...6RFLDO&RQGLWLRQ *HQHUDOFRQGLWLRQVRIWKHSHRSOH )HXGDOLVPZDVWKHGRPLQDWLQJIHDWXUHRIWKHVRFLHW\ 7KHUHZDVDJUHDWGLVSDULW\LQWKHVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJRIWKH SHRSOH7KHPLQLVWHUVRIILFLDOVIHXGDOFKLHIVDQGWKRVH KDYLQJWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRDFFXPXODWHZHDOWKOLYHGLQ OX[XU\DQGVSOHQGRU7KH\DGRUQHGWKHLUERGLHVZLWKFRVWO\ FORWKHV&KLQHVHVLONMHZHOVDQGRUQDPHQWVRIJROGDQG VLOYHU7KH\OLYHGLQLPSRVLQJKRXVHVRIVHYHUDOVWRUH\V FRPSHWLQJZLWKWKHJUDQGHXURISDODFHV $WUDLQRIVHUYDQWVDWWHQGHGWRWKHLUQHHGVDQGFRPIRUWV DQGDODUJHQXPEHURIZRPHQLQWKHLUKRXVHKROGJORULILHG WKHLUVXSHUVWDWXV7KHRUGLQDU\SHRSOHKDGWRUHPDLQ FRQWHQGHGZLWKULFHDQGZLOGYHJHWDEOHVWKDWWKH\FRXOG SURFXUH7KHSHDVDQWVZHUHEXUGHQHGZLWKWKHODQG UHYHQXHDQGRWKHUWD[HVOHYLHGDWWKHZKLPVRIWKHIHXGDO ORUGV%HVLGHVWKH\KDGWRUHQGHUIRUFHGODERXU &DVWHV\VWHP 'XULQJWKLVSHULRGWKHGLVDELOLWLHVZKLFKWKHORZHUFDVWHV VXIIHUHGLQFUHDVHG0RVWRIWKHZRUNHUVOLNHZHDYHUV ILVKHUPHQEDUEHUVHWFDVZHOODVWULEDOZHUHWUHDWHGYHU\ KDUVKO\5DMSXW¶VDVDQHZFDVWHKDGDSSHDUHGRQWKH VFHQH,QFRXUVHRIWLPHDOOUXOLQJIDPLOLHVEHORQJLQJWR YDULRXVFDVWHVZHUHFODVVLILHGDV5DMSXW¶V &RQGLWLRQRIZRPHQ :RPHQVXIIHUHGIURPVHYHUDOKDQGLFDSVDOWKRXJKWKHLU KRQRXUZDVYHU\GHDUWRWKH5DMSXW¶V7KH\FRQWLQXHGWREH ,QGLD'XULQJWKH5DMSXW3HULRG KWWS ZZZKLVWRU\GLVFXVVLRQQHWKLVWRU\RILQGLDLQGLDGXULQJWKHUDMSXWSHULRG GHQLHGWKHULJKWWRVWXG\WKH9HGDV+RZHYHUIDPLOLHVRI...
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...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...
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...rise of Macedonia as the dominant power in the region. Eventually, the social structure in the Classical Period became somewhat of a democracy and an open society which we have emulated in the United States (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). Many other wars occurred over the course of the Classical Period, and this culture of war contributed to the realism of the art of the time. The brutality of war and the effects it had on Greek society inspired artists to focus on man, rational thinking, and logic (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). Greek artists in the 5th century, BC began to realistically imitate humans and animals through art (Boardman, 2012). These Greek artists gained a better understanding of anatomy and the human body’s mechanics, giving them the ability to realistically render the human form in multiple positions without appearing awkward. Logic was valued over emotion in sculptures. This means that facial expressions were typically emotionless, unless the person/deity being portrayed was considered barbaric, in which case, emotional characteristics took over the face of the sculpture (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). The Middle Ages The time period of the Middle Ages fell between the 5th and 15th centuries. Although medieval life is glamorized by film, life in this time period was not as...
