...JUDUL : Peran Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT Pertamina EP Dalam Pencapaian Millenium Development Goals (MDG’s) ABSTRAK Millenium Development Goals (MDG’s) merupakan sebuah tanggung jawab negara maju dan negara berkembang untuk dapat menangani isu-isu yang terjadi di dunia. MDG’s dideklarasikan oleh Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Millenium oleh 189 negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB) di New York pada bulan September 2000. MDG’s memiliki 8 target isu yang harus dicapai hingga tahun 2015. Pencapaian MDG’s ini disosialisasikan oleh negara-negara melalui Perusahaan-perusahaan, baik perusahaan asing maupun perusahaan milik dalam negeri. Dalam sebuah perusahaan pembangunan masyarakat ini dijalankan melalui Program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Pengertian dari CSR adalah sebuah bentuk tanggung jawab perusahaan terhadap kondisi di sekitar wilayah perusahaan. Kewajiban pelaksanaan CSR oleh suatu perusahaan tertulis dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas (UUPT) Pasal 74, UU No. 40 Tahun 2007. PT Pertamina EP merupakan Perusahaan Milik Negara yang melakukan eksplorasi, dan pendistribusian minyak. PT Pertamina EP memiliki sebuah tanggung jawab untuk melaksanakan Program CSR yang sesuai dengan UUPT . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran PT Pertamina EP melalui Program CSR yang sesuai dengan UUPT Tahun 2007 dalam mensukseskan 8 tujuan MDG’s. Tinjauan Pustaka yang digunakan adalah bentuk konseptualisasi. Salah satu konsep yang terkenal dari John...
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...SGES212 TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT: “WHAT HAS SOUTH AFRICA DONE TO ACHIEVE THE MDG’S?” INTRODUCTION The Millennium Development Goals are set by the United Nations to be achieved by South Africa. Important global partnerships for development were formed, to ensure productive work for all, commitment, good governance and poverty eradication. Most importantly, “What has South Africa done to achieve the MDG’s?” GOAL 1 – TO ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY In South Africa the severity of poverty has been reduced since 2002. Malnutrition amongst under 5 year olds had a decline from 88971 cases in 2001 to 30082 in 2005. Households with access to clean water increase from 60% in 1995 to 85% in 2003. By December 2004 10 million people had access to clean water. Access to sanitation increased from 49% to 63% in 2003. 2.4 million housing subsidies were approved and 1.74 million housing units were built by 2005. NERICA (New Rice for Africa) allowed farmers to feed their own families and sell their crops to earn a living, thus becoming self sustaining. GOAL 2 – TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION Education in South Africa has the single largest budget item, approximately R95 billion. An increase in enrolment from 15000 to 280000 in primary level, over 98% of 7 to 13 year olds attended primary institutions. 15 to 24 year old illiterate decreased from 14% to 10 % in 2006. A world food programme was initiated to provide school lunch thus encouraging children to go to school and receive a nutritious...
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...MDG in Pakistan and how it affects the economy According to the introduction to Global Politics by Steven L. Lamy the adoption of the Millennium Developmental Goals framework has also helped country field staff achieve a more coherent approach to development. In my paper I am going to talk about the MDG’S in Pakistan and how the country is affected politically, economically and other ways as well. Pakistan not only represents freedom and independence but also is known to be the land of the pure. The region has landscapes that vary from plains, and deserts, to forests, and hills. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River, and the sistan basin. “In the northern highlands, the second highest peak in the world is found here 8,611 meters.”(1) Cultivation is scarce in the northern mountains, but much of Pakistan's land area has the potential for intensive agricultural. In the Indus plain, the name Indus Means Ocean, the Indus, one of the immense rivers of the world, rises in Tibet. The Indus River basin is a large, productive plain formed by silt. Agricultural civilizations had been around this area for at least 5,000 years. (5) Pakistan is able to feed its population under usual climatic conditions, in the Indus river area due to fertile soil. (6) Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum. (7) These dams are important to the national economy and helped calm...
