Premium Essay

Mediterranean Society

In:

Submitted By akaxannie
Words 605
Pages 3
History 110a MWF 10-10:50AM
Chapter 11- Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase
The Romans created a centralized government, legal system and means of bureaucracy starting with the Etruscans that dominated Italy from the 8th to 5th century B.C.E. The Roman republic had elected representatives and a general republic constitutions of two consuls: civil and military. Consuls were elected by an assembly, dominated by the patricians (civilians). The senate usually advised the consuls and ratified major decisions. Both senate and consul represented the interests of these patricians.
However, the Roman empire shifted from a Republic government to an empire shortly after their republican reign because of imperial expansion and domestic problems. Many military commanders recruited rural and poor civilians who also happened to be intensely loyal to their commanders and the civil war cause. Furthermore, the expansion of the republic prompted Rome to become a preeminent power in the East and West Mediterranean. This led up to the Conflict with Carthage and Hellenistic realms.
Fortunately, the Roman empire still had a successful expansion. The Roman empire had a very stoic, disciplined and trained legion of men. Roman empire also featured a good agricultural economy which was capable of feeding a large population; this allowed the Roman population to grow. Generally, the Roman government was lenient and flexible and very tolerant of different beliefs and cultures. Roman leaders even made citizens out of some conquered elites with many treaties and alliances with other neighboring elites. Furthermore, the Roman empire was the first people to use concrete; they were highly skilled in engineering and construction of various buildings and projects.
Julius Caesar was a very population social reformer and conqueror who eventually centralized control in Rome in 49 B.C.E. Julius

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Mediterranean Basin Climate

...The distinct climate of the Mediterranean Basin, a region of land that surrounds the Mediterranean Sea, gives rise to discrete class of plants known as the Mediterranean Natives, which have adapted to both the rainy winters and dry summers. Europe, which lies North of the Mediterranean region; Western Asia; and Northwestern Africa play an important role in making up the appropriate climate and habitat to house many of these Native species of plants. The folded mountains among the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan Peninsulas divide the Mediterranean climate from the temperate climate regions of Western and Central Europe. The Mediterranean region extends into Western Asia to cover the southern and western regions of the peninsula of Turkey. Spreading...

Words: 930 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests.

...Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins Christopher K. Pham1,2*, Eva Ramirez-Llodra3,4, Claudia H. S. Alt5, Teresa Amaro6, Melanie Bergmann7, ¸ Miquel Canals8, Joan B. Company3, Jaime Davies9, Gerard Duineveld10, Francois Galgani11, 9 12 1,2 Kerry L. Howell , Veerle A. I. Huvenne , Eduardo Isidro , Daniel O. B. Jones12, Galderic Lastras8, ´ ˆ Telmo Morato1,2, Jose Nuno Gomes-Pereira1,2, Autun Purser13, Heather Stewart14, Ines Tojeira15, 8 16 5 Xavier Tubau , David Van Rooij , Paul A. Tyler 1 Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal, 2 Laboratory of Robotics `ncies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, 4 Norwegian Institute for Water Research and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal, 3 Institut de Cie (NIVA), Marine Biology section, Oslo, Norway, 5 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, ¨ 6 Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway, 7 Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany, 8 GRC `ncies Marines, Departament d9Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geocie `ncies Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Geocie Spain, 9 Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom, 10 Netherlands...

Words: 10668 - Pages: 43

Free Essay

Impact of the Crusades

...many impacts on Europe. The four major areas of impact on Europe were in the Economic, Political, Social, and Religious parts. Though all the areas were impacted, not all were good impacts. One of the areas that will be focused on is the Economic area. The Crusades were very commerce. Commerce is the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale. The Crusades were always in demand for transportation for not only men, but their supplies as well, would always edge ship-building on, and also had the market extend for Eastern products in Europe. Cities that had benefitted from this are places such as Cairo, Alexandria, Damascus, and Mosul because of all the trade that had been happening with the Italian seaports across the Mediterranean Sea, they were making more money. Many believe that the Economic area was the most important part of the Crusades, but many believe that they are wrong and it is not one of the most important parts of the Crusades. The next area that will be focused on is the Political area. There were bad and good impacts on the Political impact of the Crusades. The Crusades actually took down aristocracy and wanted to show the importance of the kings and the people. It is said that many nobles went out to go on expeditions, and many of them did not return. There were other nobles who spent a lot more of their fortunes so that they could meet the expenses that undertook them. The cities also gained a lot of good from this. Burghers had gotten a lot...

