...Subject code: BBEK1103 Subject: Principles of Microeconomics Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Effects of Tax systemt .................................................................................................................................. 4 Evaluation of Tax Reforms……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..10 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....11 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 Easa Faheem S11422649 Bachelors Degree in Human Resource Management 1 Subject code: BBEK1103 Subject: Principles of Microeconomics Preface This is a work done as part of the module „Principles of Microeconomics‟, which is part of the course Bachelor of Human Resource Management. Consisting of an analysis of a Tax reforms for Maldives, this assignment evaluates the purpose of the tax system, types of tax systems, effects of the tax reform systems to the economy and other factors which affect it. The objective of this work is to develop students‟ ability to analyse the critically tax reform systems of certain country, as well as the various external factors that have an impact on the economy...
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...first it is good as long as the government needs to help the country during hardships like recession, tax revenues fall, etc. some of these factors were happening in Australia during from 1980’s to 1990’s. As we know from this report that Australia suffered really huge hardships within economy and finance and we know what they actions were taken towards microeconomic reform like labour reform, taxation, financial deregulation, privatization and etc. but most important thing that was found in my opinion is foreign debt. The foreign debt occured in Australia because of the bad time during 1970s-1990s the government was not able to support the country without increasing its foreign debt. Graph 1 shows us that the foreign debt was rapidly increased GRAPH 1 But it is not as bad as it seems to be, as long as the government borrowed this to improve its productivity and manufacture. Then it would excuse such a huge amount of money borrowed by the government. Also what we know at that time the government decided to sell some of their businesses to public sectors, and some business they bought from public sectors. Now let’s look at GDP that was growing up since 1970 it will help us to understand whether the money that the government borrowed was used properly in terms of the whole economy in Australia. GRAPH 2 As it seen that since that time when we had all the microeconomics reform and changes in some specific sectors we must say that the government did well at that time. Probably...
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...Opportunities Cost and Threat) Analysis page7 3.7 CBA for Structural Reform page 8 4. Conclusion page 9 5. Recommendation page 9+10 6. Reference page 11 1. Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to analysis present of Australia’s trade position and prepared a plan for improving Australia’s position. Specific objectives were to identify key economic problems in term of trade and current account. Problems and solutions were found in the trade and current account though Carbon tax with high Australian dollar is likely to force radical structural reform on the economy and the manufacturing. The report recommends using structural reform to improve Australia’s trade position. Furthermore, Carbon tax initially acts against competitive international trade. In the long term, it can offer solutions to the two sector economy. 2. Introduction Since the onset of the East Asian economic and financial crisis in late 1997 the Australian economy has continued to record strong growth, despite many of Australia’s Asian major trading partners (MTPs) experiencing recession and a consequent slowdown in world economic growth. Therefore, this report will prepare a plan for improving Australia’s trade position and will focus on four areas: • Recommendations to improve Australia’s trade position • Identification of issues in the current trade environment which need...
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...Marcus Sims Professor McDermott Microeconomics 2 February 2014 Video Report Week 4 a. How is Economics used to reduce Pollution under this process, explain? Economics is used to reduce pollution under this process due to corrective tax. This is a tax designed to induce private decision makers to take account of the social costs that arise from negative externality. Economists prefer these taxes on pollution because they reduce pollution at a lower cost to society. The higher the tax, the larger the reduction in pollution. If the tax were to become to high (which could be regulated) some factories could be shut down, minimalizing the amount of pollution that is being poured out into our environment which can result is other alternatives for a cleaner environment. This can also give incentives to these factories to develop cleaner facilities because by doing so it would lower their pollution taxes that they would have to pay b. Is it better to let the Market set the Price of Pollution, or to have Government set the Level of the Fine for those who pollute, explain? (125-175 words). In my opinion, for the sake of the environment, I believe government regulation is the best way to put a “price” on pollution. The government cant fine those who use certain forms of transportation. In the transportation market (boats, trains, air carriers, etc.) they need fuel. It would be one of those not so simple situations where the government would have to fine them...