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...Christianity and Medieval Literature The Middle Ages saw a great influence of Christianity on the literature of that time. Christianity also saw a period of growth and its influences on literature were also very notable. The Medieval Period was a time of significant social revolution and this is often reflected in the literature of that age. This can be seen by observing the principles of the time, and exploring the literature which addresses them. By analyzing the religious, political and societal ideals, the reader can see how these influenced the literature during this time period. The Medieval Period was a time in history that lasted from the 5th Century to the 16th Century. Through the early Middle Ages, literacy was often essential for entry into religious orders and even nuns were compelled to meet this requirement. However, the only people trained to read and write properly were those who were high church officials and monks. Society was centered mainly on the Medieval Church. However, the Church became corrupted but more at the higher levels. Geoffrey Chaucer illustrated this in his writings, “Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.” He exposes this in his prologue by his use of satire in regards to the religious figures. Using a naïve “Chaucer the Pilgrim” to describe them, he points out that certain characters, namely the Prioress and the Monk, are not as they should be. Although he does not criticize them openly, he merely emphasizes qualities that are favorable...
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...Amanda Whitley Ashley Morgan ENG 2003 D2 29 November 2015 Courtly Love – Annotated Bibliography Boase, Roger. The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship. Towota, New Jersey: Manchester UP, 1977. This rather compressed study covers an amazing variety of sources, taking up how numerous periods of literary scholars commented on courtly love, the various locations where courtly love arose in the medieval period (and why), and how the significance of courtly love itself has been understood across time, geography, and literary movements. Eventually, after surveying the field, Boase argues that courtly love appear on behalf of as a wide-reaching traditional trend, arising predominantly in a court-based Christian culture, influenced by predominantly Spanish (and relatedly, Arabic) concepts of love and relationships between men and women. He detects courtly love strictly in the fictive world of poetry, denying that any person actually meant to apply its principles to the ‘real-world’ – this element of ‘play’ recognized courtly love as an acceptable aristocratic manifestation of passion. Cherchi, Paolo. “The Ambiguity of Courtly Love in Andreas Capellanus’ Model.” Andreas and the Ambiguity of Courtly Love. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1994. 3-41. The emphasis in this chapter is on courtly love as it is conveyed by musicians – among the many poets and geographies to choose from. Troubadours focus on...
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...followed. The Roman Catholic Church influenced followers and inspired them to follow its higher power, God. Many areas of skill were developed which led to one of the greatest breakthroughs during its time, the Golden Age. This breakthrough resulted from a harmful Dark Age which was a devastating time for medieval Europe. After invasions from outside countries and the spread of the Black Plague, an influential time resulted with advancements in architecture and education, therefore describing the Middle Ages as the “Dark Ages” and “Golden Ages.” The Dark Ages was a time of great destruction from invaders and a horrific disease that led to a population decline. Barbarians came into Europe...
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...ARTH 1380 Art & Society Prehistory to Gothic MWF 10:00 -11:00 a.m. FA132- Dudley Recital Hall Instructor: Dr. Sarah Kielt Costello Office: FA104A Office Hours: M/W 9:30 – 10:00 a.m. or by appointment e-mail: skcostello@uh.edu Graders: (to be determined) Course Description: An introduction to the history of Western art through a survey of painting, sculpture, architecture and crafts from the prehistoric era through the medieval period. Emphasis will be on understanding art as an expression of the culture that produced it, and as a means of understanding historical context. We will follow a historical progression, studying a number of cultures and periods in turn. The best way to succeed is to read the textbook before each class, attend every lecture, take good notes, and study each week. Be advised that you simply cannot learn this material at the last minute. Learning Outcomes: Students will attain, through lectures & reading, and will demonstrate through three exams and two papers knowledge about the art and cultures of the western civilization (from prehistory through the Medieval period). Students will develop observation, analytical & writing skills through the writing of two papers on works of art. Grading: Exams: The exams will consist of multiple choice questions based on slides, assigned reading, and lecture notes. You will be provided with a list of images & terms that you need to know for the exam. No other...