Words: 642 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Activity I Enjoy

...relationship with my girlfriend, sharing and enjoying together an important portion of my few spare times, since my job is very time consuming being “up in the air all the time”. I therefore killed two birds with one stone, keeping my girlfriend happy without sacrificing my preferred hobby: playing sport. Beach Volley, as any other sport, is good for both physical and mental health. It makes my little heart muscle big and strong and it helps me get rid of toxins from the body. When I am on the beach playing with the “guys” I feel relaxed and, looking at the immensity of the Mediterranean Sea I am able to forget the daily difficulties and recharge my battery. Furthermore, it helps me on my self-awareness development. During this period when the current crisis is oppressing specific sector like the public research, I feel the need to collaborate in activities that contribute to the improvement of some sector of society. And I have found that only by giving back, by helping others along the way, do I truly find fulfillment. I could make good money out of it but the benefit in terms of social emotional intelligence, and the pleasure I get from it is more than a rewards. Last but not least, is the contribution that this activity is giving to my personal and professional development: the...

Words: 459 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Hofestead Analysis Morocco and Spain

...and somehow unthreatened by new and unknown situations ( with a score of 68 compared to Spain’s score of 86) than Spain. However, I think that given the fact that the model has been drawn in 1980, I really think that those results may have changed since during 1985 Spain joined the EU, which may have created a new value shift towards a more risk taking society. Concerning the PDI dimension, I can say that Morocco during the 1980’s was still affected by high power distance syndrome since Morocco was following the extended family model, which means that the family and here I mean the father, uncles and grand-fathers sometimes were omnipresent in the structural division of activities which created a high concentration of authority. However nowadays, with this new era, Morocco is following a new kind of structural division system with less concentration of authority emerging with this wave of flattered organizations. From the graph, we can see also that the individualism versus collectivism index along with the masculinity versus femininity index are quiet similar for both countries, this maybe comes from the Mediterranean culture that is widely widespread in...

Words: 345 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Overfishing of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna

...they are known to have large appetites and a varied diet which allows them to grow to an average size to about 6.5 feet long and weigh up to 550 pounds, though some specimens have been known to be much larger. These fish are highly migratory, with distribution ranging from Newfoundland and Iceland to the Atlantic coasts of Brazil and Africa. Bluefins can be most commonly found in subtropical areas of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, and Black Seas. The fish typically grow slowly and are relatively late to mature. There are two known spawning areas of these tuna; the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean. This knowledge and improved fishing techniques have brought in higher quantity catches over the years. However, the conservation and management of the tuna hasn’t changed quickly enough along with these techniques to address the depletion of stock in the Atlantic. Over the past 40 years, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) reported a decline of 72% in the population of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean stock and an 82% decline in the western Atlantic stock (NOAA(a) 2009). The bluefin population has been continuously declining for several years and despite some measures being taken to manage the population in the Atlantic, it still remains highly hunted and highly coveted due to the high demand and increasing scarcity of this fish. The species is prized by both wealthy sushi consumers due to its rich, fatty flesh and by fishermen...

Words: 1603 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Western Civilization Research Paper

...identity, and some knowledge of writing” (Hunt pg. 4). Areas such as Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, and others around the Mediterranean Sea are the original Western Civilizations. Mesopotamia was the home of the first civilization. There was a huge change in the climate that made the soil more fertile for crops and the domestication of animals for food or farming. This area was known as the Fertile Crescent (Hunt pg. 7). Western civilization was able, thanks to the progress of mathematics, natural science and their technological applications, to provide man with unprecedented and undreamt of capabilities and opportunities. It offered means, tools and apparatuses that were never available before, and reduced distances, bringing remote locations closer while saving time, thanks to modern means of transportation which are permanently improved, to the extent that the world has become a planetary...

