...content. “The Web is fundamentally designed to work for all people, whatever their hardware, software, language, culture, location, or physical or mental ability” (Accessibility - W3C). When design to a website achieves all that the web can offer to those with disabilities then accessibility standards goals have been met. Why we have Standards The Internet should be accessible to everyone and website development must consider the different kinds of access needed. The W3C “Introduction to Web Accessibility” describes accessibility scope as: “Web accessibility encompasses all disabilities that affect access to the Web, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities” (Introduction to Web Accessibility). Even those that aren’t classified as individuals with disabilities can benefit by these standards. The functionality of a site designed to accommodate the disabled can also help those who have a temporary injury or even those who are aging and losing sight, hearing, and mobility. For government websites the importance is a large focus to serve individuals with disabilities more effectively. Based on the U.S. Department of Justice Disability Rights Section: “The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and, if the government entities receive Federal funding, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, generally require that state and local governments provide qualified...
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...Section 320 IPC – An Appraisal Dr. Dasari Harish, Prof & Head; Dr. K H Chavali, Assoc. prof; Dr. Amandeep Singh & Dr. Ajay Kr, Asst. Profs Dept. Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh – 160030 Correspondence: dasariharish@gmail.com Abstract: S. 320 defines grievous hurt and lists eight kinds of hurt which it lables as “grievous”. These clauses are not mutually exclusive, for there can be injuries which may fall in more than one clause. However, the list is exhaustive in the sense that, the framers of the Code have used the term “only”, while listing the type of hurts which they designated as “grievous”. To make out the offence of voluntarily causing grievous hurt, there must be a specific hurt, voluntarily inflicted, and coming within any of the eight kinds enumerated in this section. A simple hurt cannot be designated as grievous simply because it was on a vital part of the body, unless the dimensions or the nature of the injury or its effects are such that it actually endangers life. In the backdrop of the verdicts by the Hon’ble courts wherein it was held that the extent of the hurt and the intention of offender should be considered to determine whether a given hurt is grievous, an attempt is made in this article to review the Section with a view to put forward certain fallacies. These, need to be addressed to, in tune with the changing times and in accordance with the modern trends of treatment...
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...Policies and procedures are put in to place by the governing body, in order to ensure that children with special educational needs are treat justly and are given the same valued opportunities and other individuals in the mainstream educational setting. The special educational need and disability code of practice (SEND) has recently been updated (2014) in order to support individuals from birth to twenty-five years old. The framework states that it will ‘provide equality, opportunity and enable high achievement’ for children with special educational needs. The SEND framework specifies that a child with a special educational need ‘can achieve well in their early years’ providing that they are given the appropriate support and inclusive care in their educational setting. The framework also articulates that practitioners should stretch targets of a child with autism and encourage them to have high ambitions; By doing so it ensures that children are given the same individual opportunities as other individuals who do not have any educational needs, giving a child the same opportunities also means that they are included in the educational setting....
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...cases of harassment. The law safeguards both the employees as well as the applicants applying for the job. The law states that no employer can take recruitment decision solely on the basis of the caste, color, creed, gender, or origin of the applicant. The company or employer cannot favor anyone on the basis of these factors while selecting or promoting. Also the employer cannot assign any task to the employee on the basis of these factors. The employer has no right to determine the remuneration of an employee on the basis of these factors. He cannot terminate the services of any worker on the basis of these factors. Also the employer is not supposed to show favoritism for paying perquisites, plan of sequestration, and leave on account of disability. The most important consideration in this law is that employer cannot harass the employee on the basis of any of these factors i.e. caste, color, creed,...
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...Disability Discrimination Act 1992 Act No. 135 of 1992 as amended This compilation was prepared on 8 January 2010 taking into account amendments up to Act No. 124 of 2009 The text of any of those amendments not in force on that date is appended in the Notes section The operation of amendments that have been incorporated may be affected by application provisions that are set out in the Notes section Prepared by the Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing, Attorney-General’s Department, Canberra Contents Part 1—Preliminary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12A 13 14 1 Short title [see Note 1].......................................................................1 Commencement [see Note 1].............................................................1 Objects...............................................................................................1 Interpretation .....................................................................................2 Direct disability discrimination .........................................................8 Indirect disability discrimination.......................................................9 Discrimination in relation to associates .............................................9 Discrimination in relation to carers, assistants, assistance animals and disability aids...............................................................10 Carer, assistant, assistance animal and disability aid definitions.........................................
