...Human Behaviour When Disaster Strikes: Human behaviour in emergency situations By S. J. Robinson and T. D. Higgins; School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, England. PR1 2HE. When disaster strikes and emergency warning sounds or the captain orders an abandon ship we hope people will remain “cool, calm and collected.” Being level-headed during a life-threatening event is highly prized and undoubtedly improves your chances of survival. However, anecdotal reports and the limited psychological research available suggest that people under threat can actually act in a way that puts themselves and others in further danger. This article discusses some of the unhelpful behaviours which can happen during emergencies and notes some interventions which might stop them. Behaviours during a disaster People can behave in an appropriate manner during an emergency. In good conditions, with no pressures on resources or time, calm and orderly responses are likely. Even in more chaotic situations quick thinking and effective actions can lead to positive actions. For example, during the sinking of the Costa Concordia cruise ship in January 2012 eyewitnesses reported many instances of constructive behaviour. Some passengers used iphone apps to work out their location on the ship while others made ladders from sheets to reach the safety of the next deck. However, research suggests that only 10-25% of people in an emergency will be able to undertake prompt and effective...
Words: 2411 - Pages: 10
...An example of a cognitive process is memory, remembering things. Flashbulb memories (FBM) are highly detailed, exceptionally vivid ‘snapshots’ of the moment and circumstances in which surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) events happened or news was heard. Brown and Kulik (1997) who were the first modern psychologists to study FBMs, defined them as ‘memories of the circumstances in which one first learned of a very surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) event’. The defining feature of an FBM is not the memory of the event, but memory of its reception context- the circumstance of the news’s reception. Brown and Kulik proposed a theory of the formation and the maintenance of FBMs. FBMs form in situations where...
Words: 1713 - Pages: 7
...“Hurricane Digital Memory Bank” is an ethical representation of the natural disaster, Hurricane Katrina. It has nothing negative on the website towards anyone or anything that I have seen. We all realize that this natural disaster was a terrible event; therefore there is some unpleasant pictures and stories but nothing that is considered unethical. In the archive, values of the people who have posted stories and pictures are somewhat present in select features. Some have talked about how they relied on God during this terrible time, praying and having faith. One photograph shows a rainbow as the hurricane is approaching. The caption speaks about the family relating this as God’s promise in the Biblical story of the flood and that God would...
Words: 709 - Pages: 3
...Fearless and Falling Man In the movie Fearless, it narrated how Max Klein reacted in his life after he survived from a terrible air crash. Although Max had been able to survive in the crash and helped other passengers on the air to escape from the fired airplane, he was living under the shadow of the air crash. The terrible air crash brought Max both painful memories about the crash. In general, Max’s behavior is a kind of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a kind of anxiety disorder. This kind of disorder is able to occur after someone has gone through a traumatic event involving injury or death. For example, it was hard for Max to walk out of the shadow of the air crash. That is, the memory about the crash belonging to Max was indelible. The fact drove Max’s memory simulated and indelible is the process his getting out of the plane. No matter when Max felt that he was not able to breathe and depress, he would love to rush to some wide space to get relaxed. For instance, when he was crowed by a lot of journalists to be asked to say something about the crash, he just rushed and kept running until he saw the sea. It just liked Max escaped from the plane that was a small space to a Bakersfield that was wide enough. For Max, it was a way out of the plane, and it was a method away from death. As I mentioned above, it was hard for Max to walk out of the shadow of the crash. Consequently, he needed some coping methods to help him to be psychologically healthy. He went...
Words: 911 - Pages: 4
...storing. This information is a good idea to know ahead of time because the type of data, size of data d, and knowing if you will be transferring this information from one place to another will help to determine what will work best for you. Although the hard drive is the most well known of all storage devices, these devices come in hand Flash memory devices, such as USB drives even using an iPod or Zune are popular ways to store data in a small, mobile format. Other types of flash memory, such as compact flash and SD cards are popular ways to store images taken by digital cameras. In my opinion whether personal or business, it is best to have some sort of external hard drive and external backup system (this device mainly for business). b. Here is a website that discusses the demand for personal storage. I love this website; it seems to provide a good amount of information for computers and devices! http://www.pcworld.com/article/134981/demand_for_personal_storage_devices_to_grow.html 3. SOLID STATE DRIVES, What are the advantages of solid state drives? DISASTER PLANNING: Discuss the basic components of a disaster plan, also referred to as a continuity of operations plan (COOP). 1. Why is it a necessity for...
Words: 489 - Pages: 2
...of one's children, spouse, etc.), rape, military combat, natural or accidental disasters, and torture. Sexual activity with an adult is a traumatic experience for a child.Like adults who experience trauma, children and adolescents who have been abused cope by using a variety of psychological mechanisms. One of the most effective ways people cope with overwhelming trauma is called "dissociation." Dissociation is a complex mental process during which there is a change in a person's consciousness which disturbs the normally connected functions of identity, memory, thoughts, feelings and experiences (daydreaming during a boring lecture is a good example).How does trauma affect memory?People may use their natural ability to dissociate to avoid conscious awareness of a traumatic experience while the trauma is occurring. For some people, conscious thoughts and feelings, or "memories," about the overwhelming traumatic circumstance may emerge at a later date. This delayed retrieval of traumatic memories has been written about for nearly 100 years in clinical literature on military veterans who have survived combat.In fact, in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric diagnosis common among people who have survived horrific events, the defining diagnostic features are memory distortions. People with PTSD inevitably experience extremes of recall regarding traumatic circumstances: intrusive memories of the event (hypernesia) or avoidance of thoughts and feelings about the event...
