...different skills, such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, or waving goodbye. These skills are known developmental milestones. A child with a developmental delay does not reach these milestones at the same time as other children the same age. There are five main groups of skills that make up the developmental milestones. A child may have a developmental delay in one or more of these areas. • Gross motor: using large groups of muscles to sit, stand, walk, run, etc., keeping balance, and changing positions. • Fine motor: using hands and fingers to be able to eat, draw, dress, play, write, and do many other things. • Language: speaking, using body language and gestures, communicating, and understanding what others say. • Cognitive: Thinking skills including learning, understanding, problem-solving, reasoning, and remembering. • Social: Interacting with others, having relationships with family, friends, and teachers, cooperating, and responding to the feelings of others. Usually, there is an age range of several months where a child is expected to learn these new skills. Some skills need to be developed before new skills can be learned. For instance, children must learn to crawl before they can walk. If the normal age range fro walking is 9 to 15 months, and a child still isn’t walking by 20 months, this would be considered a developmental delay. Growth in each area of development is related to growth in the other areas. So if there is a difficulty in...
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...MDG in Pakistan and how it affects the economy According to the introduction to Global Politics by Steven L. Lamy the adoption of the Millennium Developmental Goals framework has also helped country field staff achieve a more coherent approach to development. In my paper I am going to talk about the MDG’S in Pakistan and how the country is affected politically, economically and other ways as well. Pakistan not only represents freedom and independence but also is known to be the land of the pure. The region has landscapes that vary from plains, and deserts, to forests, and hills. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River, and the sistan basin. “In the northern highlands, the second highest peak in the world is found here 8,611 meters.”(1) Cultivation is scarce in the northern mountains, but much of Pakistan's land area has the potential for intensive agricultural. In the Indus plain, the name Indus Means Ocean, the Indus, one of the immense rivers of the world, rises in Tibet. The Indus River basin is a large, productive plain formed by silt. Agricultural civilizations had been around this area for at least 5,000 years. (5) Pakistan is able to feed its population under usual climatic conditions, in the Indus river area due to fertile soil. (6) Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum. (7) These dams are important to the national economy and helped calm...
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...major, one of which took place in 1980s during the post emergency rule of Indira Gandhi (1980-1984), Rajeev Gandhi’s regime (1984-1989) and the other one started in 1991 during the congress government in the centre. Although the government has the more favourable condition during the earlier attempts (especially in Rajiv Gandhi regime, he came to the power with a clear cut majority, he had the sympathy from the large population of India after the assassination of his mother) but the extent to which the policies of liberalization was pursued after 1991 was incomparable to that of previous regimes. Even the World Bank in 1996 remarked that “the India has changed its developmental strategy fundamentally. Government initiatives since 1991 to restructure the basis of Indian economy have ended the four decades of planning and have initiated a quiet economic revolution”. Since the liberalization is a continuous process, the policy landscape continues to grow. New approaches on the policy on trade, foreign exchange, banking, industry, foreign investment and many others are the part of the evolving policies. Even the change of the government in power e.g. in 1996, 1998 and most...
