...abilities to analyze them (i.e., computers), and the publication of Ball and Brown’s seminal work in 1968, accounting research moved into positive research (i.e., examining what is rather than what should be). Although this change has had its critics, it has resulted in a significant increase in research output (and many new journals). A cynical definition of research is: any paper that cites a lot of other accounting papers must be accounting research. This “quick and dirty” definition restricts accounting research to topics and methodologies that are well established in the literature; it is “safe” but somewhat limiting. More rigorously, Oler, Oler, and Skousen (2009) attempt to characterize accounting research by looking at the topics, research methodologies, and citations made by papers published in a set of six top accounting journals (AOS, CAR, JAE, JAR, RAST, and TAR). Their work can be criticized, though, because they do not consider all accounting journals, and because their categorizations of topics (6 of them) and research methodologies (7 of them) are broad. In spite of shortcomings, their paper appears to be the first that attempts to characterize and define accounting research, which they define as follows: “accounting research is research into the effect of economic events on the process of summarizing, analyzing, verifying, and reporting standardized financial information, and on the effects of reported information on economic events.” Professors typically will...
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...Guido L. Geerts, author of “A Design Science Research Methodology and Its Application to Accounting Information Systems Research,” asserts most of research currently conducted in the accounting information systems (AIS) and information systems (IS) areas focuses on understanding why things work the way they do, also known as “natural science (Geerts, 2011).” The primary goal of the paper was to introduce the design science research methodology (DSRM) into accounting information systems (AIS) literature by discussing the DSRM, applying the DSRM to different AIS design science papers, and then integrating the DSRM as part of the operational AIS literature (Geerts, 2011). “Currently, integration is increasingly needed in the business environment. This need emerges from the efficiency and synergy requirements necessary in a complex and turbulent environment. In other words, integration is needed to facilitate coordination, which is again related to the building of competitive advantage.” (Granlund & Malmi, 2002, p. 305). Detail Geerts’ introduction gives definitions and history of the concept of DSRM and AIS so that the reader may transition along with the article. There is discussion of each methodology giving the history and the science behind it and then he moves into how the application of DSRM was discussed in the AIS area. According to Geerts the DSRM has three objectives and aims at improving the production, presentation, and evaluation of design science research...
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...In his 1989 article Mouck cites Morgan (1988) who observed that: “The idea that accountants represent reality ‘as is ‘ through the means of numbers that are objective and value free, has clouded the much more important insight that accountants are always engaged in interpreting a complex reality, partially, and in a way that is heavily weighted in favor of what the accountant is able to measure and chooses to measure…” (p. 480). Required: Discuss the extent to which the “scientific” world-view of mainstream accounting researchers, is grounded on a belief that “reality” exists independently of thee human subject and the possible implications this has for accounting theory development. Introduction Accounting is a subject that is guided with principles and regulations. Thus, it is often regarded as a rigid, rigorous, and highly analytical discipline with very precise interpretations. However, this is far from the truth. For instance, two organizations that are otherwise homogeneous can apply different valuation methods giving entirely distinct but equally correct answers. One may argue that a choice between accounting schemes is merely an “accounting construct” the sorts of “games” accountants play that are exclusively of relevance to them but have no pertinent in the “real world.” Once again this is entirely false. For example, valuation of inventory using either LIFO (Last-in-last-out) or FIFO (First-in-first-out) has an impact on income tax, especially in the US...
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...Americans as the result of poverty, ethnicity, and/or marginalized social status. Nursing research has a major role to play in developing this body of knowledge. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the contributions that Nursing Research made through its publications over the last five decades in developing the body of tested knowledge about health disparities in vulnerable groups and to analyze the progress made. Methods: Criteria for reviewing the literature were established. All Nursing Research publications between 1952 and 2000 were searched manually, indexes of each year's bound volumes were reviewed, and computer searches were conducted. Included in the review were research reports, research briefs, and methodology articles. Results: Seventy-nine papers were found that met basic criteria for inclusion. The number of relevant publications increased each decade, with a sizable increase in numbers since 1990, and may be related to the social, political, and economic climate of each decade. The research questions asked and the methods used became more complex over time. Conclusions: Nursing Research has made a significant contribution in disseminating the body of tested knowledge related to the health disparities experienced by vulnerable populations and the methodologies associated with vulnerable populations research....
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...CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the method of research utilized in the study, the population, sample size, and sampling technique, description of the respondents, research instrument, data-gathering procedure, and statistical treatment used for data analysis. Research Method Used The descriptive method of educational research was employed in the study, since it describes what traits or what it is of a certain educational phenomenon. Borg defines the descriptive method as a distinctive research methodology of systematic data collection, presentation, and analysis. The method of research is concerned with conditions and relations that exist, practices that prevail, processes that are going on, point of view effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. This method is the most appropriate method for this study, as Best asserts that the descriptive research goes beyond mere tabulation of data to the analysis and interpretation and meaning of what is being described. It involves a more in depth analysis through the use of numerical and comparative analysis. Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique Table 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Population and Sample |Course, Year and Section |Population |Sample |% | |BSMT-A1 |48 |12 ...
