...Task 2, Community Health (C228) Edward Croston Western Governors University Task 2, Community Health (C228) MEASLES Measles was at one time in the not too distant past, a killer of those that became infected. Measles has been around for centuries. The first published, written account of the disease was in the ninth century by a Persian doctor. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website on measles, it was not until 1757 that a Scottish physician, named Francis Home, proved that something infectious in the blood was causing the disease. By the early 1900’s, the United States began requiring every healthcare provider and laboratory to report all identified cases, with approximately 6,000 deaths being related to measles each year. Almost all children contracted the disease by the time they were the age of 15, with an estimated yearly infection rate of three to four million United States citizens. Each year, it is estimated, 400 to 500 people died from measles, 48,000 hospitalized, and 4,000 developing encephalitis as a side effect of the disease. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was made available to the public in 1963. The MMR has significantly reduced the reported cases of measles. In the year 2000 measles was declared eradicated in the United States. But since then, the disease has returned from time to time. ("Measles History," 2014, p. 2) Measles is a virus that has an incubation period of approximately 14 days. It is known...
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...Community Health and PopulationFocused Nursing Task 2 Laurie Webster 000515728 January 3, 2016 Requirements: A. Analyze the selected communicable disease outbreak ( suggested length of 2–3 pages) by doing the following: Measles Measles are a highly contagious disease and the first documented case was in the 9th century. According to the History of Vaccine website measles were first discovered in the US in 1657 in Boston, Massachusetts. ( http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/measles ). It is caused by the paramyxovirus family. This virus affects the mucous membranes then spreads to the rest of the body. Before vaccinations measles cause 2.6 million deaths. ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/ ) The spread of measles is highly contagious and is transmitted from one person to the next through coughing and sneezing. In 2014, there was an outbreak of measles in the US caused by travelers from the Philippines. Measles crosses the borders when one infected person travels over the border and transmits the disease. ( http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html ) Epidemiological Determinants Measles are highly contagious in the unvaccinated person and is spread through contact of nasal and throat secretions. This could be from coughing or sneezing, also through direct contact. The virus remains contagious for up to 2 hours on surfaces and in the air...
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...VWT Task 2 MB WGU 1.The measles is a very contagious viral illness. In 2002, USA announced that measles virus was eradicated in our country. Despite the fact, that the world has made enormous progress in the fight against measles in the last decade, this virus seems to be attacking and killing people again. The measles outbreak started in the Disneyland California in December of 2014. It is still unknown, who brought the virus to the “Happiest place on earth”, but according to the CDC, measles most likely was brought to the park by an infected foreign visitor (Centers For Disease Control and Prevention .Measles Cases and Outbreaks, 2015). The virus was first reported on December 28, 2014 in the case of a not immunized 11-year-old child. On January 5, 2015 four additional measles cases in California and two in Utah were linked to the Disneyland in Orange County. From December 28, 2014 to March 15, 2015 total of 125 people from several states including California, WA, AC, CO, NE, UA were reported to be infected with the same measles virus. After further virus examination, CDC determined that this virus is linked to measles genotype B3 2014 epidemic outbreak in Philippines. In the last six months, same measles virus was also reported in Mexico, Canada and 12 other countries around the globe( Centers For Disease Control and Prevention .Measles Outbreak — California, December 2014–February 2015). 2a. The measles virus remains in the infected person...
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...Communicable Disease Outbreak (Measles) Community Health Task 2 Western Governors University Carissa J Dugan Student ID: 000468111 August 20, 2015 Measles was discovered in the 19th century by a Persian Doctor, but was not recognized until 1957 as an infectious agent in human blood by a Scottish physician. In 1912 measles became a notifiable disease and in the first decade that records were kept there was on average 6,000 deaths per year reported from the disease. (Center For Disease Control). There is no definite origination of measles but scientists believe that it dates back to the Roman Empire about the 11th and 12th century (NCBI, 2010). The first outbreak known in America was in 1657 in Boston, Massachusetts. The disease spread quickly through the town and eventually believed to be the source of further infections nationwide. (The History Of Vaccines). A decade prior to a vaccine being developed it was estimated that all children would get the disease by the age of 15 (Center For Disease Control). It was not until 1964 a vaccine was developed to help eradicate the disease. John F. Enders and Dr. Thomas C. Peebles is credited with creating the vaccine, he was able to collect blood samples from the infected in Boston and was successful in isolating the measles virus in an infected 13 year old boy named David Edmundson. (Center For Disease Control). However it was not until 1968 that the vaccine was ready for use and distributed (Center...