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...------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1—Introducing the Economic Way of Thinking MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When economists say scarcity, they mean: a. | there are only a limited number of consumers who would be interested in purchasing goods. | b. | the human desire for goods exceeds the available supply of time, goods and resources. | c. | most people in poorer countries do not have enough goods. | d. | goods are so expensive that only the rich can afford it. | ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: RE 2. When economists say goods are scarce, they mean: a. | consumers are too poor to afford the goods and services available. | b. | consumers are unwilling to buy goods unless they have very low prices. | c. | goods are generally freely available from nature in most countries. | d. | the desire for goods and services exceeds our ability to produce them with the limited resources available. | ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: SA 3. Scarcity is a problem: a. | measured by the amount of goods available. | b. | of the poor, but not the rich. | c. | because human wants are unlimited while resources are limited. | d. | only in industrialized economies. | ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: RE 4. Scarcity can be eliminated if: a. | people satisfy needs rather than wants. | ...
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...ECON 1101 Microeconomics Bradley Daley 20511682 Ready-to-drink alcoholic beverages (RTDs) or alcopops are defined as “a premixed drink which is part spirit or wine and part non-alcoholic drink such as milk or soft drink” (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 4). These types of drinks are generally preferred by young people and generally by females (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 3). The government decided to place a higher tax on RTDs which increased the rate “from $39.36 to $66.67 per litre of alcohol” (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 2). The increased tax was believed to be a necessary measure by the government for purposes that will be examined later. RTDs were taxed at the same rate as full-strength beer but with the increase in tax they became taxed at the same rate that applies to full-strength spirits (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 3) The government stated that the reasons they increased the tariff on RTDs was to firstly close a loophole that appeared in regard to the duty that was placed upon these beverages (RTDs were taxed at the level that full strength beer was taxed at) and to also put the tax on them at the same level that full-strength spirits were taxed (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 2). These are the reasons that are evident on the surface but there is a deeper reason that is related to the initial ones. The deeper reason for the increase in the tax on alcopops was explained by the government as a way to decrease excessive consumption of the beverages that...
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...MIcroeconomics: Markets, Methods & Models Douglas Curtis and Ian Irvine | Version 2014/2015 $ ADAPTED OPEN TEXT FORMATIVE ONLINE ASSESSMENT COURSE SUPPLEMENTS COURSE LOGISTICS & SUPPORT a d v a n c i n g l e a r n i n g www.lyryx.com Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en_GB Douglas Curtis and Ian Irvine Edition 1.11 This edition is differentiated from the first edition solely by minor editorial adjustments. Content has not been altered. Microeconomics: Markets, Methods and Models About the Authors Doug Curtis is a specialist in macroeconomics. He is the author of twenty research papers on fiscal policy, monetary policy, and economic growth and structural change. He has also prepared research reports for Canadian industry and government agencies and authored numerous working papers. He completed his PhD at McGill University, and has held visiting appointments at the University of Cambridge and the University of York in the United Kingdom. His current research interests are monetary and fiscal policy rules, and the relationship between economic growth and structural change. He is Professor Emeritus of Economics at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, and Sessional Adjunct Professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario Ian Irvine is a specialist in microeconomics, public economics, economic inequality...
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...Economic Factors & Legal Concerns Introduction The current business environment is an ever-changing and dynamic environment where most business operates. There are a number of factors that can have an impact on the operation of a business. These items are legal factors which can be an important factor that should be kept in mind while a business conducts its business activities. Another will be that of economics and the associated factors, these are considered the most important factor in all other external factors that affect the operation of a company or organization and will be at all levels which will include the local levels, and the state and national levels as well (Conklin, 2006). The economy is always going to be a concern that could affect organizations effectiveness. It is important for management to consider economic factors and legal concerns in conducting business operations. The economic factors are described as the factors that affect the financial issues of the businesses to include labor, taxes, interest rates, etc. The business environment entails both internal and external factors. The external will be the ones that are beyond the control of the business itself. The internal factors will be items that can be controlled by the business. Economic policies of government, capital market and business cycle are an important part of the economic environment of a business. The legal environment will include the laws and rules that regulate businesses...