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...Assessing and Planning Skills: Direct Assistance to Teachers The dynamic responsibilities of a supervisor demand a diverse skill set in order to effectively envision, communicate, plan, achieve, and reflect on the progress, or lack of, toward the school’s vision or mission statement. A pivotal component of this progression is a supervisor’s ability to effectively empower teachers and staff in their professional development by effectively evaluating the needs, styles, and preferences of the staff. With this in mind, this essay will compare and contrasts two strategies utilized to support teachers in their growth toward professional goals; clinical supervision and peer coaching. Further, this essay will identify the strengths and weaknesses of each model and how they use assessing and planning skills. Each model uniquely contributes to the supervisory process using diverse methods, developed in the educational community over the past six decades. The initial model of clinical supervision was outlined by Robert Goldhammer in 1969, included five steps the pre-observation, conference, observation, analysis and strategy, supervision conference, post-conference. In 1973, Morris Cogan elaborated on Goldhammer's work and described a clinical model of supervision consisting of eight steps, establishing the teacher-supervision relationship, planning with teacher, planning the strategy of observation, observing instruction, analyzing the teaching learning process, planning the strategy...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories UOP Theoretical Foundations of Nursing NUR/513 Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Nursing theory is relatively new and as such, it continues to evolve as new knowledge is gained. There are numerous theories of nursing, each of which took years to develop and most of which continue to evolve and adapt. There are commonalities between and among the existing theories although each may focus more heavily on different aspects of responsibilities. It has to do with the philosophical foundations for each theory. Moore, (Moore, 2008) reported a nursing metaparadigm of four basic concepts: "person, health, environment, and nursing." Another author suggested the core concepts of nursing theory and practice are caring, assessment, teaching and learning, collaboration, managing care, communication and professional behaviors, (Opperman Med Law Consulting, 2008). These core concepts as identified by these authors can be found in some fashion in all nursing theories. Orem commented that nurses could do nursing but they could not explain what nursing is (Hartweg, 1991). She was also interested in what conditions had to exist for a person to seek help from nurses (Hartweg, 1991). The first answer she determined was that people sought help when they could not care for themselves (Hartweg, 1991). Orem's work was inspired by those she considered big thinkers, like experts in philosophy, metaphysics and action...
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...SECTION A PERSONAL ATTRIBUTE VENSUS CAREER DEVELOPMENT Introduction Due to the change of social construction and production mechanism in Hong Kong, Knowledge-based Society is essential for the sustainability development of Hong Kong in the 21st century that cultivates talent labors (MediaDigest, RTHK, 2006). Recently, the globalization is allied and compounded around the world. It indicates the trend of “Whole People Education” for undergraduates to develop their own strategic vision and analytical technology for the externally globalized environment – social and economy (Y.K. Pang, HKIE, 2009). Integrated with the upward paragraph, this promotion has rapidly developed owing to the advocate of “Lifelong Learning” (executed by Tung Chee-hwa, the first Chief Executive of HKSAR). Based on the data generation, the percentage of growth rate of continuous education has increasing from 18 in 2002 to 28 in 2003 (Professor K.M. Yeung, HKU SPACE). In the literature aspects, “Lifelong Learning” is the recognition that learning may stretch out across a lifetime for anyone sustainability use and renew throughout each lifespan (Field, 2006). Based on Role of Reflection in Learning (Kolb, 1984), its operation is coordinated with 3 main items – (1) 1 Action, (2) Reflect on Experience; and (3) Conclude and Learn. For my own view, it could be comprehended with using the outcome of your lifespan to strengthen the core competence to make the continuous improvement...
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...| | ED 6001-8 | Dr. Sean Spear | | | Action Research for Education | Assignment 2 Sharing Sources | | | ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Faculty Use Only ------------------------------------------------- <Faculty comments here> ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- <Faculty Name> <Grade Earned> <Writing Score> <Date Graded> Assignment 2 Sharing Sources College readiness is a perennial issue, and one that will garner much attention. For several decades, researchers have documented the gap between high school and college expectations, noting that even students who complete a college preparatory curriculum in high school are often poorly prepared for college. This lack of alignment contributes to high postsecondary remediation rates and hinders college completion. Over the years, state policymakers and education leaders have responded with a variety of wide-ranging and costly efforts, including the development of state-level content standards and assessments. However, these standards vary widely among states and generally lack sufficient rigor to assure readiness for credit bearing courses in college. It is encouraging that states have adopted the English Language Arts and Mathematics standards...