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...Kayla Redd, RN WGU VWT1 Student ID 339433 Task 2 The potential for global health crises is a real threat to community populations all over the world. Advancing technology and modes of travel allow populations that prior had no or little contact, now have the ability to interact. Despite the advances in technology, global health is still lacking in vaccinations and prevention of communicable diseases. Many diseases are preventable through vaccination. Vaccines, by definition, is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease . Vaccines typically are the most effective way to fight or eliminated infectious diseases. Vaccines have limitations due to various clinical factors like steroid use, chemotherapy, HIV, age or diabetes. For a vaccine to have optimal effect, a person needs to complete the scheduled vaccination regimen as well as obtain the appropriate boosters as scheduled. Vaccine efficacy is dependent on the disease, the vaccine strain, if the vaccination schedule has been adhered to, immune response to vaccination, and assorted factors such as ethnicity, age, or genetic predisposition. Some individuals are nonresponders to certain vaccines, meaning that they do not generate antibodies despite being vaccinated correctly. “If a vaccinated individual does develop the disease vaccinated against, the disease is likely to be less virulent than in unvaccinated victims.” (Préziosi, 2003). There are multiple types of vaccine: inactivated...
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...COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT TASK 2 Measles is a virus that is spread by droplets through coughing and sneezing or by contact on surfaces. People infected with measles are contagious up to four days before and after the measles rash appears. Measles is highly contagious, 9 out of 10 people that come in contact with the measles virus will contract it. The highly contagious nature of measles makes widespread infection a very real threat to those who are not vaccinated (Transmission of Measles, 2014). Measles is fatal in about one case in 1,000. As with chickenpox, once an individual has had the measles, they have lifelong immunity (Facts About the Measles Outbreak, 2015). Signs and symptoms of measles include cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis and a high fever. Koplik spots in the mouth appear two to three days after the first symptoms and the measles rash appears three to five days after the first symptoms. The fever may spike with the appearance of the rash. Symptoms will then begin to subside and the rash will slowly disappear (Signs and Symptoms, 2015). A measles outbreak occurred in California between December 2014 and February 2015. The first patient was reported to be an unvaccinated 11-year-old who had recently visited Disney in Orange County, California. Several more cases were reported in California and in Utah. The common factor between these patients was the visit to Disney between December 17th and 20th. Between December 2014 and February 2015 there...
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...Unit 21: Biomedical science techniques Assignment one Task one Bacteria Virus Fungi Protozoa Structure Structure of bacteria includes a cell wall made up of glycoprotein murein, a plasma membrane made up of proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates which make a fluid mosaic. It also consists of cytoplasm, ribosome which is small granule made up of protein and RNA, plasmid that are a small circle of DNA, flagella which has a rigid rotating tail, Pilli which has small protein appendages and a capsule that has a slim layer covering the outside of the cell. Viruses are smaller than bacteria. Some viruses have DNA while others contain RNA. They have a nucleic acid that is ringed around a coat called a capsid that’s made up of protein. The body of a fungus are made up of small filaments named hyphae. A fungus contains cytoplasm and nuclei. Characteristics Rod-shaped known as bacillus, round shape which...
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...284 I The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Control of communicable diseases 7 This measles 'jab' will help prevent this child from the consequences of measles such as pneumonia, malnutrition, blindness and brain disease. Photo:Marko Kokic,Canadian Red Cross Control of communicable diseases in emergencies Description This chapter gives an overview of common and emerging communicable disease threats among displaced populations because of natural and human-made disasters. General and disease-specific strategies for monitoring, preventing and controlling disease outbreaks are discussed. Learning objectives To review communicable diseases of public health importance; To discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; To plan a communicable disease control programme for emergency settings; To discuss simple but effective ways of preventing outbreaks of communicable diseases; To describe how to manage specific disease outbreaks in emergency settings; To review re-emerging and other diseases that may affect displaced populations; To discuss how to monitor and evaluate communicable disease control programmes. Key competencies Identify communicable diseases of public health importance; Discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; Discuss how to design and evaluate disease control...
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...in the body fluids of an infected person (semen and vaginal fluids, blood and breast milk). The virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivering the baby during childbirth, and through breast feeding. HIV can be transmitted in many ways, such as vaginal, oral sex, anal sex, blood transfusion, and contaminated hypodermic needles. Both the virus and the disease are often referred to together as HIV/AIDS. People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. As a result, some will then develop AIDS. The development of numerous opportunistic infections in an AIDS patient can ultimately lead to death. 2. Measles Measles is a highly infectious illness caused by a virus. The virus lives in the mucus of the nose and throat of people with this infection. Physical contact, coughing and sneezing can spread the infection. In addition, infected droplets of mucus can remain active and contagious for around two hours. This means that the virus can live outside the body - for example, on surfaces and door handles. 3. Tloubercosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that is caused by...