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...Suggest reasons for the variable progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goal targets. (10) The United National is an organization composed of many countries all over the world, and was founded in 1945. The introduction of the Millennium Development Goals is one of the major steps the UN has made to achieve some of their aims. The goals include 8 separate targets agreed in the 1990’s set to be reached by 2015. There are however, reasons that have made this target hard to come by. With the exception of the Sub Saharan Africa; all regions are on track to achieve MDG1 (Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty). The main issue is facing the achievement of this particular MDG is the economic strength of certain countries, in addition the climate and geographical features of each country need to be taken into consideration. It is clear some countries will meet the standard needed by 2015 whilst othe§ rs will be left behind. The 2009 global depression costed sub-Saharan Africa’s people £12.8 billion, which as a result makes its MDG hard to achieve. The world bank is said to increase its support to agriculture to between $6 billion, and $8 billion a year over the next three years, up from $4.1 billion annually before 2008. Millennium Development Goals also consist of that related to health e.g health issues, maternal health, HIV/Aid, child maternity etc. These three MDG’s have already been achieved by Thailand; however other countries appear to be struggling. In Uganda...
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...In September 2000, the 189 member countries of the United Nations at that time adopted eight Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s). The eight goals are ambitious, and involve among others halving the number of people without clean water and sanitation by 2015. The challenges in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) target for sanitation in Zambia by 2015 are many and include the large numbers of temporary latrines, low capacity for sanitation promotion in the country, weak policies and strategies for sanitation promotion, low support for sanitation in donor supported programs, social resistance to the use of the latrines, and lack of multi-sectoral partnerships for sanitation promotion. This paper endeavours to outline and discuss the sequential platform of activities in the policy process which the policy maker would use to address the problem of poor sanitation in Luangeni Village of Chief Mpezeni’s area. The essay also attempts to establish the seriousness of the problem of poor sanitation in the village by presenting statistical evidence. In order to fully comprehend and come up with solutions concerning the topic under discussion it is imperative that we understand some key concepts to be used in this essay, these include policy, policy makers and sanitation. Development policy making lies within the domain of the state. The word policy however has no single defination in literature, this is so because there are different points of view and diverging opinions and...
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...election. However, at this time Indonesia faced many issues in the economic and politics, which let it behind the Asia neighbors such as China, Malaysia, and Thailand. The GDP fall, inflation declined, the unemployment stayed high, and the foreign investors left the country. The main central issue in the Indonesia was high level of endemic problem of corruption. According to the Transparency International, studies shows that Indonesia is ranked 100 out of 183 counties as most corrupt. Indonesian Lawyer Todong Mulya Lubis mentioned, “Change is inevitable” (Naomi, 1998) and requires long time for normal level of the economic growth. Moreover, he pointed out there were corruption in every stage in government (Naomi, 1998). Indonesian’s Goals: Indonesia has a lot to do to improve its economic and politics environments. In September 2000, the Millennium Summit was issued...
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...Introduction What is Capacity Building? According to the National Council of Non-profits it’s “…an investment in the effectiveness and sustainability…”which improves a country’s standing and fulfilment of goals and objectives set within a specific time period and effectively met. Consequently, it reflects positive impacts upon the living standards of communities (National Council of Non-profit, 2017). Therefore, the aim is to identify how Africa stands on further developing itself through education, growth, and the management of resources through community involvement, in addition; to determine whether Africa’s capacity building is effective and sustainable in regard to many declarations and international agreements to help further development...