Words: 1310 - Pages: 6
...The Overseas Development Institute’s mission statement and values mirror my own professional and personal objectives. Having lost one parent to a disaster, the Joplin, Missouri tornado of May 22, 2011, and nearly losing the other when Hurricane Charley impacted central Florida in 2004, my life is dedicated to understanding the many components of community vulnerability to natural and technological hazards and working to mitigate these issues. For post-disaster communities, I focus on the recovery process; what factors expedite or hinder recovery, how communities define recovery, and how to improve the recovery process for future disasters. As an applied, cultural anthropologist, I employ ethnographic field methods to look beyond demographic and census information and identify cultural practices and worldviews that influence human interactions with their environment, how communities and cultural groups apply meaning to traumatic events, and how they select which risks to address and which to ignore. Scheduled to defend my doctoral thesis on June 3, 2016, I will soon have my Ph.D. in cultural anthropology with a specialization in disasters. Examining the resilience of Joplin, Missouri over the past five years of recovery, as noted by their receipt of the Rick Rescorla...
Words: 1108 - Pages: 5
...DSMHT 201: Applied Differential Equation (credit 02) 1. Ordinary differential equations and their solutions: Initial value problems, Boundary value problems, Basic existence and uniqueness theorems (statement and illustration only). 2. Solution of first order equations: separable equations and equations reducible to this form, Linear equations, exact equations, Special integrating factors, Substitutions and transformations. 3. Solution of higher order linear differential equations: Solution space of homogeneous linear equations. Fundamental solutions of homogeneous systems. Reduction of order. Homogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients. Non homogeneous equations. 4. Method of undermined coefficients. Variations of parameters. Cauchy-Euler differential equations. 5. Systems of differential equations, linear system, Fundamental matrix, Solutions of linear systems with constant coefficients. References: 1. D.G. Zill, A First Course in Differentil Equations with Applications. 2. F. Braur and J.A. Nohel, Differential Equations. 3. S.L. Ross, Differential Equation. DSMHT 202: Geological and Hydro-meteorological Hazards (credit 02) 1. Introduction to Geological and Hydro-meteorological Hazards. 2. Geological Hazards Earthquakes (causes, types and effects of Earthquakes), Tsunami & Seiches. (naming, Tsunami Generation, Velocity and height, coastal effects and vulnerability), Volcanoes (origin & types of volcanic hazards...
Words: 1471 - Pages: 6
...boundaries from their function. Virtualization has brought important innovation to IT Virtualization concept was first developed by IBM in the 1960s to fully utilize mainframe hardware by logically partitioning them into virtual machines. These partitions will allow mainframe computers to perform multiple tasks and applications at the same time.. During the 1980s and 1990s, desktop computing and x86 servers become available and so the virtualization technology was discarded eventually. Client-server applications and the emergence of Windows and Linux made server computing significantly inexpensive. However, new challenges has surfaced which includes high maintenance and management cost, high infrastructure cost, and insufficient failure and disaster protection that lead to the invention of virtualization for x86 platform. VMWare invented virtualization for the x86 architecture in the 1990s to address the above mentioned problems. In 1999, VMW are introduced a virtualization solution...
Words: 1666 - Pages: 7
...communities were built. Protected by the boundary. All memories of the past are erased” (The Giver). This text gave us a clues on what happened before the current setting of the movie. Moreover, it gave us a clue on what changes they did for the community that was created. Let us now analyze the meaning of the phrase. The first sentence says “From the ashes of The Ruin, the Communities were built” (The Giver). The phrase “from the ashes” might be a familiar expression to some of us. This phrase refers to the the mythical creature called the phoenix. A phoenix is mythical bird that symbolizes life, death, and rebirth (signology.com). The phrase means “emerge as new form from something that has been destroyed” (dictionary.com). The Ruin somehow sounds as a historical event: an event which caused “a state of destruction” (merriam-webster.com), as the name implies. This might be the clue that some sort of apocalyptic catastrophe happened which leads to creating a new society. This society refers to what they called Communities....
Words: 688 - Pages: 3
...123 Textiles Company Network Disaster Plan Keith A Manley IT240/ Sorrells 11/30/2012 The 123 Textile Corporation has several solvable issues that we will address in this network updating proposal. They have been exposed to inclement weather and as of late a break in resulting in the companies sever and all pertinent data for sales, production, human resources. This proposal will lay out all necessary hardware upgrades as well as the software upgrades needed to maintain the new hardware. It will also look at off-site back up as a potential resolution to being in an area that may be more susceptible to break-ins resulting in equipment loss and or damage. The proposal will also address the issues of inclement weather and possible protection from natural disasters. Hardware and equipment proposal; A required designated space for the new computer equipment should be around 50 square feet with through wall ventilation but no window or exterior access points. In addition a cable line for modem connection and power source will be required. Power source should be of 20 amp circuit and non GFI, number of circuits at primary location in room to be four. In consideration of power outages that could result in loss of data a recommended solution will be the installation of an online UPS battery backup unit which provides continuous power while plugged in through the unit’s battery allowing for smoother and quicker power transition. This unit provides...