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...Writing a Literature Review What is a Literature Review? A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and it is usually organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format. It is not an annotated bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current research. Purpose A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field, and also where the weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing further study are. The review should therefore also demonstrate to the reader why the writer’s research is useful, necessary, important, and valid. Audience Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For example, a lot of literature reviews are written as a chapter for a thesis or dissertation, so the audience will want to know in what way your research is important and original. Highlighting the gap in knowledge which your research aims to fill is particularly important in this instance because you need to convince the reader that there is an opening in the area of study. A literature...
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...typically more economically profitable than less successful groups. Organizational psychology has become a prominent necessity within companies all over the world, regardless of size. With the growing number of competitors providing similar services and stressful expectations of continued success, this position proves time and again to be one of the crucial significance. Organizational psychologists offer a corporation unbiased, fresh ideas in the area of improvement and advancement using various methods of analysis and research. This paper will define the use of organizational psychology; explain the evolution of the field of organizational psychology; Compare and contrast organizational psychology with at least two related disciplines; and analyze the role of research and statistics in this form of psychology. Define Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology uses the technical psychological principles and research methodology to study numerous topics that are vital to comprehending human behavior in different organizations. An applied field, organizational psychology is relevant to numerous work settings, applies research in the effort to increase productivity in the workplace. “Organizational psychology is the scientific study of individual and group behavior in formal organizational settings” (Jex & Britt, 2008, p. 18). The Social Psychology of...
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...experience, many students struggle to deliver a proper PhD thesis paper. On the other hand, a quality research paper needs end-to-end knowledge of the research methodologies and the subject. Not only is that, the presentation and logical flow of the content equally important to achieve a good grade. At PhDbox.in, our services range from helping students preparing their thesis proposal to helping them in all aspects of their PhD, including editing the research papers. We have a team of highly professional academic writers from the best universities across the world, who help us deliver the best in quality research papers. Their proficiency also helps us to offer consulting services in different subjects. However, it is not only the quality, our customised services, 24/7 customer services, on time project delivery and 100% plagiarism free services also make us unique. During the research paper creation process, our team helps the students with prompt service at all the required stages. Nevertheless, our service is affordable to all the PhD students. On top of that, we provide discount offers, which make taking assistance from us more affordable. So if you are a Phd student, who want to explore your chosen area of research with the proper methodologies, gain knowledge from the experts regarding the do’s and don’ts of the PhD paper, get your thesis approved without any hustles, and at the same time, deliver the best research paper to your supervisor, we are happy to...
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...I work as a community nurse and I have recently become intrigued about one of my patients requiring treatment for a leg ulcer. For the purpose of this assignment I shall call her MA, because as a nurse and a professional I have professional and ethical duty to protect patient identities (Quacker Nursing Council [QNC]2010). My rationale for selection of topic is that Leg ulcers (LU) cost this country’s health service an estimated 200million quars per year in hospitalisation fees for those individuals who do not have health insurance (Quacker Health Board [QHB] 2012, Wilson 2010). An outline of LU is provided in Appendix One, while Appendix two provides a synopsis of MA and her LU. Community nurses are increasingly seeing patients with LU as insurers only pay for three episodes of treatment for one condition (Medins 2011). This disadvantages those patients like MA, as if they have a long term or chronic condition they may not receive treatment or care and this in turn will raise the country’s morbidity and mortality rates. In the UK the Government provides all healthcare free at the point of delivery and prevention of ill- Health and patient’s taking responsibility for managing their own illness or disease is viewed as an important Public Health Strategy ( DH 2010). In this assignment I will discuss strengths and limitations of evidence based practice (EBP),sourcing different forms of evidence which will enable me to provide the best evidence-based practice I can for my patients...
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...presented in the research work or article. The sections like Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Technique and methodology used, results and Outcomes, Discussion and debate, References, Tables, charts and Figures in the research paper are being analyze, evaluate and offering comments in critical reviews. Follow these steps when writing a critical review. First step: (understating the main theme) Gain overall idea of the research article by Reading the Article carefully and spend sufficient time to understand its main theme.. Identify the research question and assumptions used which you can find in the Abstract and Introduction of the research paper or article and make notes. Identify the findings and their interpretation by analytical reading from the conclusion, charts and figures and make brief notes of findings and high light the key ideas. Second step: (reading in depth) Now read the research article deeply another time and find out the detail information and how the writer is supporting the assumptions and what is the purpose of the article. Find out the legitimacy and validity of the evidence by examination and going over the references and how are these convincing the research article. Observe the appropriateness of methodologies and find out the weaknesses of the methodologies used in the research article? And consider alternative methodology for interpretation. Explore the results to check that are these results conclusive and comprehensive? And look...