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...impairments, difficulty in speech and repetitive behavior. Despite all odds of being born as a troubled child, Temple Grandin manages to pass all school levels and earn her doctorate degree. The paper is about the determination and spirit of being acknowledged in the society where everyone rejects a person carrying any severe disability. Temple Grandin, who could not use words to express herself and could not even speak for several years in the beginning had this astonishing power of creating images of the world and people near to her in her mind and express her views in pictorial form and recalling them without thought. She developed an immense love for animals, especially livestock destined for slaughterhouses. The paper is about how well a person get out of a state of ridicule for others and proves her extraordinary skills of communication and intelligence on preconceived norms of autism. The paper also narrates the extensive work of Temple Grandin on cattle and livestock industry where she employed her unique view of the world to figure out how to deal and move cattle more humanely and efficiently. The social life of Temple Grandin starts with her loving and kind mother, followed by a very supportive teacher at a progressive boarding school which understands the Temple way of thinking and visualizing things around her in pictures. This unique ability of hers make her fond of animals whose reactions and moods seem to mirror her own. The paper is a detailed analysis on the life of...
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...The meaning of personality has so a lot of different meanings, the as the soul of an individual can provide the personality of a person, for example self awareness of traits and feature makes and a person. A person’s soul may as well specify that individual’s personality whether the person is a shy person and really timid or an extrovert who is a social butterfly with a lot of friends. In apprehension personality each of these persons falling under either of these classes would be unequally unlike as there are other traits that will mole a person and make the person unequaled from other people. A few personalities will have correlations that will associate persons nevertheless; the similarities won't make the two people the equivalent individual in affiliation. A personality may build from a lot of dissimilar elements culture, atmosphere, Cognition, parents, educators, beliefs, and star divination. There was an report which put up data on psychoanalytic therapy advising that Freud considered the base of a individual's personality is form in developmental levels beginning from former childhood focused on fine and obnoxious experiences.(2004,Buisness Weekly). One crucial characteristic that will specify Cynthia’s personality is emotion. Acknowledging what a person is retrieving or what the person is experiencing is always crucial for Cynthia. Cynthia’s personality description is as complies; social, fun loving, appease, and merciful human who lives for the moment and delights fresh...
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...Entrepreneurs with Disability in Uganda By Rebecca Namatovu1, Samuel Dawa, Fiona Mulira and Celestine Katongole Makerere University Business School Kampala, Uganda ICBE-RF Research Report No. 31/12 Investment Climate and Business Environment Research Fund (ICBE-RF) www.trustafrica.org/icbe Dakar, July 2012 1 Contact: rybekaz@yahoo.com This research was supported by a grant from the Investment Climate and Business Environment (ICBE) Research Fund, a collaborative initiative of TrustAfrica and IDRC. It’s a working paper circulated for discussion and comments. The findings and recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the ICBE-RF Secretariat, TrustAfrica or IDRC Executive Summary This report addresses entrepreneurship activity among Persons with Disability in Uganda and their potential to contribute to economic development. Data was collected from Entrepreneurs with Disabilities (EWDs) in Kampala using mixed methods research. In the study we sought to answer questions about the environment, business activities EWDs are involved in, attitudes towards business, their motivations, challenges and growth aspirations. Key findings were that the majority of the EWDs are involved in retail trade. Most of them had started their own businesses using their own savings and had previously closed a business because it wasn’t profitable. Most of their businesses weren’t registered because they said they didn’t need to yet the majority of those...
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...important role both in learning to read and in comprehending text. Readers cannot understand text without knowing what the words they are reading mean. Although we did not find as much research as hoped, we did find a wide variety of articles that examined the impact that vocabulary instruction has on reading. Many of the articles that we found explained a variety of ways to improve vocabulary instruction that would in turn increase vocabulary development. Some studies looked at emerging language skills such as alliteration, rhyming, segment blending and letter-word identification. Others focused more on decoding, word knowledge and word recognition. Other variables considered included age, gender, race or ethnicity, household income, disability and even parental intelligence. All of these variables were assessed to find a connection or link to reading comprehension. The articles included many variables that could impact overall vocabulary knowledge and development. It was difficult to pin point which variable had the biggest impact on vocabulary development with the end result of improved reading comprehension. Majority of the research found was conducted...
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...with disabilities in higher education institutions in Andhra Pradesh Introduction Article 45(a) of the Constitution of India has guaranteed education as a fundamental right for every citizen. For this the government of India has been taking steps for equalization of educational opportunities to its entire people since independence (Das, 2000). In this respect, it is apt to think about students in higher education with special educational needs such as visual, hearing, locomotor and intellectually abled/disabled, who are experiencing difficulties in pursuing higher education. According to the Persons with Disability Act 1995, students with disabilities should have access to education all levels including higher education and it also giving 3% reservation in all higher education institutions in India. And the University Grants Commission has already attempted to facilitate better accessibility in higher education for persons with disabilities to achieve better results by giving special grants. But out 348 universities in India only 54 Universities and colleges were identified by UGC to grant funds for making friendly /accessible environment for differently abled students with in the campus. In India most of the universities are not in a position to take the initiative or responsibility to create friendly environment for students with disabilities, due to their uncertainties like lack co-ordination, awareness about the policies and needs of students with disabilities. As result...