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...Critique The Kern County Children and Families Commission (KCCFC) is one of many organizations created in response to the passage of Proposition 10 (The California Children and Families Act) in 1999. This proposition provides funding for efforts to provide all children, prenatal to five years, with a comprehensive system of early childhood developmental services. KCCFC created an initial strategic plan in 1999-2000, and has updated the plan twice on an annual basis. This critique reviews the second update which is dated September 4, 2002. The Executive Director and the board members were involved, along with representatives from the communities and the service providers. Community meetings were held to gather more input, and surveys were also given to service providers. A strategic planning workshop was held involving 65 people to develop a list of “issues, program areas, and objectives.” Vision and Mission Statements Strategic intent is defined as a “Big, Hairy, Audacious Goal” (Collins and Porras, 1996) that goes beyond the scope of a strategic plan for the next few years to a long-term goal that may take decades to reach. For KCCFC, the strategic intent is summed up in its vision statement: “[that] all Kern County children are born and thrive in supportive, safe, and loving homes and neighborhoods. They enter school healthy and ready to learn, and become productive, well-adjusted members of society.” The KCCFC vision statement is succinct and paints a picture...
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...When Peers Are Not Equals: The Relative Age Effect in the Classroom Abstract Relative age effects are differentiated experiences amongst children in the earliest years of primary school resulting from both a single, yearly cut-off date and an escalation of curriculum replacing socialization with skill acquisition activities as early as kindergarten before maturity differences by age have evened out. Implementation of three cut-off dates per class and the creation of individual student developmental planning reduces the potentially long lasting effects associated with relative age differences. This study aims to determine the existence of, and potential long lasting effects associated with, relative age differences. A background on the evolving framework of early elementary curriculum to that of a factory model emphasizing the development of the whole over the individual is included to underscore the ripe conditions for relative age effects to manifest themselves. If nothing is done, relatively younger students will continue to score noticeably lower in reading, math, and science testing throughout elementary and middle school. Pre-university program participation in high school and college enrollment will remain lower, on average, among the relative youngest. Lastly, implications for educational policy, administrations, parents, and teachers are evaluated. What if the date of someone’s birthday was a gift in it of itself? Suppose this gift was manifested...
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...Adrienne McIntosh Instructor: Stephanie J. Hawkins, Ph.D. HS5315: Professional & Scientific Ethics September 7, 2008 For this assignment, submit your Part 2: Analysis of Ethical Dilemma paper to your instructor, who will provide feedback. Papers should be submitted to the assignments section of the course and follow the required guidelines. In this second part of the project, provide an analysis of a hypothetical ethical dilemma that you have developed. Keep in mind that the hypothetical ethical dilemma you are analyzing should also be within the same work environment that you analyzed and submitted in Unit 5 for Part 1: Analysis of Work Environment. There are several substantial areas that you must consider in your analysis. The following questions will help you to begin your analysis of the ethical dilemma you have chosen. • What is the ethical dilemma and who are the individuals involved? Be sure to fully describe the dilemma and its context. • What are the main ethical concerns presented in the dilemma? What sources and references can you use to support your analysis? • How could you apply the theories and techniques of human service professions to a wide variety of ethical dilemmas? • What documentation would you provide for the Ethics committee if it were a real-life situation? What decision making process would you present to them upon review of this case? How would you define and relate...
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...approach used to identify performance breakdowns within an organizational system and appropriate interventions useful in achieving the desired performance results. When defining performance management one needs to be able to look into the cyclical approach of performance management. Performance management is about more than just managing or documenting annual goals. It is important because it is an ongoing partnership between an employee and a manager that helps guide performance and development within their company. To get a better understanding of the best used practices and current trends within performance management, this research will briefly discuss successful practices used among companies that utilize the four main components of performance management which are, planning, coaching, providing feedback and the performance review. Best Practiced Trends in Performance Management Today’s world is continually changing and expectations are on the rise. Managing employee performance is essential in helping companies meet these expectations. Many companies have adopted the performance management process in order to monitor and improve performance within the workplace. The goal of performance management is to guarantee each employee possesses the knowledge, skills, abilities, motivation, and organizational support to complete their daily tasks effectively and efficiently. Performance management riles on performance, causal analysis to identify current and desired...