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...“No tenant came from West Thickley because they are all dead”. This account, by the Bishop of Durham, is one of the many that portrays the horror spread by the Black Death. The plague, which arrived on European shores in 1348 and wiped out a third of the population, is caused by the transmittance of a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. Although this pandemic of bubonic plague incited much chaos within the medieval medical community and caused the quality of healthcare to decline, it served to promote the medical innovations that set in motion the development of medicine. The Black Death forced doctors to change their perception of medicine by broadening their medical horizon and expanding their viewpoint. At first, due to the doctors’ false...
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...Female Artists during the Medieval Ages Humanities I Spring 2009 In the extremely hierarchical medieval society the social classes differed greatly from each other in their legal rights, economic circumstances and modes of living. Feudal society consisted of three classes, the Worshipers, Warriors, and the Workers. With few exceptions, women were ranked according to their husband’s or father’s status. They rarely achieved any status outside of their relationship with men as wives, mothers, and daughters. For this reason, it is interesting to explore how and why certain women were able to live separately from men in convents and create works of artistic value that survive today. During the Pre-Romanesque (500-1000 AD) and Romanesque (1000-1200) period of the middle ages, most of the art was created in monasteries for religious purposes. This art was primarily in the form of illuminated or illustrated manuscripts. Illuminated manuscripts were hand-written books of religious texts, like a bible, or works by saints or religious leaders. Some illustrated manuscripts were also copies of Roman or Greek works of philosophy. These manuscripts were ornate and beautiful volumes that were expensive and time consuming to produce. It could take months or years to produce an illuminated manuscript. The manuscript included ornamental borders, capital letters and illustrations some in gold and silver leaf. The illustrations themselves used a very rich and vivid palette of colors like rich...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Medieval theatre refers to the theatre of Europe between the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. and the beginning of the Renaissance in approximately the 15th century A.D. Medieval theatre covers all drama produced in Europe over that thousand year period and refers to a variety of genres, including liturgical drama, mystery plays, morality plays, farces and masques. A theatrical performance in the Middle Ages was much more than just an example of a literary genre; it was often a social, religious, and commercial event affecting a whole community and involving not only the spoken word, but also spectacle, music, and even dance. 2. HIGH AND LATE MEDIEVAL THEATRE As the Viking invasions ceased in the middle of the 11th century A.D., liturgical drama had spread from Russia to Scandinavia to Italy. Only in Muslim-occupied Spain were liturgical dramas not presented at all. Despite the large number of liturgical dramas that have survived from the period, many churches would have only performed one or two per year and a larger number never performed any at all. The Feast of Fools was especially important in the development of comedy. The festival inverted the status of the lesser clergy and allowed them to ridicule their superiors and the routine of church life. Sometimes plays were staged as part of the occasion and a certain amount of burlesque and comedy crept into these performances. Although comic episodes had to truly wait until...
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...A good leader should lead a society to prosperity, but if a leader fails, then a rebel rises. In a world where good and evil coexist, we presume that the leader is virtuous and those who oppose the leader are atrocious, but these films: “The Vikings”, “Becket”, “The Lion in Winter”, and “The Adventures of Robin Hood” beg to differ. The films cast the monarchs in a negative light by using different themes including social conflict, and conflict between state and central government. Social conflict is displayed all throughout the movies “Becket” and “The Lion in Winter” by characterizing the monarch King Henry II as being homosexual. In “Becket”, King Henry’s homosexuality is revealed in the scene which takes place after the family dinner when the king is drinking with his barons. A drunken King Henry then breaks down into tears and confesses his love for Beckett, his once loyal servant. Based on an article entitled “Never Having to Say You’re Sorry” by D. Desser and G. Studlar , Sigmund Freud’s Mechanism of Repression is mentioned, where when a traumatic experience occurs, the person tries to repress the memory. The memory is then stored in the person’s subconscious. Even though the person may not be able to remember the event, the emotions are still there. King Henry was homosexual and in love with Becket, and couldn’t accept that the man he loved so much betrayed him, thus he tried to repress his feelings. In front of his family he kept denying the part of himself that...