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...The following were presented to better understand the Philippines’ current situation and where we were forty years ago: 1. There has been no major change in inequality in 1985 to 2009. Philippines’ income distribution has not worsened but it has not improved as well. 2. The poverty situation went down but the improvement was due to changing the methodology in calculating its percentage. However, NSO data says that the poverty incidence is growing and yet our MDG is to reduce poverty by half in 2015. 3. Employment situation as per NSO says that only 2.8 million are unemployed however, the recent survey conducted by SWS says 11 million are unemployed. ECOP estimates a good 77% are employed in the informal economy while DOLE estimates are at 45%. 4. Philippines’ poverty, unemployment and underemployment may be worse had there been no OFW diaspora. It has been discussed as well the economic history of the Philippines, what happened and what went wrong. During the 1950’s the Philippines experienced rapid industrial transformation and was considered second to Japan in Asia. However, in today’s economic situation, we are considered as a straggler. A lot of neighboring countries emerged and left the Philippines behind. It was mentioned that corruption, damaged culture and colonial mentality, and closed-economy were theories of inflation on failure to develop. The truth maybe a bit of each theory. Starting from Marcos and the succeeding Presidents, their Medium-Term...
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...A RESEARCH PAPER ON EDUCATION SYSTEM OF BANGLADESH CONTENT INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTION HISTORY COMPARISON OF FOUR DECADES RELATE WITH MDG’S CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Getting access to basic education has been a fundamental human right of every citizen of a country. This fundamental right has been denied to a large section of the population lying particularly below the poverty line in many developing countries of the world including Bangladesh. Acute poverty in their families may be singled out as the major cause behind such situation. Recognizing the critical importance of transforming them into effective human resources and thereby making them worthy citizens the Millennium Summit that held in Dakar back in 2000 declared ‘achieving universal primary education’ as one of its major agendas. As set out in the Millennium declaration this goal, known as MDG 2, has been the goal for providing access to primary education to all by the year 2015. However, Bangladesh, as a Signatory to the Dakar declaration expressed strong commitment towards achieving the goal of universal primary education which has sustainable positive implications for reduction in poverty by significantly large margin. In the words of Dr. A.M.R. Chowdhury, deputy executive director of BRAC, Bangladesh’s leading institution for non-formal education: “Education is...
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...poverty would rescue billions of people worldwide and make the world a better place for the people in it. Studies have shown if the current path persists even without the aid of Singer’s argument, all extreme cases of poverty could be eradicated by 2030 as shown by the panel The panel [the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda] came together with a sense of optimism and a deep respect for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The 13 years since the millennium have seen the fastest reduction in poverty in human history: There are half a billion fewer people living below an international poverty line of $1.25 a day. Child death rates have fallen by more than 30%, with about three million children's lives saved each year compared to 2000. Deaths from malaria have fallen by one-quarter. This unprecedented progress has been driven by a combination of economic growth, better policies, and the global commitment to the MDGs, which set out an inspirational rallying cry for the whole world. The work of the MDG’s has already progressed the world so much they believe they can eradicate poverty, and while Singer’s argument of donations would help exponentially it would also be at its maximum potential several years into it. (Bryfonski 2016)This bears a resemblance to the Giving pledges response. Giving people money will not give them the means to flourish but rather the means to merely survive not bring people back to poverty a year later and bring others...
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...continue to expand Water Authorities and Agencies are compelled to re-evaluated, re-think and restructure current urban infrastructures. Water professionals must now adapt to the changing and increasing needs of larger populations, larger economies and the consistent growth associated with urbanisation. Cited in a recent report by the United Nations Ecosystems Programme UNEP, experts believe that current water resources supply will not sustain global demand by 2030 and demand will outweigh supply by at least 40%, highlighting Africa as a region set to be hardest hit. The reliability and sustainability of Water Distribution Systems and Networks is now more than ever before are survival imperative to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) in Africa and the transformation of the African Diaspora. Water supply and sanitation services, believe it or not, have the greatest impact on the eradication of hunger and poverty, reducing child mortality, increasing basic literacy in Africa and creating more jobs through sustainable economic development. Join us at this topical and highly practical programme. Register Now!! Just A Few Reasons Why You Need To Attend This Highly Informative and Interactive Event There are prevalent backlogs in water infrastructure development and maintenance shortfalls are to be on-going. Current infrastructure is ageing and reaching its’ serviceable lifespan There are insufficient...
