? • What theory will best guide my midwifery practice? • Is this theory proven through theory-linked research? • What other theories are relevant to this practice? • How...
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...perceive our world in which we live. No one perspective alone can define the world. Each perspective has its own distinctive strengths and blind spots. In class we have discussed different theories and analogies to better understand the complexity of perspectives. Perspectives will both facilitate and constrain perception. A good example of this statement is the Burke Theorem. The Burke Theorem states that “A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing- a focus upon object A involves a neglect of object B”. My understanding of this theory is that if you only focus on one perspective for viewing, you end up neglecting other perspectives, which doesn’t allow you to fully see reality as you could from looking with more than one perspective. An example given in class was how each student viewed the same exact water bottle. Students sitting on different sides or directly in front of the water bottle will have different views. Students sitting in rows towards the left and right sides of the classroom saw the sides of the bottle, while students sitting directly in front saw the front of the bottle. And on the other hand the professor holding the water bottle only saw the straw and lid. With only using one perspective you neglect what else can be seen. Another analogy we discussed in class was Maslow’s Hammer. Maslow stated that “It is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail”. This is an example of over – reliance on a familiar tool. If...
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...As a health and social care practitioner it is important to have a clear understanding of the theories that underpin health and social care, understand the legalities and policies and be aware of the situation that you work within. This allows care staff to provide adequate care to the service users and allow them to feel safe knowing that they are being protected against any harm whilst protecting yourself. Social processes, such as poverty, unemployment, and disability, can impact users of health and social care services. When assisting service users it is important to have an understanding and a knowledge of various structures. Individuals that are born into poverty more than likely come from a lower socio-economic background or area and have a higher rate of being unemployed, lowering their chance opportunity. Unemployment may contribute to a person becoming poor as they might have lost a job that they already held. Mental and physical disabilities can also have an impact on unemployment as an individual may not have the same opportunities as someone who is more able. This may be the situation if an individual is either born with a disability or acquires one in later life. Poverty, unemployment and disabilities can have severe impacts on a person’s life, including depression, drug or alcohol addictions or abuse, homelessness or may lead to some mental health issues. In some cases a service user might have previous history or emotional poverty and/or domestic violence or...
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...BSHS 312 Historical Development of Human Services Week 1 to 5 Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/BSHS%20312/bshs-312-historical-development-of-human-services-week-1-to-5 Product Description BSHS 312 (Historical Developments of Human Services) Week 1 BSHS 312 Week 1 Discussion Question # 1 Why is it important for human services workers, and the professionals they assist, to have a theoretical framework for helping and creating change? BSHS 312 Week 1 Discussion Question # 2 How might transference and counter-transference issues manifest themselves in your work with participants? How about unconscious defenses? Week 1 Assignment: Learning Team Charter Team “D” Week 2 BSHS 312 Week 2 Discussion Question # 1 Do you think that a therapist should be an active participant in the treatment of his or her clients? Why or why not? BSHS 312 Week 2 Discussion Question # 2 What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? In your opinion, is either effective? Why or why not? Week 2 Assignments: Annotated Bibliography- Stages of Change Model Self-Management Behavior Contract: To Lose weight and lower my BMI (1450+ Words) Week 3 BSHS 312 Week 3 Discussion Question # 1 Do you agree with the necessity for autonomy as defined by the cognitive theorists? Why? BSHS 312 Week 3 Discussion Question # 2 What kinds of all-or-nothing thinking have you detected in yourself? How will you stop it? Week...
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...Check Point: Motivations and Teams Case Study BUS/210 Katurah Allen John Chandler There are a few different types of theories found in case studies, which are known as Maslow’s hierarchy theory, expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, management by objectives (MBO), equity theory, and job enrichment theory. After reviewing the five different theories I have review the two articles for a case study to determine the theories the businesses used. “Two Men and a Lot of Trunk” article; I believe the owner Mary Ellen Sheets was using the Maslow’s hierarchy theory. Mrs. Sheets was just trying to help her son’s out to begin with; then after they no longer wanted to do the moving business, she kept receiving inquires about local moves that made here buy a trunk for moving people. I see it as Mrs. Sheets kept this company going for her own psychological needs to be satisfied. It made here proud when she knew people were being treated with respect and getting what they pay for. While Mrs. Sheets began to run this company and providing a service to move people she saw great respect and provided her with psychological rewards. Mrs. Sheets saw a great need for moving locally. By providing a good respectful service that was helping people and in return satisfied her needs to feeling appreciated with respect, therefore this case study could also be the expectancy theory. Mrs. Sheets approach to creating high-performing teams within the company was with rewards and proper training. One of...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Assumes that some needs are more important than others and must be satisfied before the other needs can serve as motivators Identifies five levels of individual needs • Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.) • Safety/Security/Shelter/Health • Belongingness/Love/Friendship • Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement • Self actualization Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "d-needs": esteem , friendship and love, security, and physical needs. With the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) needs, if these "deficiency needs" are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term Metamotivation to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. Metamotivated people are driven by B-needs (Being Needs), instead of deficiency needs (D-Needs). Physiological needs For the most part, physiological needs are obvious — they are the literal requirements...
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