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...Professor Riep CHN 495 13 December 2013 Discrimination toward Disabled Students in China Disabled students, anywhere in the world, arguably have faced at least some discrimination when it comes to gaining an education. Either they are assumed to be a distraction to the learning process, not able to keep up with the material, or struggle to interact socially with other students. This is a global issue, where activists for the disabled community worldwide have strived to promote equality, enabling students with any type of disability to be able to function in a mainstream school and to be fully integrated without discrimination in any way. This paper will specifically explore the situation in China, discussing in general all types of possible disabilities (physical, visual, hearing, mental, etc.). It will reveal how the Chinese government has been involved in developing the foundation for equal rights in education, how disabled students and their families are treated by the community and schools, and how effective school administrators and the community have attempted to merge both abled and disabled students into one classroom. Research clearly indicates that discrimination towards disabled students still exists in China, yet through proper training of teachers and school officials and a nation-wide effort to adapt to each other’s needs, disabled students will indeed be able to function equally in the mainstream school system. In regards to the established education system...
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...the application requests routine biographical information, work experience, qualifications, and sometimes personal information (from finances to hobbies). Care is taken to meet guidelines of fair employment legislation. A common selection technique is to require that the applicant submit the names of several references who can testify to the applicant's abilities, or to provide several letters of recommendation. The major limitation of letters of recommendation is that they tend to be rather positive regardless of the qualities of the applicant, since the applicant often can choose who writes the letters. Often the selection process includes tests of mental ability, aptitude, motor ability, and personality. (Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, physical characteristics can only be tested if all...
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...construct of disability by focusing on eugenics and language. In addition to the medical and social model of disability, segregation and the oppression of disability. Furthermore the Medias influence on social constructs. Within the United Kingdom there are an estimated 9 million disabled adults. (Office for Disability Issues updated Department for Work and Pensions estimates based on Family Resources survey 2009/10). Despite the high number, people with impairments are treated as a separate homogenous group to the rest of society. Firstly, to understand where we are today with disability as a social construction I will provide a historical account of disability in western society. To pinpoint precisely the origins of society’s attitude towards disability and disabled people would be almost impossible (Barton 1996). One theory that has been suggested, is that the view that our perceptions of impairments and disability are influenced by psychological fear of the unknown, the anomalous and the abnormal (Barton 1996 cites Douglas 1966). Historically, disability has been a source of oppression where disabled people have been socially excluded from many areas of social life. The exclusion can be traced back to an era when biblically ideas formed of society. The religious model of disability produced notions of what was acceptable and not acceptable; this included the exclusion of imperfections of the body. Imperfect bodies were presented as immoral and disability was perceived...
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...because of her poisonous nature.So professor gives him the antidote for Beatric to get rid of her Poisonous body which is isolated her.But the story ends tragically when Beatric falls into death. Analysis of Rappaccini`s daughter In ‘’Rappaccini`s Daughter ‘’,Nathaniel Hawthorn examines the combination of good and evil In people through the relationship of story`s main characters.Once Giovanni finds out that she is poisonous he hates her because he is unable to separate her poisonous body from her pure,spiritual and innocent soul.So it is Giovanni`s disability to see Beatric through her soul,eventually leads to Beatrice`s death.In other words Giovanni kills her. Rappaccini`s Daughter is an allegorical to the Garden of Eden where Adam and Eve were Satan who misguided them .So it is important to note that the characters Giovanni and Beatric symbolizes Adam and Eve. Dr.Rappaccini plays God but in an evil way because whit this kind of creation he destroys his daughter`s life.During the story Giovanni because of his contact with Beartic he becomes poisonous as Dr. Rappaccini wishes. Although the body of Beatrice is on the stage of corruption but her soul remain pristine...
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...contract labour and outsourcing? Which is better option and why? Ans. Neither the term “Contract Labour” nor the term “outsourcing” has been defined under Contract Labour Act.The intention of ultimate net result of both the terms appears to be same. Term “outsourcing” has been coined very intelligently to create confusion between the two. “Contract Labour” is a term which is applied to man power engaged by somebody else to produce a given result to principal employer where this man power has no direct relationship of employer-employee with the principal employer. This includes the simple supply of manpower to principal employer by contractor where contractor is not involved in specified activity. “Outsourcing” conveys more or less same meaning. When an employer engages somebody else to deliver a specified result where employer is not involved with the man power engagement or supervision or control activity over such man power. If any activity which is outsourced to someone and carried outside the premises of the principal employer, such manpower engaged will not be termed as “workman” under Contractor Labour Act. It is not the nomenclature of the term but the real intent to decide when it is a Contract Labour or outsourcing. It can also be said like contract labour reflect manpower where as outsourcing reflects the job or the activity. Bombay High Court in the case of Sudhir Kondiram Jadhav (2002 I CLR 97) has held that workers employed by agencies will be the Contract Labour...
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