Words: 436 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Term Paper

...The Study Aims to Know Whether Flooding Affects Student’s Interest in Attending Classes of the University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center. Carlyle Allen M. Pono Margallo University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center Submitted to: Ms. Belinda N. Escandallo March 2011 9:00- 10:30 Rationale of the Study The use of this study is to know the effects of flooding to student’s mindset during heavy rain fall that results to flooding. Flooding is common to the land area of UC-Maritime Education and Training Center, water sometimes rises from below knee level which is a hustle for the students. This concerns not much of the course but everyone in the campus who works and studies. This is an eternal issue that couldn’t be prevented because it is a natural calamity, though won’t be prevented, there’s still a good remedy for it. A better way of going to school would be proposed when the problem is totally learned and understood. Students maybe listened more to have an additional credits in school rules during floods. This problem should be given much attention for it happens often and should have a solution earlier to hand down any new school laws to generations to come in the next following years. Theoretical Background Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology)...

Words: 1282 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Grandfather Interview Research Paper

...will also be a feast for the eyes, nose and mouth) They left the café looking for some kind of party, his friend told him there was a secret club in the city they could try and find, and so, the three went out to find this secret club. The only lead they had was French riddle that lead them to a statue from there they were sent to Louvre, and finally a big brick building. They knocked on the door it opened to a small hallway leading to a big wooden double door. It opened to a secret bar where they partied all night till the early morning. Now, hearing a story of my grandfather’s younger years was interesting, We all go through our own chapters in life and no matter where you are life is similar. We deal with constants and variables in the society we live in, one variable leading to another situation and so on. I got to know my grandfather a lot more from his stories and I’m excited to see how my life develops and all the stories I will tell my grandchildren one...

Words: 1345 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Landscaping Essay

...LANDSCAPING Is landscaping a vista ? To answer this question, we begin by taking a closer look at landscaping.According Oxforddictionaries.com,the landscaping is "The process of making a garden or other piece of land more attractive by altering the existingdesign, adding ornamental features, and planting trees and shrubs." Landscaping creates a bridge between humanity and nature.Landscape provides a more comfortable environment for people also it makes our life easier as a matter of fact our world needs a specific order. We can examine the landscape in three sections to define a more detailed way.They are cultural landscaping, natural landscaping, landscape architecture. Initially,cultural landscaping is collaboration of nature and human.There are a lot of contributions from people.Cultural landscapes represent many eras of natural evolution with human efforts.They are part of our tradition.Obviously, they reflect our history and our pleasure. Natural architecture of the city is identified with the people's way of life.For development of the country, Goverment should subsidize to the environment also build economic and social structures for example cultivated terraces on lofty mountains and sacred places.There are a good deal of landscapes which representative of various contries. Upper Middle Rhine Valley which is in Germany is one of them.It has 65km-stretch.There are castels,historic towns and vineyards." It is intimately associated with history and legend and for centuries...

Words: 609 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Jared Diamond Collapse

...Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22 2004057152 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 8 Printed in the United States of America Set in Minion Designed by Francesca Belanger Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or...

Words: 235965 - Pages: 944

Premium Essay

Man Versus Nature: Technology Versus Environment: Money Versus Wild Life

...Man versus Nature: Technology Versus Environment: Money Versus Wild Life Bristol Bay Although the fishing industry has long been associated with the contribution of marine pollution little work has been done on the effects on the industry itself of marine debris and other pollution. The fishing industry is responsible for discarded nets, hooks, fishing poles, and many times sunken boats, among other gear. In many circumstances this is not the intended plan when going fishing to catch their paychecks. In fact the fishing industry pays a high price for these losses from the time they have to replace their nets to the pulling of old nets and trash out of their new nets on a regular basis. When questioned about the effects of marine debris on their fishing activities, Shetland fishermen responded that 92% had recurring problems with accumulated debris in nets, 69% had had their catch contaminated by debris and 92% had snagged their nets on debris on the seabed. Many also experienced fouled propellers and blocked intake pipes. On average, 1-2 hours per week were spent clearing debris from nets. Debris could cause a restricted catch and many boats avoided particular fishing areas altogether due to the high concentrations of debris. It has gotten to the point for many fishers that they can no longer fish certain areas known to be well stocked with money fish due to the time consuming issues with trash and fishing debris in those specific waters due to left behind gear. Ultimately...