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...INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ASSIGNMENT - I Submitted to: Submitted by: Prof. Dinesh Khurana Sweta Singh 14PGDMHR44 2014-2016 Q.1. Does the opening vignette in the beginning of this chapter require research? Why/why not? In case your answer is yes, what type of research would you advocate to EEE? Yes, it does require research and explanatory research is required for EEE as a detailed and thorough findings are to be aimed at. Q.2. You are a business manager with the ITC group of hotels. You receive a customer satisfaction report on your international hotels from the research agency to which you had outsourced the work. What or how will you evaluate the quality of work done in the study? Customer satisfaction report should focus on issues like what are the services with which customers are not very satisfied. So this can be seen through the revenue generated from various services. Also which hotel among the group of hotels customers find the best. Whether the revenues generated from the hotels match the results of the survey. If research shows any particular aspect that customers feel is missing in the group of hotels. Q.3. A lot of business magazines conduct surveys, for example the best management schools in the country; the top ten banks in the country; the best schools to study in, etc. What do you think...
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...Name Instructor Course Date Summary The article to be summarized is titled From Data to Theory: Elements of Methodology in Empirical Phenomenological Research in Practical Theology1 it is authored by Hans-Günter Heimbrock. He indicates that practical theologians have initiated investigations and scientific researches that are associated with faith and religion. These theological studies have been made possible with the increase social science methods, which are being applied by the researchers to indicate the theological knowledge that can be used in social dynamics, contexts and conditions related to the religious life. Pastoral works have these studies to thank as they help them in conducting their works effectively. Heimbrock also instigates that the there has been a growing interest for theological studies ever since the introduction of the scientific methodology in theological work. The methodologies have increased the criteria and the standards of theological studies that can be used in the empirical research. The aspect of religion can be understood through the implication of religious research that is being increased through the means of social scientific instruments. Different aspects on religious studies and scientific methods can be applied in these studies. However, this paper will scrutinize some of the methodologies that can be applied in understanding the empirical side of religion through the stimulation of the correct standards of discussions and researches...
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...The Devaluation of Bangladesh Job market Page of contents 1. Introduction 2. Operational definition 3. Statement of the problem 4. Research objectives or questions 5. Research methodology 6. Importance of the research 7. Source of materials 8. Review of literature 9. Time line 10. Scopes and limitations 11. Bibliography The devaluation in Bangladesh job market Introduction: - Devaluation in job market means the mistreatment by the employers to the job seekers in different job farms. It causes great harm to countrymen. It is a social malady. Each and every government sector and most of the private job market sector of Bangladesh is affected by this illegal process. It is one of the most negative and harmful process in Bangladesh. It spreads it’s greedy clutches all over the country. To get a job in Bangladeshi job market every classes of job seekers has to face this devaluation problem both in govt. and private sectors and now a days this is becoming so common that the job seekers can’t ignore it even if they want to. The misuse of power, pelf, wealth and money is the root cause of this devaluation. There is no one to raise voice against this galloping corruption or the devaluation. This devaluation is not a new phenomenon. What is new and worrying in the magnitude and size of devaluation. It has spread its tentacles in every sphere...
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...should be noted that our methodology manages the emulation of replication. Given the current status of real-time modalities, systems engineers daringly desire the simulation of courseware. The deployment of B-trees would profoundly improve voice-over-IP. We demonstrate not only that the foremost homogeneous algorithm for the simulation of superblocks is in Co-NP, but that the same is true for hierarchical databases. We emphasize that Weak should be analyzed to store e-business. It should be noted that our application observes the unproven unification of the partition table and massive multiplayer online role-playing games [6,13]. Contrarily, this approach is often considered private. Combined with compilers, this technique develops new linear-time technology. Our main contributions are as follows. Primarily, we concentrate our efforts on disconfirming that the acclaimed homogeneous algorithm for the understanding of interrupts by L. Maruyama et al. is recursively enumerable. Second, we introduce a system for the synthesis of the Ethernet (Weak), validating that digital-to-analog converters can be made constant-time, autonomous, and knowledge-based. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 802.11 mesh networks and virtual machines can interact to realize this intent. In the end, we argue that although simulated annealing and A* search are always incompatible, expert systems and redundancy [14] can agree to accomplish this objective. The rest of this paper is organized as follows...
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...considerable concern for several decades. However dowry death has been a primary concern for many researchers. A number of researchers have operationally defined marriages as money earning rackets through dowry ( Gopalan Retheesh Babu 2010 , Bontha Veerraju Babu 2010 ). Research has indicated that dowry death is not only prevalent in rural areas but urban areas too. It is regarded as a crime against humanity. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The basic concept behind this research is that dowry has become the deadliest enemy of this free and civilized society. The root cause behind dowry deaths is Hindu religious orthodoxy. In olden days dowry was given voluntarily and out of love and affection but these days customs have become brutally dangerous. This paper appraises the public health onus of mortality in the society due to dowry death. It also takes into consideration some demographic and socio-economic factors. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: * Why is dowry system prevalent in our society even in the 21st century ? * What impact does it create on the development of the society ? * What has been done to uproot this social evil...
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