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...and the environment that it functions in. It uses various economic theory and other quantitative methods to scrutinise a business organisation and the issues that influences the enterprise with the labour and its market. Question 1 Business Economics is a useful toolbox for understanding the business environment and making better decisions. Consider you are the managing director of a manufacturing company based in UK; describe the different aspects of the business that you should be looking at from an economics perspective in order to run the company efficiently. Consider both the microeconomics and macroeconomics perspectives. The entire business organisations around the globe have one similar goal and that is to increase the profit. By scrutinising the demand of the clients, supplying good quality and suitable supply, the profit can be maximised. Conversely there are various microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that affect this process. These factors significantly affect the sales and production level of a business organisation1. The following are few of the economic factors that affect the efficiency of a business organisation. All these factors are interconnected to each other. * Demand and supply: Two of the main factors that affect the efficiency of an organisation are demand and supply. The demand...
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...Accredited Tertiary Courses Listing 2012 Accredited Tertiary Courses Listing 2012 – as at 26 September 2012 1 2012 Accredited Undergraduate Courses AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY The Australian National University University of Canberra NEW SOUTH WALES Australian Catholic University Australian Institute of Higher Education Avondale College Charles Sturt University Kings Own Institute Macquarie University Southern Cross University Top Education Institute The University of New England The University of New South Wales The University of Newcastle The University of Sydney University of Technology, Sydney University of Western Sydney University of Wollongong Williams Business College NORTHERN TERRITORY Charles Darwin University QUEENSLAND Australian Catholic University Bond University Central Queensland University Christian Heritage College Griffith University James Cook University Queensland University of Technology The University of Queensland The University of Southern Queensland University of the Sunshine Coast SOUTH AUSTRALIA Flinders University Kaplan Business School The University of Adelaide University of South Australia Open Universities (conferred by Uni of SA) TASMANIA University of Tasmania VICTORIA Australian Catholic University Cambridge International College Carrick Higher Education Deakin University Holmes Institute Holmesglen Institute of TAFE La Trobe University Melbourne Institute of Technology Monash University Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE RMIT...
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...factors within criminology or social science to allow a better study of the topic, in a more narrow scope. From these typologies, we can also draw numerous scientific values. The author uses the type of activity to study an area. The other typologies include, victims, such as the general public, consumers and employees. Another typology is the size of entity, such as the crime of a major domestic corporation. Thirdly, the product or service involved is another topology. Finally, the nature of the harmful activity. I believe the victim and type of activity are the most significant, because you will most likely have the most data to draw from. Victims will almost definitely report their loss if they suspect foul play; all the while the type of activity will be reported or derived from the victims report. These areas, in my mind, hold for quantitative data. 2. Identify and discuss how the corporate abuse of power, corporate fraud, and corporate economic exploitation are interrelated, and which segments of society suffer from these forms of White Collar Crime. The corporate abuse of power, corporate fraud and corporate economic exploitation are interrelated by very undefined line. Based on my reading corporate abuse of power may be...
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...Economics Notes ****The Economic Problem |What Do These Notes Cover? | |To have a look at the mind map for this resource, please follow this link. | |If you would like to listen to these notes as an audio recording, please follow this link [2MB]. | Mind Maps have been produced to introduce topics and give students an overview of key topics being studied. The maps can be viewed as a whole page or, for those who prefer a more linear approach, as a text version. [pic] • Scarce Resources: o Land ▪ Rent o Labour ▪ Wages o Capital ▪ Interest o Enterprise ▪ Profit o Uneven Distribution • The Science of Choice (linked to Scarce Resources) o Value o Utility o Sacrifice ▪ Opportunity Cost How do we sum up the basic economic problem? We all suffer from it and spend most of our lives trying to resolve it. Essentially, the economic problem stems from the fact that as humans, we have unlimited wants and needs. A need is something that can be seen as being essential to survival, such as food, water, shelter and warmth. A want is something that we would like to have but which is not essential to survival - a car, the latest version...