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...The Black Death was a time period in Medieval Europe that happened during most of the 14th century. This period is called the Black Death because it was one of Europe’s darkest times in history with the emergence of the Bubonic Plague, also called Black Plague, which caused horrible symptoms that killed its victims in a short amount of time (CDC). Many people at the time did not understand how exactly the disease came about and placed the blame on people. Even though this disease was horrible and brought many consequences, it began to shape Europe as we know it and brought many technological and medical advancements (History). - The Bubonic Plague was named after buboes, which means swollen lymph node, a distinguishing feature noticed in individuals...
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...and is a precise component additionally of the spread of the Black Death. In the infection history of Norway from the Black Death 1348-49 to the last episodes in 1654, containing more than thirty influxes of disease, there was never a winter pestilence of sickness. Sickness is altogether different from airborne infectious ailments, which are spread straightforwardly between individuals by beads: these flourish in icy climate. Fundamentally, torment was spread broad partitions by rat bugs on water crafts. Debased pontoon rats would go on, yet their creepy crawlies would habitually survive and find new rat has wherever they landed. Not in the slightest degree like human bugs, rat bugs are changed in accordance with riding with their hosts; they expeditiously in like manner invade clothing of people going into impacted houses and ride with them to distinctive houses or locales. This gives disease scourges a difficult to miss beat and pace of change and a trademark sample of spread. The way that torment is transmitted by rat creepy crawlies implies maladie is an affliction of the more sweltering seasons, vanishing in the midst of the winter, or if nothing else lose the greater part of their strengths of spread. The difficult to miss infrequent sample of affliction has been observed all around and is an exact segment furthermore of the spread of the Black Death. In the contamination history of Norway from the Black Death 1348-49 to the last scenes in 1654, containing more than thirty...
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...Ring Around The Rosie “Ring around the rosie, pockets full of posy; ashes, ashes, we all fall down.” This renown nursery rhyme is known well around the world, but it’s origins are much darker than they seem. The Black Plague was one of the deadliest epidemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is said to most likely have been carried by Oriental rat fleas living on black rats who got onto merchant ships. Thousands of people suffered a painful death that dramatically decreased the population in and around Europe. The plague created a series of religious, social, and economic conflicts, all profound effects on the course of European history. At the time the Black Plague affected Europe, the church’s authority was an...
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...Seen by most as the birthmark of French Literature, as well as perhaps the greatest and oldest chanson de geste (epically heroic poems that began to appear in the late eleventh century), La Chanson de Roland is undoubtedly a landmark in Medieval Literature. It celebrates the heroic feats of count Roland, Charlemagne’s nephew and right-hand, in serving his country, his king and his faith. A large variety of themes, including religion, faith, loyalty, bravery and heroism, amongst others, recur throughout La Chanson de Roland. I intend to draw upon a few of these themes, paying particular attention to what is considered by most as the climax of the chanson, Roland’s death; more specifically, laisses CLXXI and CLXXII. The importance given to Christian faith and God is both evident and undeniable throughout the chanson, and portrayed quite accurately in laisses CLXXI and CLXXII. For instance, Roland’s plea for help to ‘Sainte Marie’, to an extent, indicates this. Despite Roland's inherent stubbornness and arguably excessive pride, seen, for instance, through his reluctance to blow the Oliphant knowing that defeat was imminent, he doesn’t hesitate in seeking both comfort and help from celestial powers. Further religious importance is revealed through the divine powers Charlemagne is accredited: ‘Carles esteit es vals de Moriane, Quant Deus del cel li mandat par sun angle’. Here, as with his prophetic dreams, Charlemagne, the king, someone who would have been widely admired, and...
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