Words: 3821 - Pages: 16

Free Essay

Climate for Olive Trees

...consumption of olive oil can help prevent heart disease and reduce the risk of some cancers. In response to the growing market for olives, “its cultivation area has tripled in the past 44 years, passing from 2.6 to 8.5 million of hectares” (Bartolini, 2005). Besides the valuable fruit the olive tree produces, the tree appeals to growers because it can withstand periods of drought, requires little maintenance, and is extremely resilient. Despite their tough exterior, however, olive trees require specific climate conditions to yield high-quality fruits and oils. Only a few locations in the world – the Mediterranean basin, Southern California, central Chile, southwestern South Africa, and southwestern Australia – possess the Mediterranean climate ideal for olive cultivation. The Mediterranean climate regions of the world typically experience cool, wet winters and mild-to-hot, dry summers. Mediterranean climates prevail “only in the mid-latitudes and then only on the western side of continents because of the earth’s atmospheric circulation of high pressure cells that control the temperature and precipitation patterns of the climate” (Rosenvall, 2009). During the summer, sinking air from the subtropical highs produces generally fair weather, diverting any storm systems...

Words: 996 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Introduction to Humanities

...Greece | Roman Statues were developed from copying the art from the Greeks. Statues were made of gods and important leaders. Their statues showed a great sense of skill and originality. Roman sculptures were designed for the purpose of telling the significant history of the culture.  Besides the sculptures, statues, and paintings in Rome, Mosaics were also popular. Mosaics were made with geometric shapes of stone and placed in different shapes to create the desired look. | Geography | Greece is a peninsula that is composed of even smaller peninsulas on its land. The land also is covered with mountains. This landform made it difficult for people to get around the land, which is why many relied on boats. | Rome is located close to the Mediterranean Sea. The land was very abundant due to the location near the sea and also the volcanic mountains in this area. The two mountains, the Alps and Apennines were used as protection for Rome. The land...

Words: 775 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Escribe the Products or Services of Your Business

...Describe the products or services of your business KIBBE [pic] Batata harra "spicy potatoes" is a Lebanese vegetable dish mainly consisting of potatoes, red peppers, coriander, chili, and garlic which are all fried together in olive oil. Batata Harra is usually served as mezze (appetizer). [pic] OTHER TYPICAL DISHES Ackawi - white cheese originating from the Palestinian town of Akka now called Acre or Akko Baba ghanouj - char-grilled aubergine (eggplant), tahina, olive oil, lemon juice, and garlic puree-served as a dip. Baklava - a dessert of layered pastry filled with nuts and steeped in Attar Syrup (orange [or] rose water and sugar), usually cut in a triangular or diamond shape. Kunafi - shoelace pastry dessert stuffed with sweet white cheese, nuts and syrup. Kibbeh - the national dish, mainly stuffed, can be made in different form like (fried,uncooked,cooked with yogurt) Kibbeh nayye - raw kibbeh eaten like steak tartar. Kofta or Kafta - fingers, stars or a flat cake of minced meat and spices that can be baked or charcoal-grilled on skewers. SALADS Fattoush Salad A traditional Lebanese salad, with romaine lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, parsley, sumac & toasted pita croutons, tossed in our lemon olive oil dressing. Tabbouli Salad Freshly chopped parsley, mixed with bulgur wheat, diced tomatoes, fresh lemon juice & extra virgin olive oil. Greek Salad Fresh lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, red onions, & radishes, tossed...

Words: 414 - Pages: 2