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...book. Part One: - From Eden to Cajamarca Chapter 1. Up to the Starting Line Evolution is explained, relating us and our “ancestors” of many centuries ago. Primates such as gorillas are said to be our closest relatives. Africa presides as the homeland for all species. Neanderthals have always been viewed as mindless, mentally deranged creatures. Fifty years ago, The Great Leap Forward was like a big advancement in technology. Hominids also began to spread across New Guinea and Australia. The larger animals that failed to attain protection qualities against other predators during evolution died out and became extinct. Eurasia also occured. It became the more advanced between them and Africa, although Africa started out on top. Chapter 2. A Natural Experiment of History The Maori and Moriori descended from Polynesians,...
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...Qualification | Unit number and title | BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care (QCF) | Unit 12: Public Health | Learner name | Assessor name | | Karen Paish | Duration | 6 hours | | Date issued | Hand in deadline | Marked work returned | Resubmission deadline | 23.5.16 | 6.6.16 | 14.6.16 | 28.6.16 | All resubmissions must be authorised by the Lead Internal Verifier. Only one resubmission is possible per assignment, providing: * The learner has met initial deadlines set in the assignment, or has met an agreed deadline extension. * The tutor considers that the learner will be able to provide improved evidence without further guidance. * Evidence submitted for assessment has been authenticated and accompanied by a signed and dated declaration of authenticity by the learner.Any resubmission evidence must be submitted within 10 working days of receipt of results of assessment. | Assignment Title | Health Protection and Promotion | Learning Outcome | 3 Understand how public health is promoted and protected | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. | Criteria reference | Criteria Achieved | Comments | P5 | Y / N | | P6 | Y / N | | M3 | Y / N | | D2 | Y / N | | Assessor Feedback | | Resubmission AgreedY / N | On Time Y/N | Lead IV Signature & Date: | | | Capable of upgrade Y/N | IV Signature & Date: | | Assessor Declaration | I certify that the...
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...Call Express Call Express is a call center firm which provides an answer or giving directions to the callers question. OSH Program 1. Overview Contains awareness and recognizes the health and safety issues including lifestyle-related disease, associated with outsourcing of work, and are promoting programs that will ensure the health and safety of workers in the industry. 2. Responsibility Managers and employees each have specific responsibilities, which are described in this section. Fulfilling these responsibilities is a good way to establish due diligence. 2.1 CEOs: * Providing a safe and healthful workplace. * Establishing and maintaining a health and safety program. * Ensuring workers are trained or certified, as required. * Providing medical and first aid facilities. 2.2 Managers: * Familiarize yourself with the OHS program and ensure its effective implementation in the restaurant. * Enforce all company safety rules consistently and fairly. * Provide safety training to employees before assigning duties. * Conduct monthly health and safety meetings and inspections. * Inspect work areas often to detect unsafe conditions and work practices. * 2.3 Employees: * Never knowingly put yourself or others at risk. * Participate in inspections and investigations where applicable. * Work with care and attention at all times. * Encourage coworkers to work safely. * Always check that guards and safety devices on equipment...
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...disorders (ASD) also include the related conditions Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS, which have fewer signs and symptoms.” Back in the 1900’s, Autism had been confused with schizophrenia. “For year people thought that autism was from one single cause”. A Dr. named Eugene Bleuler, identified a pattern in schizophrenia behaviors which he called self-absorbed. This is when he decided to label it as autism. He was not the very first person to actually identify and recognize the behavior as being different from schizophrenia. Leo Kanner was the very first person to recognize autism as having behaviors of its own. He observed 11 children and noticed that these children had sensitivity to sound and food, had trouble with certain task, and they were not very intellect. After his observation he labeled these children as having early infantile autism. A Dr. named Hans Asperger also observed a group of autistic children and noticed that they had some of the same signs and symptoms as the Asperger’s syndrome which includes: lack of social skills, lack of empathy, focus on a particular topic, lack of motor skills and physical coordination. In the 50’s and 60’s Drs believed that autism was caused by detached or uncaring mothers. But this was later found out to be false based on Dr. Bettelheim’s observations. Later autism was proven to be a biological condition. NATURE “Autism is a severe disorder that prevails right from the birth. Seizure disorders...
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...philosophy teachers owe it to our students to teach them how to construct and defend an argument – and to recognize when a belief has become indefensible. The problem with “I’m entitled to my opinion” is that, all too often, it’s used to shelter beliefs that should have been abandoned. It becomes shorthand for “I can say or think whatever I like” – and by extension, continuing to argue is somehow disrespectful. And this attitude feeds, I suggest, into the false equivalence between experts and non-experts that is an increasingly pernicious feature of our public discourse. Firstly, what’s an opinion? Plato distinguished between opinion or common belief (doxa) and certain knowledge, and that’s still a workable distinction today: unlike “1+1=2” or “there are no square circles,” an opinion has a degree of subjectivity and uncertainty to it. But...
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