Words: 1340 - Pages: 6
...stolen. Keys can be duplicated and IDs can be faked, What you are method: - DNA, fingerprints, voice match, cadence of your typing, your walk, talk, act. Your smell, shoeprints, aura, your retinal scan, your vein patterns. Anything that leaves the impression of YOU, but nothing that can come from someone else. These are things that can be taken from you. They cannot be faked but can be stolen. Secondary level of security, what you are is better than what you have, but is nothing compared to what you know. What you know method:. Passwords, passphrases. Things that cannot be beaten out of you. Passwords cannot be compelled to be told, they cannot be stolen (from your mind), and they cannot be duplicated. Other examples include your memories. We've all thought about the time traveler trick. Imagine yourself from the future...
Words: 1987 - Pages: 8
...| Enhanced Security for Data Access | | Richard Edvalson 1/12/2014 | Contents I. Contents 1 II. Introduction 5 III. Access Control Layers 5 A. The Access Control Perimeter 5 B. Asset Containers 5 C. Workplace Perimeter 5 IV. Access Control Methods and Technical Strategies 5 A. Identification, Authentication, and Authorization 5 B. Logical Access Controls 5 1. Network Architecture Controls 5 2. Remote Network Access 5 3. Security Network Ports 5 4. Encryption 5 5. PKI Compliance Requirements 5 6. Passwords, Pins, and Other Forms of Access 5 C. Physical Access Controls 5 1. Classified Storage and Handling 5 2. Badges, Memory Cards, and Smartcards 5 3. Physical Tokens and Physical Intrusion Detection 5 V. Access Control Integration and Administrative Strategies 5 A. Biometric Systems 5 B. Separation of Duties 5 C. Protecting the Enrollment Process 6 D. Protecting the Verification Process 6 E. Cryptographic Controls 6 F. Integrating Access Control Methods 6 VI. Public Key Infrastructure 6 A. DoD-Approved PKI 6 B. Multi-factor Authentication 6 C. Identification and Authentication through Digit Signature of Challenge 6 D. Data Integrity through Digital Signature of the Information 6 E. Confidentiality through Encryption 6 F. Assists with Technical non-Repudiation through Digital Signatures 6 VII. Mitigating Risk in the User Domain 6 A. Interviewing and Background Screening...
Words: 590 - Pages: 3
...presents the feelings in a very casual, relaxed tone. It seems as an introduction stating simple, apparently obvious facts. “So many things seem filled with the intent t be lost that their loss is no disaster”. The second stanza continues with this atmosphere, using the imperative to recommend to the reader to “Accept the fluster” of loosing day-to-day objects and time. She only separates this two concepts with a coma, this suggests to the reader that there is a more profound layer to everything she is talking about. There is repentance towards the loss of time even if she tries to hide it and notice the difference between a recoverable simple object and the loss of time, which is completely unrecoverable. The repetition of the phrase “The art of loosing isn’t hard to master” as if it was a mantra seems as if the writer is trying to convince herself of this, she is trying to keep control, even if the tone is still quite relaxed. The juxtaposition in the first phrase and the last one in the first stanza also has a layer of meaning towards her feelings. It suggests us the thematic of the poem and expresses her feelings towards loss. It seems the writer is trying to “Master” and “control” her feelings, however, they are constantly slipping out of her control and ending in disaster, but she is still trying to convince herself that she is strong enough to handle loss. In the third stanza there is a complete change...
Words: 1400 - Pages: 6
...early distress that it could cause. Several researchers describes traumatic events as unexpected events, such as exposure to natural or manmade disaster, or observing violent crimes, events that are more lingering in nature, such as participating in combat or being the victim of physical and or sexual abuse or assault. Another name for traumatic events is called traumas. Traumas can also be classified as the scope that can have a huge impact on an individual (Shaw, 2009). The Effects of Trauma on Neural Development Researchers have found the correlation of trauma and the effects it has on the human brain. The amygdala and hippocampus are parts of the limbic system that helps process the sequence of one’s life story. During the normal course of an individual’s life, the amygdala and hippocampus are able to process both the event and the emotions attached to a traumatic event. The amygdala records the emotions and bodily sensations of an individual. After the emotions and bodily sensations have been recorded, they are retrieved by the hippocampus. The hippocampus role is to add cognitive meaning and place the information that is processed into appropriate context. As soon as the hippocampus has stored the context, the information can be permanently stored in the cortex as explicit memory. However, during trauma the processing of the memory does not happen in this manner (Simington, 2013). During traumatic events, the amygdala records the extremely charged emotions and sensations...
Words: 906 - Pages: 4