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...INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION ASSIGNMENT CAR INDUSTRY “GENERAL MOTORS UK LTD.” Student Name: Muhamad Aaron Bin Maseri Student number: Seminar Tutor: Seminar Session: Wednesday (2.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m.) C118 Date of submission: 22nd April 2015 by 3.00 p.m. Word count: 1093 words (+/- 10%) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Slides and Notes * Slide 1-10 3-15 2. Research notes * Slide 2: Contents 16 * Slide 3: Introduction 17 * Slide 4: Size and Corporate objectives 18 * Slide 5: Growth 20 * Slide 6: Strategic group and main competitors 21 * Slide 7: Economic environment 22 * Slide 8: Competitive/industry environment 23 * Slide 9: Internationalisation/international environment 24 * Slide 10: Conclusion 25 3. Annotated Bibliography 26-28 4. References 29-30 1. SLIDES AND NOTES Slide 1 Slide 2 This presentation will mainly assess about the General Motors UK Limited background, size and corporate objectives, growth, strategic group and main competitors, the economic environment, competitive or industry environment, and internationalisation or the international business environment. This presentation will end with a short conclusion. Slide 3 Introduction The General Motors Company bought Vauxhall for $2.5 million in 1925 and since then, the company operates under General Motors...
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...The Savers–Spenders Theory of Fiscal Policy By N. GREGORY MANKIW* The literature on the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy and, in particular, of government debt is founded on two canonical models. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that both models are deficient and to propose a new model to take their place. The first canonical model is the Barro-Ramsey model of infinitely-lived families (Robert Barro, 1974). According to this model, the government’s debt policy redistributes the tax burden among generations, but families, who want to smooth their consumption over time, reverse the effects of this redistribution through their bequests. Government debt is completely neutral—a proposition called Ricardian equivalence. The second canonical model of government debt is the Diamond-Samuelson model of overlapping generations (Peter Diamond, 1965). In this model, people smooth consumption over their own lifetimes, but there is no bequest motive. When the government issues debt, it enriches some generations at the expense of others, crowds out capital, and reduces steadystate living standards. In this paper, I first discuss the facts that lead me to reject these canonical models. I then propose an alternative model and develop briefly its implications for fiscal policy. consumption over time. There is much reason to be skeptical about this assumption. A large empirical literature, starting with Robert Hall’s (1978) seminal random-walk theorem, has addressed...
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...1.1 Introduction to Referencing Referencing is the process of recording details of the secondary sources (books, journal articles, electronic sources etc) you refer to in a piece of work. You need to acknowledge these sources for two reasons – • firstly to protect yourself against any accusations of plagiarism. The University of Hertfordshire’s UPR 17-1 defines plagiarism as “ the representation of another person's work as the candidate's own, either by extensive unacknowledged quotation or paraphrasing or by direct copying of another person's work” • secondly to allow you and whoever is assessing your work to be able to easily trace the original source if need be. You need to refer to your sources in two places- • in the body of your work • in the list of references at the end. What follows shows you how to do this for various types of material: books, journals and electronic resources, preceded by a section on how to deal with quotes. The Harvard system of referencing is used for printed sources. At present, this does not cover electronic sources, but we will be using a commonly used set of guidelines for the latter. Please read through the handout, and try the practical exercises in Parts 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 1.2 Using Quotations The following guidance on using quotations applies to all forms of material – books, journals and electronic items. It is appropriate to use quotations to support or illustrate points you wish to make in your assessed work...
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