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...Shaping the Future According to Popper, Lempert, & Bankes (2005), scientific uncertainty often becomes an excuse to ignore long-term problems, such as climate change. It does not have to be so. In everyday life, responsible people look out for the long term despite the needs of the here and now: we do homework, we save for retirement, and we take out insurance. The same principles should surely apply to society as a whole. But how can leaders weigh the present against the future? How can they avoid retrenchment by scientific uncertainty? Analysts have turned to techniques such as scenario planning that involve exploring different possible futures rather than gambling on a single prediction. This article speaks largely on technological innovations shaping the future. One needs to see how this approach works in practice and figure out what exactly the computer should calculate (Popper et al., 2005). The writer is in agreeance that the future is uncertain and the world is facing many challenges. Analysts are researching ways to preserve the environment, safeguard the future of social security, and shield against terrorism and manage the effects of novel technology. Popper et al. (2005) suggests that there should be constructed, rigorous, and systemic methods for dealing with deep uncertainty. Using computers and technological innovations was one of these researchers’ primary solutions. As the future will always be uncertain, Morselli (2013) reports we must assume...
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...University of Aberdeen Examination for the Degree of MA AC1009: Accounting and Accountability Wednesday 26 January 2011, 15.00 – 17.00, Games Hall, Butchart Centre Session 2010-2011 Rubric: Answer all questions from SECTION A, and two from the SECTION B. SECTION A (Answer all questions from this section) Question 1 (20 sub questions 2 marks each, total 40 marks) Select the correct answer (only one choice is correct) 1.1 The main purpose of a _______________ is to generate surpluses and use the wealth for social and community objectives. a. partnership b. sole proprietorship c. not-for-profit organisation d. private limited liability company 1.2 According to the Companies Act 2006, the _____________ are required to prepare a _____________ report. a. shareholders, business prospect b. auditors, business review c. stakeholders, business prospect d. directors, business review 1.3 In a partnership, the partners make decisions collectively and are accountable to one another. This is a form of ________________ accountability. a. hierarchical b. market c. legal d. participatory 1.4 The directors are responsible for filing the company’s accounts and reports with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). a. True b. False 1.5 ___________________ is a network-based organisation which develops the framework for voluntary sustainability reporting. a. Global Reporting Initiative b. Global Sustainability Reporting c. Global Environmental Reporting d. Global Voluntary...
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...Journal of Social Development in Africa (1996), 11.1.33-42 Social Work Education for Social Development * M GRAY, F MAZIBUKO & F O'BRIEN ** ABSTRACT Social work as a profession has an obligation to respond to and, if necessary create, societal agendas. Social development is clearly on the current societal agenda. This paper examines the different emphases and levels of social development and advocates a broad perspective of the concept. The relationship between social development and social work is then explored. Shared values and goals augur well for a constructive relationship. Finally the paper addresses the importance of education for social workers to participate in social development initiatives. Teaching and practice curricula are discussed as well as different levels of training. The paper concludes with recommendations for future networking, both between educators and disciplines, and research and literature. Introduction According to Ira Goldenberg, professions are shaped by the social and political realities of their time and by the societies of which they are a part (Franklin, 1990). This is clearly evident...
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...Why has the idea of competency become so important and outline its application to staff undertaking international assignments? Introduction Competency is defined as a constitution of a specific set of attributes such as knowledge, skills, attitudes and other characteristics (KSAO) people processes in which they use in accomplishing their tasks (Velde 2009). In general, competency is made up of three components. Firstly the KSAOs that contribute to successful and effective job performances, secondly, KSAOs can be evaluated, in other words they must be measurable and observable, and lastly, through KSAOs, managers are able to distinguish the superiors performers form others. Importance of competency Armstrong (2010) explains that ‘competency represent the language of performance. They can articulate the expected outcomes from individual efforts and from the manner in which the activities are carried out. Because everyone in the organization can learn to speak this language, competencies provide a common universally understood means of describing performance in many different contexts.’ Competency based approaches takes the view of the abilities of employees to shift between jobs as well as proficiencies in the associated tasks for various positions. The human resources managers need to identify the KSAOs that are essential for the organization to achieve its strategic goals. Traditionally, competency based approaches identifies the required KSAOs regardless of jobs, however...
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