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...Summary of the Case: According to the article we are able to know that the year of 2013 is the turning point for South Africa because of their economic growth. They believe that 2013 is the year of continent becomes a destination of choice for global choice. We have come to know that South Africa’s economies grown very strongly. On the other hand sub-Saharan economies such as Nigeria, Ethiopia, Angola, Ghana, Cote d’ivoire, Kenya, Uganda; while countries of developing world facing economic uncertainty.The economic growth of South Africa is not only by its wealth of natural resources but also by its investments in agriculture and manufacturing. There are lots of opportunities for private sectors now in Africa. As because of Asia’s economies growth is slow and their labor wages rise therefore Africa will become the next preferred destination for labours intensive manufacturing of products such as garments sector. They are attracted by people for their low-cost and light manufacturing though it’s still important to need to work on their humanitarian interventions. Africa will emerge in a respected member of global community in few years. Their new mission will be how to do the work in development aid to attract more private sectors. Suddenly, Africa’s economies changed for their three reasons. First of all, global uncertainty continues to be the norm in 2013, trade and investment flows between Africa and BRIC (BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, and CHINA). The second reason is Africa promotes...
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...deaths could have been avoided in a properly functioning health care delivery system. Among the leading direct causes of maternal deaths in the country are: post partum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abortion related complications and obstructed labor. Beyond the glaring data of mortality lies a huge toll of ill health and disability due to pregnancy related complications and infant and child deaths and deepening poverty in families where a mother has died. It is estimated that for every maternal death there is at least twenty to thirty other women who suffer from serious complications, some of which are life long. Maternal health conditions are the leading causes of burden of disease among women. ( Tulali; Towards achieving MDG’s 4 and 5, 2010) Priority areas of maternal and child health interventions include antenatal, delivery, postpartum and newborn health services, infant and young child feeding which includes breastfeeding, milk code implementation, mother and baby friendly hospital initiatives and public health initiatives. Also a priority on maternal and child health...
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...Health Inquiry, Global Health Inequities Introduction: The Millennium Development Goals (or MDG) are a set of 8 goals set by the world’s nations in hope of reducing poverty by 2015. These 8 goals address poverty, education, equality, disease and the environment. Each goal has a targets and indicators we are aiming to achieve by 2015. The purpose of this report is to report on the history, objectives and constitution of the MDG’s and the success and effectiveness of the MDGs. History of MDGs: In the 1990’s the United Nation (UN) member states went through a historically extraordinary UN press conference process. This conference was aimed at building consensus on development priorities for the 21st century. However, at the end of the 1990’s the governments of the conference experienced conference fatigue and feared the process launched by the conferences was losing steam. In September 2000 in New York there was a large gathering of world leaders called the Millennium Summit. This was the largest gathering of world leaders in history including 189 UN member-states. At the Millennium Summit the United Nation Millennium Declaration was adopted as a result of a series of global conferences held during the 1990’s. The UN saw the Millennium Summit as an opportunity to bring back the development of priorities for the 21st century. It was at this Millennium Summit that the Millennium Declaration set in motion a global partnership and was signed by 147 heads of states....
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...David Turks Burke-8 American Lit May 3, 2013 Child Soldiers What accounts for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa? The primary cause contributing to the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa is poverty. While other factors such as ‘war’ itself, proliferation of small arms, lack of education, displacement all inevitably lead to child soldier recruitment, it is however poverty at the root of these circumstances. Therefore this essay shall argue this case by examining how Africa has come to have such high levels of poverty and by showing the association between other factors and that of poverty. To establish what is meant by the term ‘child soldier’ it must first be defined and a brief description offered that explains the recruitment practices used. This in turn allows the reader to better comprehend the devastating outcomes when underlying causes such as extreme poverty are not addressed. Subsequently this essay examines the factors that account for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa and through this examination of causal factors it will become apparent that poverty is a recurring theme. Once it has been established that poverty is indeed the major cause of child soldier recruitment attention is then given to what is being done to stop it. Finally consideration must be given to the problems that arise when addressing the issues of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the child soldier back into the community, to avoid a replication of the...
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